CityPulse - Wright State University
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CityPulse: Real-Time IoT Stream Processing and Large-scale Data Analytics for Smart City Applications
Pramod Anantharam and Amit Sheth(in collaboration with Payam Barnaghi, University of Surrey)
Kno.e.sis – Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled ComputingWright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Activity 3.3: Data Aggregation and Abstraction (Data Fusion) (Month 7 – Month 24)
Activity 3.4: Event Detection for Urban Data Streams (Month 19 – Month 30)
Activity 5.1: Real-Time Adaptive Urban Reasoning(Month 4– Month 24)
Relevance to CityPulse
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Activity 3.3: Data Aggregation and Abstraction (Data Fusion) (Month 7 – Month 24)
Activity 3.4: Event Detection for Urban Data Streams (Month 19 – Month 30)
Activity 5.1: Real-Time Adaptive Urban Reasoning(Month 4– Month 24)
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Making sense of sensor data with
Slides 9 to 23 borrowed from: Cory Henson, Researcher, Kno.e.sishttp://www.slideshare.net/andrewhenson/a-semanticsbased-approach-to-machine-perception
A Semantic Approach to Machine Perception
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DATAsensor
observations
KNOWLEDGEsituation awareness
usefulfor decision making
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Primary challenge is to bridge the gap between data and knowledge
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SSNOntolog
y
2 Interpreted data(deductive)[in OWL]
e.g., threshold
1 Annotated Data[in RDF]e.g., label
0 Raw Data[in TEXT]
e.g., number
3 Interpreted data (abductive)[in OWL]
e.g., diagnosis
Intellego
“150”
Systolic blood pressure of 150 mmHg
ElevatedBlood
Pressure
Hyperthyroidism
less
use
ful …
…
more
use
ful
……
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Levels of Abstraction
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Observed
Properties
Perceived
Features
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Background knowledgeon the Web
Low-level observed properties suggest explanatory hypotheses through abduction
ExplanationExplanation
FocusFocus
An Ontological Approach to Focusing Attention and Enhancing Machine Perception on the Web (Applied Ontology, 2011)
Ontology of Perception
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Observed
Properties
Perceived
Features
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Background knowledgeon the Web
Hypotheses imply the informational value of future observations through deduction
ExplanationExplanation
FocusFocus
An Ontological Approach to Focusing Attention and Enhancing Machine Perception on the Web (Applied Ontology, 2011)
Ontology of Percetion
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Abduction – or, inference to the best EXPLANATION
Task•Given background knowledge of the environment (SIGMA), and
•given a set of sensor observation data (RHO),•find a consistent explanation of the situation (DELTA)
Backgroun
dknowledge
Features (objects/events)
in the world
Sensor observation
data
Semantics of Explanation
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Background knowledge is represented as a causal network between features (objects or events) in the world and the sensor
observations they give rise to.
Semantics of Explanation
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Off-the-shelf OWL-DL reasoners are too resource intensive in
terms of both memory and time
•Runs out of resources with background knowledge >> 20
nodes
•Asymptotic complexity: O(n3)
13O(n3) < x < O(n4)O(n3) < x < O(n4)
Semantic Perception on Resource Constrained Devices
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Relevance to CityPulse
Activity 3.3: Data Aggregation and Abstraction (Data Fusion) (Month 7 – Month 24)
Activity 3.4: Event Detection for Urban Data Streams (Month 19 – Month 30)
Activity 5.1: Real-Time Adaptive Urban Reasoning(Month 4– Month 24)
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A Historical Perspective on Cities and its InhabitantsA Historical Perspective on Cities and its Inhabitants
“kings, emperors and other rulers benefited from being on the front lines with their people when it came to making
decisions.”1
“kings, emperors and other rulers benefited from being on the front lines with their people when it came to making
decisions.”1
1http://gicoaches.com/what-we-can-learn-from-kings-of-the-past-who-disguised-themselves-as-ordinary-men/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor
Qianlong Emperor (8 October 1735 – 9 February 1796)Qing Dynasty (1644–1912)
Disguised as a commoner, Qianlong visited cities to
understand a common man’s life
Disguised as a commoner, Qianlong visited cities to
understand a common man’s life
This is popularly known as “Management by Walking Around”
since the 1980’s
This is popularly known as “Management by Walking Around”
since the 1980’s
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A Modern Perspective on Cities and its InhabitantsA Modern Perspective on Cities and its Inhabitants
City authorities, government and other humanitarian agencies are benefited from being on the front lines with
their people when it comes to making decisions.
City authorities, government and other humanitarian agencies are benefited from being on the front lines with
their people when it comes to making decisions.
We want to be connected to citizens to understand and
prioritize decisions
We want to be connected to citizens to understand and
prioritize decisions
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Image credit: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_cities/overview/index.html
Public Safety Urban planning Gov. & agency admin.
Energy &water
Environmental Transportation Social Programs Healthcare Education
Pulse of a City (CityPulse)Pulse of a City (CityPulse)
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What are People Talking About City Infrastructure on Twitter?
What are People Talking About City Infrastructure on Twitter?
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− What are people talking about city infrastructure on twitter?
− How do we extract city infrastructure related events from twitter?
− How can we leverage event and location knowledge bases for event extraction?
− How well can we extract city events?
Research QuestionsResearch Questions
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Some Challenges in Extracting Events from TweetsSome Challenges in Extracting Events from Tweets
− No well accepted definition of ‘events related to a city’
− Tweets are short (140 characters) and its informal nature make it hard to analyze− Entity, location, time, and type of an event
− Multiple reports of the same event and sparse report of some events (biased sample)− Numbers don’t necessarily indicate intensity
− Validation of the solution is hard due to the open domain nature of the problem
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Social Semantic
Web ApplicationSocial Semantic
Web Application
Real timeReal time
Multi Faceted Analysis
Multi Faceted Analysis
Insights of Important Events including disaster response
coordination
Insights of Important Events including disaster response
coordination
21http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/twitter-election-meter
http://twitris.knoesis.org/
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How People from Different parts of the world talked about US
Election
How People from Different parts of the world talked about US
Election
Images and Videos Related to
US Election
Images and Videos Related to
US Election
Twitris: Analysis by Location Twitris: Analysis by Location
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The Dead People mentioned in the
event OWC
The Dead People mentioned in the
event OWC
Twitris: Impact of Background Knowledge Twitris: Impact of Background Knowledge
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What is Smart Data in the context of Disaster Management
What is Smart Data in the context of Disaster Management
ACTIONABLE: Timely delivery of right resources and
information to the right people at right location!
ACTIONABLE: Timely delivery of right resources and
information to the right people at right location!
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Because everyone wants to Help, but DON’T KNOW HOW!
Because everyone wants to Help, but DON’T KNOW HOW!
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Source: Purohit et. al 2013, Information Filtering and Management Model for Disaster Response Coordination
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Disaster Response Coordination FrameworkDisaster Response Coordination Framework
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Activity 3.3: Data Aggregation and Abstraction (Data Fusion) (Month 7 – Month 24)
(UNIS, ERIC, SIE, UASO, WSU)Activity 3.4: Event Detection for Urban Data Streams
(Month 19 – Month 30) (SIE, UNIS, ERIC, WSU)
Activity 5.1: Real-Time Adaptive Urban Reasoning(Month 4– Month 24)
(NUIG, UNIS, ERIC, SIE, WSU)
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Continuous Semantics Continuous Semantics
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Heliopolis is a suburb of
Cairo.
Heliopolis is a suburb of
Cairo.
Dynamic Model Creation
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Even
ts
“Both Ahmadinejad & Mousavi declare victory in
Iranian Elections.”
“Both Ahmadinejad & Mousavi declare victory in
Iranian Elections.”
“situation in tehran University is so worrisome.
police have attacked to girls dormitory #tehran
#iranelection”
“situation in tehran University is so worrisome.
police have attacked to girls dormitory #tehran
#iranelection”
“Reports from Azadi Square - 4 people killed by police, people killed police
who shot. More shots being fired #iranelections”
“Reports from Azadi Square - 4 people killed by police, people killed police
who shot. More shots being fired #iranelections”June 12 2009 June 13 2009 June 15 2009
Key
ph
rases
Mod
el
s
Ahmadinejad & Mousavi
are politicians in
Iran
Ahmadinejad & Mousavi
are politicians in
Iran
Tehran University is a University
in Iran
Tehran University is a University
in Iran
Azadi Square is a city
square in Tehran
Azadi Square is a city
square in Tehran
Dynamic Model Creation:
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Example of how background knowledge help understand situation described in
the tweets, while also updating knowledge model also
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Summarizing Continuous SemanticsSummarizing Continuous Semantics
Keeping the Background Keeping the Background Knowledge abreast with the Knowledge abreast with the
changes of the eventchanges of the event
Keeping the Background Keeping the Background Knowledge abreast with the Knowledge abreast with the
changes of the eventchanges of the event
Smartly learning and adapting data Smartly learning and adapting data acquisition (Temporally apt Big acquisition (Temporally apt Big
Data, i.e. Fast Data)Data, i.e. Fast Data)
Smartly learning and adapting data Smartly learning and adapting data acquisition (Temporally apt Big acquisition (Temporally apt Big
Data, i.e. Fast Data)Data, i.e. Fast Data)
In-turn providing temporally In-turn providing temporally relevant Smart Data through relevant Smart Data through
analysis analysis
In-turn providing temporally In-turn providing temporally relevant Smart Data through relevant Smart Data through
analysis analysis
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Thanks!