cisc3660 history of computer/video games - Brooklyn...

cisc3660game programming

fall 2012lecture # I.2

history of computer/video games

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history of computer/video games

• “video” game ⇒ game played on a computer device with a video screen

• earliest video games date back to 1950’s

• historically, video games have moved from technology labs to arcades to offices and homesto mobile devices


pre 1900’s

• Nintendo was established in 1889 as “Marufuku Company”, a playing card company

• they manufactured “flower cards”


pre 1970’s

• earliest video games were designed and built in technology labs

• 1952 : Tic-Tac-Toe, programmed on an EDSAC vacuum tube computer

• 1958 : Tennis for Two, programmed on an oscilloscope connected to a computer


• 1961 : SpaceWar, dueling spaceships programmed on a PDP-1 computer, using vectorgraphics

Spacewar:

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1970’s

• the next phase in video game history, games were built for stand-alone arcade consoles

• 1972 : Pong, programmed by Atari


• other 1972 games:

– Magnavox “Odyssey”, another console game

– “Adventure: The Colossal Cave”, a text-based adventure game

• 1976 : Breakout


• 1977 : significant hardware releases

– Apple II

– Atari 2600


• 1978

– Space Invaders

– Atari 400


• 1979

– Lunar Lander

– Asteroids


1980’s

• in the 80’s, games were still being made for arcade consoles, but were also being made forearly home consoles and early home computers

• 1980

– Pac-Man


– Defender


• 1981 : Donkey Kong


• 1982

– Tron

– Commodore 62


• 1983

– video game industry crash, some high-profile failures because there were manythird-party companies producing cheap games; some big companies couldn’t compete,many small companies went under

– IBM PC


• 1984

– Apple Macintosh


• 1985

– Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)


– Mario Bros

– Commodore Amiga


– Tetris invented in the USSR

• 1986

– Sega Master System (but, eventually, unable to compete with Nintendo)


• 1987 : Nintendo Zelda

• 1988 : Tetris brought to the USA


• 1989

– Nintendo GameBoy — first handheld game console

– Sega Genesis — established Sega as a Nintendo rival (but short-lived)


1990’s

• rise of 3D graphics in games

• arcade games started to decline

• 1990-91

– Nintendo’s Super Mario Bros 3 was a huge commercial success

– Sega’s Sonic the Hedgehog


– Nintendo Super NES

– other companies tried to join the “console wars”, but could not gain a foothold in themarket


• 1993

– increase in computer games for the home market

– Myst

– Doom


– Mortal Kombat

∗ set off discussion of government ratings of video games

∗ ESRB formed a year later


• 1994-95

– Sony Playstation — originally meant to be an accessory for the Nintendo NES (CDdrive), but Nintendo cancelled the contract, so Sony created a complete console device

– SEGA Saturn — really never made it big


– Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB)


• 1996

– Nintendo N64, cartridge-based consoleSony’s choice of CD over cartridge was critical and helped Sony gain a foothold in themarket

– Pokemon

– Quake


– Tamagotchi

• 1999

– Sega Dreamcast — failed to make it big, so future of Sega went with software (game)development


2000’s

• the 2000’s saw the rise of on-line games

• also MMORPG’s (Massively Multiplayer On-line Role-Playing Games)

• 2000 : Halo


• 2001

– Microsoft’s entry into the game console market with the XBOX,including “XBox Live” subscription service to support on-line gaming

– Nintendo Gamecube


• 2004

– Nintendo DS (“Double Screen” — though that is debatable)

– Sony PSP (Playstation Portable) — entry into the handheld game market


– World of Warcraft

• 2005

– Microsoft XBox 360


• 2006

– Nintendo Wii

– Sony PS3


• 2008

– Android — first phone released in 2008, leading phone O/S by 2010


• 2010

– Apple iPad

– Microsoft Kinect


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