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CISCO -- Introduction to Voice Over IP and Other Integrated Services -- Session 408 - (2000)
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Transcript of CISCO -- Introduction to Voice Over IP and Other Integrated Services -- Session 408 - (2000)
1
Cisco Systems Confidential
14081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 14081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
2© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4081038_05F9_c2
Introduction to Voice overIntroduction to Voice overIP and other IntegratedIP and other Integrated
ServicesServicesVoice Signaling Is the KeyVoice Signaling Is the Key
to Enhanced Servicesto Enhanced Services
Session 408Session 408
2
Cisco Systems Confidential
34081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
AgendaAgenda
• Analog/Digital Signaling
• ISDN/SS7 Signaling
• QSIG
• H.323
• SIP
• Media Gateway Controller
44081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
In the Beginning—Well Almost!In the Beginning—Well Almost!
3
Cisco Systems Confidential
54081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T
R
Called Station
R
T
Calling Station
TelephoneNetwork
R - RingT - Tip
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: On-HookLine Signaling: On-Hook
64081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T
R
Called Station
R
T
Calling Station
TelephoneNetwork
R - RingT - Tip
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: Off-HookLine Signaling: Off-Hook
1. Signaling supervision
4
Cisco Systems Confidential
74081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T
R
Called Station
R
T
Calling Station
TelephoneNetwork
R - RingT - Tip
Dial-ToneDial-Tone
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: Dial-ToneLine Signaling: Dial-Tone
2. Call information (network to user)
84081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T
R
Called Station
R
T
Calling StationR - RingT - Tip
Tones orPulses
Tones orPulses
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: AddressingLine Signaling: Addressing
3. Dialing the destination
TelephoneNetwork
5
Cisco Systems Confidential
94081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
T
R
R
T
Calling Station
TelephoneNetwork
R - RingT - Tip
Ring BackRing Back
RingGenRingGen
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: RingingLine Signaling: Ringing
4. Call information (network to user)
Called Station
RingingRinging
104081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T
R
Called Station
R
T
Calling Station
TelephoneNetwork
R - RingT - Tip
300–3400 Hz @ 4khz
SwitchSwitch
SwitchSwitch
Line Signaling: Off-HookLine Signaling: Off-Hook
5. Call Completion
6
Cisco Systems Confidential
114081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Loop Start
FXSFXS FXSFXS
Loop Start
Loop Start
FXSFXS
Loop StartPBXPBX
FXOFXO
Applications of Line SignalingApplications of Line Signaling
124081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
RT
R1
T1
T
R
RT
R1
T1
R - RingT - TipR1 - Ring 1T1 - Tip 1
PBXPBX SwitchSwitch PBXPBXSwitchSwitch
Trunk SignalingTrunk Signaling
• Loop Start
• Ground Start
• E&M
7
Cisco Systems Confidential
134081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
FXOFXO FXSFXS
LATA 1 LATA 2591-XXXX 555-XXXX
Loop StartLoop Start
Caller Calls 591-4242and the Call Appears
as a Local Call
PBXPBXSwitchSwitch
Application—Foreign ExchangeApplication—Foreign Exchange(Loop Start)(Loop Start)
• Limitations:Simultaneous trunk seizure (glare)
Lack of far-end disconnect notification
144081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
2. CO switch senses the ground
Ground Sensor
Ground Start SupervisoryGround Start SupervisorySignaling—From PBXSignaling—From PBX
Off-Hook
PBXPBXTelephoneSwitch
TelephoneSwitch
- 48 VDC
R - RingT - Tip
R
T
Tip GroundDetector
Off-Hook
- 48 VDC
1. PBX grounds the ring lead
3. CO switch grounds the tip lead
4. PBX sensing the ground, closes the loop, removes ring ground
8
Cisco Systems Confidential
154081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
FXOFXO FXSFXS
LATA 1 LATA 2591-XXXX 555-XXXX
Ground StartGround Start
Caller Calls 591-4242and the Call Appears
as a Local Call
PBXPBXSwitchSwitch
Application—Foreign ExchangeApplication—Foreign Exchange(Ground Start)(Ground Start)
164081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Ground Start BenefitsGround Start Benefitsand Limitationsand Limitations
• Benefits
Reduces glare by quickly recognizingincoming seizure (tip ground)
Provides remote disconnect supervision
• Limitations
Mixed voice and signaling
Tip and ring cannot be reversed
CO switch and PBX must have samepotential ground
9
Cisco Systems Confidential
174081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
T and T1
R and R1
EM
TR
EM
2 Wire E&M 4 Wire E&M
SignalingInterfaceExchange
SignalingInterfaceExchange
Ear and Mouth (E&M)Ear and Mouth (E&M)Separate Signaling PathSeparate Signaling Path
• 2 wire and 4 wire refer to the voice wires
• The switch listens on the ear (E-lead)
• The switch signals on the mouth (M-lead)
PBXPBX CO SwitchCO Switch
184081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
LineLineEquipmentEquipment
M- 48 VDCOff-Hook
- 48 VDC
M
E E
GroundOn-Hook
E-LeadDetector
M-LeadDetector
2-Wire, Nonsymmetrical
PBXPBX
OpenOn-Hook
GroundOff-Hook
E&M Type 1E&M Type 1
• Common ground must exist betweenPBX and line equipment
10
Cisco Systems Confidential
194081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
E&M TypeE&M Type
Type I Type I
Off-HookOff-Hook
Type II Type II
Type III Type III
Type IV Type IV
Type V Type V
E&M Signaling StatesE&M Signaling States
E-Lead/SGE-Lead/SGM-Lead/SBM-Lead/SBConditionCondition
OpenOpenGroundGroundOn-HookOn-Hook
GroundGroundBatteryBattery
Off-HookOff-Hook GroundGroundBatteryBattery
OpenOpenOpenOpenOn-HookOn-Hook
OpenOpenGroundGroundOn-HookOn-Hook
Off-HookOff-Hook GroundGroundLoop CurrentLoop Current
OpenOpenOpenOpenOn-HookOn-Hook
Off-HookOff-Hook GroundGroundGroundGround
OpenOpenOpenOpenOn-HookOn-Hook
Off-HookOff-Hook GroundGroundGroundGround
204081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Sending Switch Receiving Switch
Wink
On-Hook Off-HookReceiving Switch Goes Momentarily Off-Hook for 140 to 200 msec
DTMF DigitsSending Switch Waits a Minimum of 210 msec Before Sending Addressing
On-HookOff-Hook
Receiving Switch Goes Off-Hook After Connection Is Established
Off-HookOn-Hook
Sending Switch Goes Off-Hook
I’m Ready to Receive theI’m Ready to Receive theNumber Now—Wink StartNumber Now—Wink Start
11
Cisco Systems Confidential
214081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Sending Switch Receiving Switch
DTMF DigitsSending Switch Waits a Minimum of 150 msec Before Sending Addressing
On-HookOff-Hook
Receiving Switch Goes Off-Hook After Connection Is Established
Off-HookOn-Hook
Sending Switch Goes Off-Hook
I’m Always Ready to Receive—I’m Always Ready to Receive—Immediate StartImmediate Start
224081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
E&ME&M E&ME&M
PBXPBXSwitchSwitch
E&M Signaling and Wink StartE&M Signaling and Wink Startor Immediate Startor Immediate Start
• The only caveat—make sure yoursignaling type matches up withyour PBX
12
Cisco Systems Confidential
234081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
EMEM
EMEM
EMEM
EMEMTie Trunks
CO TrunksCO Trunks
Tie Trunks
Primary Trunk Signaling MethodPrimary Trunk Signaling Method
• PBX to local exchange office (telephone company)
• CO trunks
• Direct inward dial (DID) trunks
• Direct outward dial (DOD) trunks
• PBX to PBX connections
• Tie trunks
PBXPBX
PBXPBX
SwitchSwitch
244081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Voice Evolution:Voice Evolution:The Formative YearsThe Formative Years
13
Cisco Systems Confidential
254081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Distorted AnalogCommunications
Clear DigitalCommunications
300–3400 Hz @ 4 KHz2 x 4 KHz = 8 KHz
8 KHz x 8 Bits = 64 kbps
Digital Signaling—Digital Signaling—Better and CheaperBetter and Cheaper
264081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Extended Super Frame
Time Slot #X
1 7 81
6
12
18
24
A
B
C
D
Time Slot #24
1 7 81
6
12
18
24
Usabl
e fo
r ISD
N or P
BX Si
gnal
ing
Usabl
e fo
r ISD
N or P
BX Si
gnal
ing
Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)or Robbed Bit Signaling
Common Channel Signaling
T1 Signaling FormatT1 Signaling Format
14
Cisco Systems Confidential
274081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
01 2 8
1
23456
10
15
78
9
111213
14
Semi-Multiframe (SMF) 1
Semi-Multiframe (SMF) 2
3 4 5 6 70 0 0 X X X X0
A B C D1
A B C D2A B C D3
A B C D4
A B C D8
A B C D5
A B C D9
A B C D12
A B C D7
A B C D6
A B C D10
A B C D11
A B C D13
A B C D14A B C D14
A B C D17
A B C D18A B C D19
A B C D20
A B C D24
A B C D21
A B C D25
A B C D28
A B C D23
A B C D22
A B C D26
A B C D27
A B C D29
A B C D30A B C D31
Time Slot #16
1 2 8
1
23456
10
15
789
11121314
3 4 5 6 70
Time Slot #16
Usabl
e fo
r ISD
N or P
BX Si
gnal
ing
Channel Associated Signaling Common Channel Signaling
E1 CAS Signal FormatE1 CAS Signal Format
284081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Loop Start Signaling
TelephoneNetwork
2 Wire T1 Leased Line
T1 Robbed Bit SignalingUsing E&M, A and B Bits = 0,
Off-Hook
PBXPBX
CO SwitchCO SwitchCO SwitchCO Switch
Sample CallSample Call
15
Cisco Systems Confidential
294081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Voice Evolution:Voice Evolution:Dawn of the Digital AgeDawn of the Digital Age
Touch Tone Phones
Faxes
Wow! This Is Better than Fire
304081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
The Advanced Intelligent NetworkThe Advanced Intelligent Network
• More efficient
• Support real-time operations oftelephone network’s capabilities
• Supports transport transparency
• Customer can create newapplications and is providedgreater control
16
Cisco Systems Confidential
314081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TelephoneNetwork
BRI BRI
PRI PRI
SupplementaryServices
Scope of Bearer Services
Scope of Teleservices
SupplementaryServices
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) (2B + D)Primary Rate Interface (PRI) (23B + D or 30 B + D)
PBX1PBX1 SwitchSwitchSwitchSwitch PBX2
PBX2
Public N-ISDN IntelligentPublic N-ISDN IntelligentAccess to the NetworkAccess to the Network
324081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Functional Devices andFunctional Devices andReference PointsReference Points
TerminalAdapter
(TA)
Non-ISDNTerminal
Equipment(TE2)
R S/T
ISDNTerminal
Equipment(TE1)
CustomerPremisesSwitchingEquipment
(NT2)
Local LoopTerminator
(NT1)
ISDN LocalExchange
(LE)
S T U
Network Boundary per ITU-T Network Boundary in U.S.(No ITU-T Standard)
Standard per TAManufacturer
17
Cisco Systems Confidential
334081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ApplicationApplication
I.430 Basic Interface + I.431 Primary InterfaceI.430 Basic Interface + I.431 Primary Interface
LAPDLAPD LAPBLAPBI.465/V.120I.465/V.120
X.25X.25X.25X.25FurtherStudy
FurtherStudy
End-to-EndUser
Signaling
End-to-EndUser
Signaling
ControlSignalingControl
SignalingPacketPacket TelemetryTelemetry Circuit
SwitchCircuitSwitch
Semi-Permanent
Semi-Permanent
PacketSwitchedPacket
Switched
D ChannelD Channel B ChannelB Channel
PresentationPresentation
SessionSession
TransportTransport
NetworkNetwork
Data LinkData Link
PhysicalPhysical
I.45XCall Control
I.451 = Q.931 Basic Call ControlI.452 = Q.932 Supplementary Services
ISDN Protocol StackISDN Protocol Stack
344081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Protocol Discriminator (Q.931)Protocol Discriminator (Q.931)
Length of CRVLength of CRV
Call Reference Value
(1 or 2 bytes)
Call Reference Value
(1 or 2 bytes)
BitsOctet
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 00 0 0 0
CR Flag
0 Message TypeMessage Type
0/1 Information Element IdentifierInformation Element Identifier
Length Information Element IdentifierLength Information Element Identifier
Contents of Information ElementContents of Information Element
Next Information Element, etcNext Information Element, etc
1
2
3
1
2
3 or 4
4 or 5
Q.931/932 Message FormatQ.931/932 Message Format
• Call reference—establishes a uniquevalue between userand the network
• Message type—canbe grouped into callestablishment, callinfo phase, call clearingand misc.
• Information elements—areself contained entities thatfurther define the message
18
Cisco Systems Confidential
354081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Supplementary ServicesSupplementary Services
• Types:Number identification, call offering, call completion,multiparty, community of interest, charging,additional information transfer
• Control and invocation, three genericprotocols:
Keypad—uses the keypad and displayinformation elements
Feature key—uses the feature activation and featureindication information elements
Functional protocol—facility message and facilityInformation element or specific messages like HOLD
364081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
CallingParty
Network
Setup
Setup Acknowledge
Information
Call ProceedingSetup
Call Proceeding
AlertingAlerting ConnectConnect
Connect AcknowledgeConnect Acknowledge
CalledParty
Q.931/Q.932 Call CompletionQ.931/Q.932 Call Completion
19
Cisco Systems Confidential
374081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SignalingNetwork
TelephoneNetwork
SwitchSwitch PBX2PBX2SwitchSwitchPBX1
PBX1
The Intelligent NetworkThe Intelligent Network
384081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SSPSSPSSPSSP
STPSTP
SCPSCP
STPSTP
STPSTP STPSTP
SS7 Local ArchitectureSS7 Local Architecture
• Service control point—database information
A or access links—access to STPs
• Signal transfer point—routing of SS7 packets
B or bridge links—connect STPsat the same level
C or cross links—connect matedpairs of STPs, B and C links togethermake up a quad
A or access links—access to STPs
• Service switching point—access switches or their proxy
SCPSCP
20
Cisco Systems Confidential
394081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SCPSCP SCPSCPSCPSCP SCPSCP
Local Regional
D or Diagonal Links for Connecting a Local STP Pair to a Regional STP Pair
E or Extended Links Used to ConnectSSPs to a Secondary Pair of Mated STPs
F or Fully Extended Links Directly Interconnect Two SS7 Switches
STPSTP STPSTP
STPSTP STPSTP
SSPSSP
STPSTP STPSTP
STPSTP STPSTP
SSPSSP SSPSSP SSPSSP
SS7 Connection toSS7 Connection toRemote NetworkRemote Network
404081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN UserPart (ISUP)ISDN UserPart (ISUP)
Circuit-Related Services
TCAPTCAP
ASEASEOMAP
Non-Circuit ApplicationsNon-Circuit Applications
MTPLevel 1
Level 2
Level 3
NullNull Presentation, Session, Transport
Presentation, Session, Transport
ApplicationApplication
OMAP - Oper., Maint. and Admin. Part MTP - Message Transfer PartASE - Application Service Element TCAP - Transaction Capabilities Application PartISUP - ISDN User Part TUP - Telephone User PartDUP - Data User Part SCCP - Signaling Connection Control Part
OSI Reference Model
Network Message Handling, Network Management
Signal LinkSignal Link Bit Oriented ProtocolBit Oriented Protocol
Signal Data Link Speeds up to 64 kbps
TUP(ITU)TUP(ITU)
DUP(ITU)
Network
Data LinkData LinkPhysical
SS7 Protocol StackSS7 Protocol Stack
SCCPSpecialized Routing
21
Cisco Systems Confidential
414081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISUPTCAP
SCCP
MTP
NullNull
MTP L3
MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
SCCP
MTP
MTP L3
MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
SCCP
MTP
MTP L3
MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
SCCP
MTP
MTP L3MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
SCCP
MTP
MTP L3MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
TCAP
SCCP
MTP
NullNull
MTP L3
MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
ISUPTCAP
SCCP
MTP
NullNull
MTP L3
MTPL2MTPL2MTPL1
Protocol Usage—Protocol Usage—Network ElementsNetwork Elements
STPSTP
STPSTP
STPSTP
STPSTP
SSPSSP SSPSSP
SCPSCP
424081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
BSN/BIBB—Backward Sequence Number/Backward Indicator BitFSN/FIB—Forward Sequence Number/Forward Indicator BitLength—0=FISU, 1 or 2 = LSSU, 3 or greater = MSUSIO—Service Information Octet, Type of Protocol and StandardSIF—Service Information Field, Transfer Control InformationFCS —Frame Check Sequence
Fill-In Signal Unit (FISU)
Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU)
Message Signal Unit (MSU) Up to 272 bytes in Length
1-2 Bytes (Always 1)
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 00
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 00SIFSIF SIOSIO1 byte
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS StatusStatus 00
variable
MTP Messages (Level 2 and 3)MTP Messages (Level 2 and 3)
22
Cisco Systems Confidential
434081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 0 0SIF SIO
Varies by Protocol/Function Routing Label
DestinationPoint Code
OriginationPoint CodeSLS
SLS = Signaling Link Selection Code
24 Bits24 Bits8 bits (5 Used)14 Bits14 Bits4 Bits
ANSIITU
or
Message Signal Units (MSUs)Message Signal Units (MSUs)
• Message discrimination—looks at the point code in the routinglabel to determine if the message is local
• Message distribution (message is local)—uses the SIO todetermine the user (application) part
• Message routing (message is not local)—attaches a new routinglabel and determines the proper link for next signal point
SLS OriginationPoint Code
DestinationPoint Code
444081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN User Part (ISUP)ISDN User Part (ISUP)
• ISUP is used to set up and teardown all circuits used in the PSTN,Telephone User Part (TUP) is usedinternationally as well
• Support for non-voice calls andsupplementary services withend-to-end significance
23
Cisco Systems Confidential
454081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Message Type ( 1 Octet )
Mandatory Fixed Parts
Mandatory Variable Parts
Optional Parts
Sample Message Types
Initial Address Message (IAM)
Address Complete (ACM)
Answer (ANM)
Continuity (COT)
52 message types (ANSI, Bellcore & ITU)
Circuit Identification Code
2 Spare bits
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 0 0SIF SIO
Signaling Info CIC
14 Bits14 Bits
ISDN User Part (ISUP)ISDN User Part (ISUP)
Routing Label
464081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TE STPSSP TESSP
Q.931 Q.931SS7
Setup
CallProceeding
IAMIAM
SetupCall
Proceeding
AlertingACM
ACMAlerting
Connect
ConnectANM
ANM
B Channel B ChannelTrunk Trunk
ReleaseComplete Release
Complete
DisconnectDisconnect
RELREL
RLCRLC
ReleaseRelease
ISUP Call FlowISUP Call Flow
24
Cisco Systems Confidential
474081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Signaling Connection ControlSignaling Connection ControlPart (SCCP)Part (SCCP)
• Larger more complete address spacesupplements MTP addressing byadding called party and calling partynumbers (subsystem numbers—SSNs)
• Protocol used for accessing databasesand other network entities (i.e. TCAP)
• Global title translation
484081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Routing LabelSCCPxxxx 0011
TCAP
Message Type
Mandatory Fixed Parts
Mandatory Variable Parts
Optional Parts
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 0 0SIF SIO
Signaling Connection ControlSignaling Connection ControlPart (SCCP) Message FormatPart (SCCP) Message Format
25
Cisco Systems Confidential
494081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Transaction CapabilitiesTransaction CapabilitiesApplication Part (TCAP)Application Part (TCAP)
• General purpose remote operationfunction for SS7
• Originally designed to supportdatabase queries, such as callingcards and 800 numbers
504081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Transaction Portion (Nature of the Message)
Invoke Component
Parameter Set Sequence
FLAGBSN/BIBFSN/FIBLengthFCS 0 0SIF SIO
Routing LabelSCCPxxxx 0011
TCAP
TCAP Message FormatTCAP Message Format
26
Cisco Systems Confidential
514081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TCAP Call FlowTCAP Call Flow
TE STPSSP SCP
Q.931
Setup
SS7
SetupAcknowledge
Information
Begin
Continue
Begin
Continue
Play Announcement and Collect Digits
ContinueContinue
EndEnd
Pass Collected Digits
Call Proceeding
Actual Network AddressIAM
524081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
AIN LimitationsAIN Limitations
• Sporadic deployment
• Poor consistency
Lack of interoperability between vendorsand between service providers
• Master slave relationship
• Intelligence resides in the network
27
Cisco Systems Confidential
534081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
These 900 Numbers, WhatWill They Think of Next
Voice Evolution:Voice Evolution:AIN ServicesAIN Services
544081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PSS1 PSS1
PSS1
PISNPISN
PINX—Private Integrated Services Network Exchange
PISN—Private Integrated Services Network
PSS1—Private Signaling System 1 (QSIG)
Private N-ISDN (QSIG)Private N-ISDN (QSIG)
• Purpose: To extend facilities normally only availablebetween extensions on a single PBX to all extensions onPBX’s that are connected together in a Private Network
PINX2PINX2
PSTNPSTN
PINX4PINX4
PSTNPSTNPINX1PINX1
PSTNPSTN
28
Cisco Systems Confidential
554081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
QSIG BenefitsQSIG Benefits
• Multivendor ISDN PBX-based network
• Networking of remote ISDN PBX’s
• Interconnecting voice/fax and DP servers
• Network wide applications
• Support mobility
564081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PINXX
Q
TE
S
N
Public ISDN A Public ISDN B
S/T
PINXY
Q
PINXZ
QNetwork, e.g. Leased Line
TE TE TE TE
S S/T S/T S
TT
C C C
QSIG Reference PointsQSIG Reference Points
• PINX—Private Integrated ServicesNetwork Exchange
29
Cisco Systems Confidential
574081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
QSIG ProtocolQSIG Protocol
ROSE: Remote Operation Service ElementsACSE: Association Control Service ElementsNetwork Specific
ROSE: Remote Operation Service ElementsACSE: Association Control Service ElementsNetwork Specific
End-to-End ProtocolNetwork TransparentEnd-to-End ProtocolNetwork Transparent
Basic RateI.430Basic RateI.430
Primary RateI.431Primary RateI.431
CopperCopper CopperCopper OpticalOptical
InterfaceDependentProtocols
InterfaceDependentProtocols
MediaMedia
PhysicalPhysical
Link LayerLink Layer
NetworkNetwork
Layer 4–7Layer 4–7
Supplementary Services and ANFsSupplementary Services and ANFs
ECMA 148, 157, 163, 164, 173-178, 185, 186, 191-194, 202, 203, 211-214, 220, 221, 224, 225, 241, 242, 250,251, 263, 264
ECMA 148, 157, 163, 164, 173-178, 185, 186, 191-194, 202, 203, 211-214, 220, 221, 224, 225, 241, 242, 250,251, 263, 264
ISO 11582, ETS300 239 ECMA156, 161, 165ISO 11582, ETS300 239 ECMA156, 161, 165
ISO 11574, ETS300 171/172/173, ECMA 106, 142, 143ISO 11574, ETS300 171/172/173, ECMA 106, 142, 143
LAPD, ETS300 402LAPD, ETS300 402
QSIG GenericFunctional ProceduresQSIG GenericFunctional Procedures
QSIG Basic CallQSIG Basic Call
584081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PINX X PINX YSetup
Setup
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
Alerting
AlertingConnect
Connect
Connect Acknowledge
Connect Acknowledge
PINX Z
Terminal Node Transit Node Terminal Node
Basic Call CompletionBasic Call Completion
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Cisco Systems Confidential
594081038_05F9_c2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
QSIG Generic Functional ProceduresQSIG Generic Functional Procedures
PHYPHY
DLCDLC
Protocol ControlProtocol Control
Generic FunctionalTransport
Generic FunctionalTransport
PHYPHY
DLCDLC
Protocol ControlProtocol Control
Generic FunctionalTransport
Generic FunctionalTransport
PHYPHY
DLCDLC
Protocol ControlProtocol Control
Generic FunctionalTransport
Generic FunctionalTransport
Transit PBX
ROSE—Remote Operation Service Element
ACSE—Association Control Service Element
DSE—Dialog Service Element
Service ElementService Element
SS Control 1SS Control 1
......SS Control nSS Control n
ApplicationApplication
Coo
rdin
atio
nFu
nctio
nC
oord
inat
ion
Func
tion
End PBX
Service ElementService Element
SS Control 1SS Control 1
......SS Control nSS Control n
ApplicationApplication
Coo
rdin
atio
nFu
nctio
nC
oord
inat
ion
Func
tion
End PBX
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Voice Evolution:Voice Evolution:A Better Private NetworkA Better Private Network
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Why Packet-Based Telephony?Why Packet-Based Telephony?
• Data networks are growing at a fasterrate then voice networks
• One network is cheaper and easierto manage then two
• Leverage the flexibility inherent indata networks for voice
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H.323H.323
• International (ITU) standard for:Packet-based multimediacommunications systems
• Version 1 established in 1996, Version 2in 1998 and Version 3 in the works
• Refer to various annexes for more details
• Leverages previous developments withinITU (i.e. Q.931)
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LAN A
H.323 H.323
RouterLAN B
H.323 H.323
H.323 TerminalH.323 Terminal
• Multimedia communications servicesover packet-based networks
• Real-time audio, video and/ordata communication
• Point-to-point, multipoint, or broadcast
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LAN A
H.323 H.323
Gateways H.320(Over ISDN)
H.324(Over POTS)
Speech Only(Telephone)
H.323 GatewaysH.323 Gateways
• Appropriate translation betweentransmission formats
• Translation betweencommunication procedures
• Call setup and clearing on both sides
TelephoneNetwork
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LAN A
H.323
H.323
Gateways
H.320(Over ISDN)
H.324(Over POTS)
Speech Only(Telephone)
Gatekeeper
Router
LAN BZONE
TelephoneNetwork
H.323 GatekeeperH.323 Gatekeeper
Intranet
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H.323 GatekeeperH.323 Gatekeeper
• Optional
• Required featuresAddress translation (alias to transport within zone)
Admissions control (maybe null)
Bandwidth control during the call (maybe null)
• Optional featuresCall control signaling/routing (under GK control)
Call authorization
Call management (call status, tracking, PBX-likeservices etc.)
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LAN A
H.323 H.323
GatewaysH.320(Over ISDN)
H.324(Over POTS)
Speech Only(Telephone)
Gatekeeper
Router
LAN BZONE
MCU
H.323 Multipoint Control UnitH.323 Multipoint Control Unit(MCU)(MCU)
TelephoneNetwork
Intranet
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H.323 Terminal—MultipointH.323 Terminal—MultipointControl Unit (MCU)Control Unit (MCU)
• An endpoint which provides supportfor multipoint conferences
• A MCU consists of a multipointcontroller (MC) and one or moremultipoint processors (MP)
• Endpoints establish a point to pointconnection with the MC
• Actual video or audio distributionmaybe centralized or distributed
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Delay
Video CodecH.261, H.263
Call ControlH.225.0
System Control
ReceivePath
Audio CodecG.711, G.722,G.723, G.728,
G.729
RAS ControlH.225.0
RTP
RTCP(sync)
H.225Layer
UDP
TCPH.245 Control
Audio I/O equipment
User Data Applications
T.120, etc.
System ControlUser Interface
Video I/O equipment
UDP
IP
Scope of H.323 RecommendationScope of H.323 Recommendation
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H.323 CallingParty
H.323 CalledParty
Setup—H.225 Call Signaling Channel
• Setup message to called party’swell known call signalingchannel identifier
H.225
H.245 Control Channel • Capabilities exchange and
master/slave determinationover reliable channel
H.245 H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTP)
H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTCP)
H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTP)
H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTCP)
• Logical channels setup overunreliable channels formultimedia streams
Call Proceeding
Alerting
Connect• Connect message contains
H.245 control channel transportaddress for H.245 signaling
Call Signaling Procedures—Call Signaling Procedures—No GatekeeperNo Gatekeeper
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H.450 Supplementary ServicesH.450 Supplementary Services
• H.450-1 Generic Functional Protocol
• H.450-2 Call TransferSupplementary Services
• H.450-3 Call DiversionSupplementary Services
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H.323 LimitationsH.323 Limitations
• Relatively slow—due to the extensiveamount of message exchange
• Designed with peer to peermultimedia communications in mind
• Protocol format has some limitations
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I Guess I BetterReboot My Phone
Voice Evolution: End of theVoice Evolution: End of theIntelligent Network?Intelligent Network?
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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
• Internet telephony not telephonyover Internet
• Currently underdevelopment withinthe IETF (multiparty multimediasession control working group)
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User Agents
Client
Server
Redirect
Client
Server
User Agents
Proxy
IP BasedNetwork
Clie
nt
Se
rv
er
IP-BasedNetworkInvite
Invite
SIP Architecture:SIP Architecture:Contacting the ProxyContacting the Proxy
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User Agents
Client
Server
Redirect
Client
Server
User Agents
Proxy
IP BasedNetwork
Clie
nt
Se
rv
er
IP-BasedNetworkResponse OK
Response OK
SIP Architecture:SIP Architecture:Proxy Responding to ClientProxy Responding to Client
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User Agents
Client
Server
Redirect
Client
Server
User Agents
Proxy
IP-BasedNetwork
Clie
nt
Se
rv
er
Ack
Ack
SIP Architecture:SIP Architecture:Client AcknowledgementClient Acknowledgement
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User Agents
Client
Server
Redirect IP-BasedNetwork
Client
Server
User Agents
Proxy
Invite
Ack
Contact
SIP Architecture:SIP Architecture:Contacting the Redirect ServerContacting the Redirect Server
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User Agents
Client
Server
Redirect IP-BasedNetwork
Client
Server
User Agents
Proxy
Invite
Ack
SIP Architecture:SIP Architecture:Contacting the UserContacting the User
Response
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SIP ProtocolSIP Protocol
• SIP addressing takes the formof a mail to URL (i.e. user@host,examples sip:[email protected])
• Session Description Protocol (SDP)is used to form the message,analogous to Q.931 messagesand information elements
• Modeled around HTTP, but with UDP
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SDP Media
H.323 RTSP SIP RTCP RTP RSVP
TCP UDP
IP
Internet Telephony ProtocolsInternet Telephony Protocols
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SIP vs. H.323SIP vs. H.323
• SIP uses text for encoding ofmessages. H.323 uses ASN.1
• SIP uses a single request to sendall necessary information
• UDP based. Recent changes byH.323 will allow utilization of UDPas well
• H.323 has widespread usage
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•picture of alien
Internet Telephony Evolution:Internet Telephony Evolution:Alien Life Form?Alien Life Form?
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Gateway Control ProtocolsGateway Control Protocols
• Allows remote control of various devices
• Create, modify, and delete connections.Generates and detect events (tones).Tracks resource states.
• Fits in well with multimedia call signaling(i.e. H.323 and SIP)
• Strong support for existingtelephone networks
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SGCP(IETF)
IPDC
MGCP 1.0(IETF)
MDCP(IETF)
MEGACO(MGCP+)
(IETF)
October ’98
December ’98Lucent
August ’98Level 3
July ‘98BellcoreCisco
April ’99
Gateway Control MigrationGateway Control Migration
• SGCP—Simple GatewayControl Protocol
• IPDC—IP Device Control
• MGCP—Media GatewayControl Protocol
• MDCP—Media DeviceControl Protocol
• MEGACO—Media GatewayController
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SignalingGateway
MediaGateway
Controller
MediaGateway
Controller
SS7Network
SS7Network
PSTNNetwork
PSTNNetwork
H.323 or SIP
H.323+, SIP+, ISUP+
MGCP, H.GCP Megaco
Sigtran Sigtran
MGCP, H.GCP Megaco
MediaGateway
SignalingGateway
MediaGateway
GCP Protocol RelationshipGCP Protocol Relationship
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MGCPMGCP
• Retains SGCP simplicity
• Uses established standards (SDP)
• Additional SDP functions for other network types IP, ATM
• Uses IPDC features Wildcards
Event grouping
Control extensions
Endpoint audit
Connection audit
Restart
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GWGW11
CallCallAgentAgent
IP Cloud
Notification
ModificationCreation
Signaling Between Call Agent and Gateway
Notification
Signaling Between Gateway and Call Agent
MGCP Call AgentMGCP Call Agent
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GWGW11
CallCallAgentAgent
IP Cloud
Monitor
Q StateQ State
GWGW22
Analog Call Using MGCPAnalog Call Using MGCP
Calling Session
11
Dialed Digits
22
55
33
Called Session
44
RTP Connection
66
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Dialed Digits
COCO
Dialed Digits to CO Start the Call
SSP
SSP SSP
CallCallAgentAgent
TGWTGW11 TGWTGW22
IP Cloud
MonitorSS7/ISUP
Q StateQ State
COCO
STPSTP STPSTP
11 22
Calling Session
3344
66
Called Session
55
RTP Connection
77
MGCP and SS7 InteroperabilityMGCP and SS7 Interoperability
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SummarySummary
• Call signaling has taken an evolutionarypath. The underlying core is to providebasic call control. The next step isunderstanding how new services areadded (supplementary services)
Please Complete YourPlease Complete YourEvaluation FormEvaluation Form
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