Citizenship and Service Delivery-edit

8/3/2019 Citizenship and Service Delivery-edit

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CHARLES H. LEVINE

Presented by Pitri Rahayu


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Prologue

Fiscal Stress and Service Delivery Alternatives

Community-based Crime Prevention Group The Promise of Coproduction

conclusion


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The great taxpayers revolt of 1978

Californias Proposition 13

During the late 1960s and throughout the1970s


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Fiscal stress is an overlay on the anti-government/

bureaucracy framework that conditions the relationshipbetween citizenship and public administration

Dua masalah pokok administrasi publik:1. Bagaimana sebuah pemerintah dapat membangun

dukungan untuk perpajakan membiayai pelayananpublik ketika WN tidak mempercayai pemerintah untukmenghasilkan pelayanan yang layak?

2. Dan, bagaimana pemerintah dapat menyediakan

pelayanan yang layak jika WN tidak mau membayarnyamelalui mekanisme kolektif seperti perpajakan?


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Alternative

methods

Privatizing

SD

Intergovern-

mentalizing

SD

arrangements

Improving

operating

productivity

Deprofession

alizing

bureaucracies

Devolvingservice

responsibility


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Privatizing SD

Intergovernmentalizing SD arrangements

Improving operating productivity

Deprofessionalizing bureaucracies

Devolving service responsibility


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A. Privatizing service delivery1. Contracting with a private for-profit firm2. Franchising services to a private firm3. Vouchers4. User fees and charges to ration demand for services5. Shedding service responsibility to a private firm or non-profit

organization

B. Intergovernmentalizing service delivery arrangements1. Shedding services to another unit of government or authority2. Sharing service responsibility3. Sharing functions like data processing, planning, and communications

C. Improving operating productivity

1. Methods to monitor performance2. Methods to maximize output per dollar3. Methods to improve financial decision making4. Methods to track costs5. Methods to monitor and manage contract


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Altenative methods of delivering services:

D. Deprofessionalizing bureaucracies1. Civilianizing sworn personnel

2. Using volunteers and paraprofessionals3. Using reserves and auxiliaries

E. Devolving service responsibility1. Neighborhood organization of service delivery

2. Self-help3. Coproduction4. Public/private partnerships to solve community

problems


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Alternative SDarrangement Dominant Strategy Citizen Role1) Professionalized

bureaucracySpecialization Client

2) Privatized SD Contracting out/user

fees

Consumer

3) Intergovernmentalized SDarrangements

Shedding and sharingservice responsibility

Client

4) Improved operating

productivity

Maximization of

output

Client

5) Deprofessionalizedbureaucracies

Use ofparaprofessionals/civilanization

Marginal employee

6) Devolved serviceresponsibility

Coproduction Coproducer


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Causes SolutionsReporting inconvenient; takes toomuch time; dont want to botherpolice; difficulties with police

Simplify reporting; pamphlets onwhat to report; limit work hours;support from police, positiveattitude

Fear of involvement Anonymous reportingNo official recognition; no supportfrom police, neighborhood,members, other organizations

Awards, media coverage, ID cards;faster response time by police;community involvement

Novelty wears off; lost interest;

dont think important; nothing todo

Other activities; other affiliations;

increased responsibilities; showsuccesses

Its not my job; thats what policeare for

Offer tax credits for participation


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Causes SolutionsLoss of community pride; apathy;not important; not seen aseffective; no sense of security

Develop community support;sense of community,neighborhood unity; contactmembers frequently; show

success; support of and by policyBoredom; loss interest Include other issues; redevelop

goals

Members do not have time,money for gas, phones, access,etc.

Seek contributions; decreaseamount of work by each member;environmental changes

Not well organized; internalconflict; negative purpose

Other affiliations; simplifyactivities; develop multipupose,non-crime sctivity


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First

how generalizable is this example to other services that are not so

central to citizens lives or so crisis prone?

Second

what are the equity considerations that likely will arise from such

administrative reforms?

Third

how does a narrow citizen-based, service-providing group promote

the development of such attributes of citizenship as trust ingovernment, citizen efficacy, and a concern for the common good?


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Equity

The crucial point about thecoproduction concept is that ithighlights a different understandingof urban service delivery, and ofproductivity improvement, from thatincorporated in the dominant model[i.e. public administrators produceservices, citizens consume them].Here, the assumption is not that

government officials perform forcitizens, and therefore bear totalresponsibility for productivityimprovements of lack thereof; rather,the emphasis is upon service deliveryas a joint venture, involving bothcitizens and government agents.

(Sharp argument)

Wealthier, better-educated,or nonminority citizens maybe more willing to engagein coproduction activities.To the extent thatcoproduction raises the

quality of services received,it may exacerbate gapsbetween the advantagedand disadvantaged classes.

Rosentraub and Sharp

Observation)

Generalizability


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Bridges to citizenship

At the minimum, sucha bridge needs threestands: inovation,participation, and

loyalty.


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The crucial point about the coproduction concept is that it highlights a different understanding of urban servicedelivery, and of productivity improvement, from that incorporated in the dominant model [i.e. public

administrators produce services, citizens consume them]. Here, the assumption is not that government officialsperform for citizens, and therefore bear total responsibility for productivity improvements of lack thereof;

rather, the emphasis is upon service delivery as a joint venture, involving both citizens and government agents.

(Sharp argument)


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Wealthier, better-educated, or nonminority citizens may be more willing to engage in coproduction activities. To the extent thatcoproduction raises the quality of services received, it may exacerbate gaps between the advantaged and disadvantaged classes.

Rosentraub and Sharp Observation)

Decentralization will soon be followed by disparities inpractices among the numerous small units, brought on by differences in humanfinancial resources, that will engender demands for central intervention to restore equality and balance and concerted action.

(herbert kaufman)


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At the minimum, such a bridge needs threestands: innovation, participation, and loyalty.

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