Citizen involvement – the Danish way A brief history – three waves The democratic perspective...
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Citizen involvement – the Danish way
• A brief history – three waves
• The democratic perspective
• Possible new directions
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Denmark: Three waves of local democracy
First wave: Citizens as ”consumers”
Second wave: Local democracy
Third wave: Userdriven innovation New forms of involvement
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Changing citizen engagement
• Turnout of local elections is going down (66% 2009)• Fewer citizens want to run for office• Low interest among young people• A slide from ”we” to ”I” in engagement • Influencing implementation of decisions
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Parallel channels of influence
• User democracy: User boards at institutions
• Local democracy: Councils with formal competences
• Network democracy: Partnerships in integration, local planning
• Project democracy: Partnerships, networks working for projects, f.inst. establishing a local cultural center
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Democracy and civic involvement
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
Individual perspective
Social perspective
Self governanceRepresentation
Competitive democracy
Marketdemocracy
Deliberative democracy
Participativedemocracy
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Citizen engagement – Danish style
• Inviting citizens to engage as users - individual focus
• Focus on public welfare services
• Public debates: Conflicts, problems
• Involvement through hearings
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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The decision wheel
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
Mapping the needs
Analyse/deliberateDecide
Seek solutionsImplement
Evaluate
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Scope for citizen influence?
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
Information
Hearing
Dialogue
Influence
Participation
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New directions in citizen engagement..
• Early involvement
• Committed citizens
• Focus on ”we” – the public good
• Dialogue: Focus on solutions
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Citizen involvement – Icelandic style?
• How would you describe the Icelandic way of engaging citizens?
• What new directions are needed?
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Status on local democracy
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Danish cases: New forms of involvement
• A strategy for local democracy: Ballerup
• Involving citizens through IT: Silkeborg
• Keeping local-local democracy alive: - Local councils- ABCD in Vejle
• Lessons for the future
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Ballerup Kommune: A strategy for local democracyThe process • A ”culture of involvement”• A need to systematize involvement• Mapping the experiences• Citizen summit on involvement• Strategy developed by politicians
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Ballerup Kommune: A strategy for local democracyCentral points: • Aim: Involving citizens as citizens, not as users• Involvement considerations compulsary• The citizens have a right to be heard, scope for influence• Citizens must be involved in decisions as early as possible • Information and communication central • County staff are ambassadors• Focus on new competences and methods (tool box)
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Ballerup Kommune: A strategy for local democracy Results: • Strengthened focus on involvement: - Spreading experiences and tools through project forum- Involvement part of project handbook
• Some areas in front: Children, planning, health
• Evaluation coming up
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Silkeborg Kommune:E-involvement in the budget
• A need to cut 250 mio. kr. • A wish to involve broadly• An ”option catalogue” with 150 options • E-hearing of citizens (debate forum)• Local meetings with politicians• All answers reviewed• 1100 answers, 30.000 internet-hits
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Silkeborg Kommune: Option catalogue
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Silkeborg Kommune: E-involvement in the budgetLessons learnt• It is possible to engage citizens in the budget• Joint initiative from the town council • Challenge to communicate the budget• Biased participation: organized citizens • Inviting user-answers: Don’t touch our school• Biggest cuts in administration• Citizens gain insight into the complexity
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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E-Involvement of citizens- possibilities and challenges
• Potential to reach a broad range of citizens• Quick and cheap channels• A supplement to other channels• Risk of information overload• Quick, individual answers (user)• How to create an e-dialogue?
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Developing local democracy in amalgamated municipalities
• How do we insure that local communities do not feel run over in
geographically big municipal entities?
• How do we keep the ‘local – local’ democracy alive?
• How can politicians gain sufficient knowledge about local communities
to make good decisions?
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Lessons learned?
• A tool of communication
• To come aware of local wishes and needs
• Creates synergy across local associations
• Define roles
• Get the administration on board
• Local councils are not for everyone
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The “Vejle model “
• Asset Based Community Development
• Appreciative Inquiry
• Education of Citizens
Local development agents
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e-Involvement ABCD method
Democracy Strategy Local councils
WHAT INSPIRES YOU?
Danish cases – Icelandic reality
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Citizen involvement in Icelandic counties
• Possible gains and pitfalls
• How to take a first step
• Tools for citizen involvement
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Possible gains from involving citizens
• Better informed decisions• Utilize civic ressources• Building trust and understanding• Civic ownership• Responsibility and community spirit• New solutions, innovation
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Possible pitfalls…
• Consider advantages and disadvantages
• Local government should in general always have final say
• Make sure citizens are aware and accept the premise of the dialogue
• Get the administration on board
• Citizen dialogue is pointless if ignored
• Don’t do everything at once
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What can politicians do to further citizen involvement?
• Establish principles/a strategy for citizen involvement• Ask the civil servants to plan citizen involvement • Facilitate dialogues between different interest groups• Participate actively in civic dialogues• Develop dialogue competences (listening)
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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The role of civil servants in civic involvement?• Plan decision processes that leave room for citizen input
• Demand clear goals and ambitions, when asked to plan involvement
• Understand and value the contributions from citizens
• Develop new competences: Communication and facilitation
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Possible first steps of strengthening citizen involvement:• Develop a political vision/strategy for citizen involvement • Establish one or more pilot projects to gain practical experiences and competences
• Provide organisatorical backing and clear responsibility
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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Tools for citizen involvement: The why, who and how? 1. Why: Specify the goal
2. Who to involve?
3. How: Think the process through
4. How: Communicate clearly
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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1 Why: Specify the goal
Why involve the citizens. Possible aims:
- To map the needs of different groups- To consult the citizens on a plan- To get ideas and visions from citizens - To develop civic ownership-….
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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2 Who should be involved?
• Who are the interested parties? • Seek them out, where they are • Make it easy to participate • Relevance: What are they interested in?
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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3 How: Design and prepare the involvement process • Design a process that reflects the aim
• Clarify the roles of participants
• Prepare for worst case scenarios/conflicts
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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4 How: Communicate clearly
• Clarify the conditions/frames of involvement• The citizens approach: What do they need/want to know?• Concrete, personalized themes• Show that the citizens are important• Be aware of the language
www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
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www.centerforborgerdialog.dk
GOOD LUCK!