Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

Functions of the Circulatory Functions of the Circulatory SystemSystem

Transport of oxygen, nutrients and Transport of oxygen, nutrients and waste productswaste products

Helps regulate body temperatureHelps regulate body temperature

ComponentsComponents HeartHeart

– Primary organ that pumps blood through the entire Primary organ that pumps blood through the entire bodybody

BloodBlood– This nutrient rich liquid has everything your cells This nutrient rich liquid has everything your cells

need to surviveneed to survive– It also collects the waste your cells produceIt also collects the waste your cells produce

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels– Roads through the body that carry the blood to Roads through the body that carry the blood to

every single cellevery single cell1.1. ArteriesArteries2.2. CapillariesCapillaries3.3. VeinsVeins

Central OrganCentral Organ The Heart - muscular organ that The Heart - muscular organ that

pumps blood through a network of pumps blood through a network of blood vesselsblood vessels– Myocardium- major muscular portion Myocardium- major muscular portion

of the heartof the heart– Pericardium- a thick membranous Pericardium- a thick membranous

enclosure that protects the heartenclosure that protects the heart

Heart AnatomyHeart Anatomy

A septum (wall) vertically divides into two A septum (wall) vertically divides into two sidessides

Right- pumps blood to the lungsRight- pumps blood to the lungs Left- pumps blood to the other parts of the Left- pumps blood to the other parts of the

bodybody

Upper chambers- atriumUpper chambers- atrium Lower chambers- ventricles Lower chambers- ventricles

Flow of Blood in the HeartFlow of Blood in the Heart

Coming from the body,Coming from the body,

blood is deoxygenated (low Oblood is deoxygenated (low O2, 2, rich in carbon rich in carbon dioxide) dioxide)

enters the:enters the:1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava 1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava 2. Into the Right atrium2. Into the Right atrium3. To the Right Ventricle 3. To the Right Ventricle 4. Through the Pulmonary arteries 4. Through the Pulmonary arteries 5. To the capillaries of the lungs 5. To the capillaries of the lungs

to exchange COto exchange CO22 for O for O22

Flow of Blood in the HeartFlow of Blood in the Heart

6. From the lungs - the blood is rich in 6. From the lungs - the blood is rich in OO22

7. Through the pulmonary veins 7. Through the pulmonary veins

into the Left Atriuminto the Left Atrium

8. To the Left Ventricle 8. To the Left Ventricle

9. Through the Aorta 9. Through the Aorta

to the rest of the bodyto the rest of the body

Heart ValvesHeart Valves Valves- Flap of tissue that open in Valves- Flap of tissue that open in

only one direction. Valves prevent only one direction. Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.blood from flowing backwards.

HeartHeart

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Inferior Vena CavaVein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

Tricuspid ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle

Pulmonary ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary VeinsBring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium

Superior Vena CavaLarge vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium

AortaBrings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Pulmonary ArteriesBring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Aortic ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta

Mitral ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle

Left Ventricle

Septum

BloodBlood

Blood is 45% cells and 55% plasmaBlood is 45% cells and 55% plasma Blood Cells:Blood Cells:

1.1. Red Blood Cells: carry oxygenRed Blood Cells: carry oxygen

2.2. White Blood Cells: fight diseaseWhite Blood Cells: fight disease

3.3. Platelets: stop bleeding by scabbingPlatelets: stop bleeding by scabbing Blood Plasma:Blood Plasma:

– 90% water90% water– 10% nutrients and hormones10% nutrients and hormones

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Vast network that keep the blood Vast network that keep the blood flowing in one directionflowing in one direction

1.1. Arteries and arteriolesArteries and arterioles- carry blood - carry blood awayaway from the heart. from the heart.

Arteries are large, muscular Arteries are large, muscular vessels. They are strong and elastic vessels. They are strong and elastic which allow them to stretch as blood which allow them to stretch as blood enters from the heart. enters from the heart.

Arterioles are smaller and less Arterioles are smaller and less muscular in size and turn into capillariesmuscular in size and turn into capillaries

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels2. Capillaries2. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in – tiny blood vessels in

networks that allows exchange of networks that allows exchange of material through diffusion, between blood material through diffusion, between blood and cells in tissueand cells in tissue

3.3. VeinuolesVeinuoles- small blood vessels that - small blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood away from the carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries. They turn into veins.capillaries. They turn into veins.

4.4. VeinsVeins- large blood vessels that carry - large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins have valves which prevents blood from have valves which prevents blood from flowing backwards. flowing backwards.

Two Cardiovascular Two Cardiovascular PathwaysPathways

1.1. Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation – blood that – blood that travels between the right side of the travels between the right side of the heart and lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses heart and lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries and oxygen diffuses out of the capillaries and oxygen diffuses in.in.

2.2. Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation – oxygenated blood – oxygenated blood that travels between the left side of the that travels between the left side of the heart and all parts of the body except heart and all parts of the body except the lungs.the lungs.

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Capillary

VeinArtery

Blood Pressure is the force the heart Blood Pressure is the force the heart puts on your arteriesputs on your arteries

– Healthy is 120/80Healthy is 120/80