Citizen Security Initiative for Latin America and the

Caribbean

Organization of American StatesSpecial Security Concerns of Small Island States of the Caribbean

April 30, 2012

Crime: roadblock for development

1. Undermines democratic governance

Fear, lack of trust in institutions

2. Deteriorates business climate

Increases costs and decreases investment attractiveness

3. High economic costs

Material losses, justice and penitentiary costs, health-related expenses.

In the last decade, violence rates have worsened in the Caribbean...

Source: Calculations based on the Global Study on Homicide, UNODC, 2011: B

Regional Average Homicide Rate per 100,000 inhabitants

…heterogeneous incidence2010 estimated homicide rate per 100.000

inhabitants

Source: The Nassau Guardian, January 13th 2011

Epidemy benchmark (WHO): 10 per 100.000 inhab.

Multiple factors affecting the security situation in the Region:

1. Socio-economic factors:- Increasingly complex criminal networks- Globalization of crime networks that transcend

national boundaries- Inequality and insufficient quality jobs

2. Institutional Factors- Weakness of security institutions (police, courts,

prisons)- Low Government presence

Crime and violence in the Caribbean: salient facts

• Youth disproportionately affected• Prevalent around urban hotspots • Impacted by transnational organized crime• Multicausal problem, associated with risk factors at

three levels

Individual level

Family level

Community level• Reliance on criminal justice focus has led to

overcrowding of prisons

… affects mostly youth

• Gangs: 33,000 identified as being involved in over 350 gangs throughout CARICOM countries.

35,0%

50,2% 50,2%

23,1%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

2006 2007 2008 2009

overcrowded prisons

World Average (140)

Prisoners per 100.000 inhabitants

Source: 2009 World Prison Brief - King’s College

The Bank’s vision and mission

Vision:

Citizens enjoy safe and fearless lives. Mission:

To support countries in improving the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of security policies and relevant institutions, to respond to the citizens’ needs for safety and tranquility.

Our working framework: a holistic approach

Interventions from other

sectors

Social Prevention

Situational Prevention Police Judicial

System

Prison and Rehabilitation

System

Institutional Capacity

Enhance capacities to design, manage and evaluate violence and crime prevention policies

Intelligence

Drug trafficking

Weapons

Money laundering

Operations

Terrorism

Army

In the last 15 years, the Bank has provided targeted support for the prevention of crime and violence…

JamaicaJamaica

GuyanaGuyana

Trinidad & Tobago

Trinidad & Tobago

BelizeBelize

Country OperationAmount US$ m

ARGENTINACitizen Security and Social Inclusion

25

BELIZECommunity Action for Violence Prevention

5

GUYANA Citizen Security Program 19.8

JAMAICA Citizen Security and Justice Program II

21

NICARAGUA

Citizen Security 7.2

PANAMA Integrated Security 22.7

TRINIDAD and

TOBAGOCitizen Security 24.5

Country Operation AmountUS$ m

COSTA RICAProgram for Violence Prevention and

Social Inclusion132

ECUADOR Justice and Security program 10

EL SALVADOR Justice and Security program 20

HONDURAS Justice and Security Program 20

PERÚ Citizen Security Program

Loan Portfolio

Pipeline 2011-12

Countries with IDB-funded security programs

Loans in the Caribbean Region

Distribution of loans implementation in execution and implementation by subregion (% of volume in USD)

Southern Cone(CSC), Andean Region (CAN), Caribbean (CCB), Central America, Mexico and Dominican Republic (CID)

Lending operations in the Caribbean …

…promoting knowledge generation…

Impact Assessment Methodology of Citizen Security Policies US$1,250,000

Costs of Violence: Methodology and Implementation in Selected Countries US$220,000

Prison census US$ 700,000

The Impact of Social Networks in the Perception of Insecurity US$50,000

Standardized Indicators of Crime and Violence (Phase II) US$ 50,000

Today the countries of the region urgently request support in three critical areas…

1. Improving information systems and data on crime

and violence, so that they are complete, reliable and

timely

2. Strengthening management and evaluation of public

policies in the sector

3. Facilitate cooperation and exchange of experiences

and knowledge

Information and analysis of security

Institutional Management

and Evaluation

Regional Cooperation and Learning

In response to this urgent demand, countries need a complementary instrument …

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Offer the countries the tools they need to make their Citizen Security policies more effective.

… focused on three critical areas (1)…

1. Improve the quality and availability of information for effective public policy

Information to measure the problem, reliable indicators, analysis of the causes and consequences of crime at the national and local level.

•Observatories and information systems

•Mechanisms to standardize indicators

•Victimization surveys

•Prison census

•Diagnosis on crime and violence

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… focused on three critical areas (2)…

2. Use of institutional management and evaluation tools

Strengthening the capacity of state institutions responsible for managing and evaluating the effectiveness of citizen security policies at national and local level.

• Citizen security strategies, policies and plans

• Identify better methodologies to appraise citizen security programs

• Assessment of public expenditure efficiency in security

• Pilot projects at the local level (including new technologies for crime prevention)

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…focused on three critical areas (3).

3. Generation and exchange of knowledge

Facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experiences among countries of the region through regional dialogue and bilateral technical cooperation.

•Facilitate south-south cooperation

•Forums for sharing experiences among countries of the region

•Expert workshops for dialogue on specific topics

•Support specific thematic networks

•Technical advisory services

•Support regional citizen security strategies

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Expected ResultsThe Initiative will contribute to:

Support governments in the region in a timely manner and with high technical quality in the design and implementation of citizen security policies.

•Promoting innovation in citizen security interventions at the regional, national and local levels.•Expanding the knowledge base on the phenomenon of violence and crime in order to support policies and programs for the countries. •Improve evidence, monitoring and evaluation of citizen security policies and programs.•Promote a more effective interagency cooperation in citizen security issues.•Improve the effectiveness of the Bank’s support to borrowing countries in citizen security.

Financial Requirements 2012-2015

1. Ordinary Capital for 2012 - 2015:

US$ 4 million for 2012

US$16 million for 2013-2015 (subject to allocation by the

Board of Executive Directors)

2. Leveraging of other resources: Multidonor Trust Fund

3. Strategic alliances and public/private partnerships