Circulatory & Respiratory

Systems

The Circulatory System is divided into three major parts:

•Heart•Blood•Blood Vessels

The Heart

• A Muscular Organ

• Keeping Your Heart Healthy

The Blood• Red Blood Cells: Carries

oxygen and carbon dioxide

• White Blood Cells: Help the body fight off germs

• Platelets: Blood cells that help stop bleeding

Three Types of Blood Vessels

• Blood vessels play an important role in our bodies by carrying the blood throughout the body

Arteries

Capillaries

• A complex web of very small tubes

Veins

William Harvey

• A pioneer in the study of the Circulatory System

• Dr. Harvey’s research

• Dr. Harvey’s beliefs

Respiratory System

Lungs

Respiratory System

Windpipe and Bronchial TreeNose and Nasal Cavity

ActivityLabel the parts

Smoking and the

Respiratory System

Basic Facts• According to Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention:• Cigarette smoking is responsible for about one in

five deaths annually.• An estimated 49,000 of tobacco-related deaths are

the result of secondhand smoke exposure.• Approximately 70% of smokers want to quit

completely.• Approximately 40% of smokers try to quit each

year.

The effects of Smoking

• Irritation of the windpipe and voice box.• Reduced lung function and breathlessness due to

swelling .• Increased risk of lung infection and symptoms such as

coughing and wheezing.• Permanent damage to the air sacs of the lungs• Lung cancer.

Lung Cancer• “Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in

one or both lungs”(Cancer care inc,2010).

• “These abnormal cells do not carry out the functions of normal cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue” (Cancer care inc,2010).

• “As they grow, the abnormal cells can form tumors and block the function of the lung, which is to provide oxygen to the body through the blood”(Cancer care inc,2010).

Symptoms • Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss• Fatigue• Headaches, bone or joint pain• Bone fractures not related to accidental injury• Neck or facial swelling• General weakness• Bleeding• Blood clots

• *Lung cancer is first seen through having an x-ray done or through a CT Scan.

Stages

TreatmentsSurgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation

Combination of all three

Coronary Artery Disease(Coronary Heart Disease)

What Is It?

• Coronary artery disease happens when plaque and build up of cholesterol narrows the arteries that supply the blood to heart muscles, causing the blood circulation to slow down in the heart.

(Can contribute to heart failure and arrhythmias)

Symptoms

• Angina Pectoris (chest pains, tightness, heaviness, and numbness)

• Pain in upper body (arms, left shoulder, neck, and stomach)

• Difficult breathing • Headaches and dizziness• Rapid and or irregular heart beats

Risk Factors

Uncontrolled • Heredity-children with

parents that has heart disease are more likely to develop it.

• Race- African Americans, Mexican Americans, Natives, and Native Hawaiians higher chance.

• Age- 82% who die of coronary artery disease is 65 and older.

Control/Prevention• Overweight and Obese• Physical Activity • High blood

pressure/cholestorol• Diabetes

Diagnosis

• Regular doctor visits • Electrocardiogram ECG or EKG (measures

impulses generated by the heart).• Angiogram (liquid dye injected into arteries of

the heart through a thin flexible tube catheter)

Treatment

• Lifestyle changes• Angioplasty• Medications • Surgery

Community

• Estimated cost of (CHD) 2009 $166.4 billion• In 2010 estimated cost $177.1 billion.

• June 5, 2009 there were 2,791 patients on waiting list for heart transplants.

References • “Coronary Artery Disease” Medline Plus. 2010. National Heart and Lung

and Blood Institute www.nlm.nih.gov

• “Coronary Artery Disease” Mayo Clinic. 2010. www.mayoclinic.org

• “Coronary Artery Disease-Symptoms” Cleveland Clinic. 2010. my.clevelandclinic.org

• “Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease” American Heart Association. 2010. www.americanheart.org

ActivityWord search

Obesity and it’s effects on our community (by: Abbey Grubba)

http://www.mydochub.com/images/obese-americans.jpg

http://jhrtsholidayparty.com/

wordpress/wp-content/uploads/

2009/11/the-biggest-loser.jpg http://www.look-good-feel-great-secrets.com/images/no-high-fructose-corn-syrup.jpg

http://steveandamysly.tannerworld.com/databank/2006/image_supersizeme1.jpg

How is it caused &

How is it measured

• Excessive food intake• Ingesting of non-

healthful foods• Physical inactivity

• Body Mass Index

http://cm.iparenting.com/fc/editor_files/images/1042/ipgraphics/fitness/00005258.JPG

Defining Obesity• B.M.I.- determined by height

and weight & correlates (not equals)amount of body fat

• B.M.I. 30 or higher=obese •Obese children- take into consideration normal differences in body fat between genders•Waist circumference•High blood pressure & physical inactivity

http://teamrich.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/obesity.jpg

http://www.dietriffic.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/diabetes_bmi_chart.gif

Statistics

• Nearly 1/3rd (about 31%) of American adults are obese– About 33% of women and 31% of men

• Americans are twice as likely as Europeans to become obese– Americans are also more likely to suffer from a

chronic disease

http://calorielab.com/news/wp-images/post-images/fattest-states-2006-larger.jpg

Why it’s related to our two systems

• Risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disorders

http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/obesity-and-health.jpg

Cardiovascular Disease

• Diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels

• #1 cause of death in the U.S.

• Coronary heart disease-cause by fatty build up cause the coronary arteries to narrow

http://www.topnews.in/files/Cardiovascular.Disease.jpg

Metabolic Disorder• Medical condition that is

characterized by problems with the body’s metabolism

• Healthy metabolism = critical to live

• Examples: Tay-Sachs (lack of the enzyme hexosaminidase A), and Wilson’s disease (liver disorder; genetic)

• Cause cardiovascular diseaseshttp://www.blobs.org/science/metabolism/metabolism.gif

Respiratory Disorder• Includes asthma,

pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer

• 400,000 people die from lung disease each year (3rd leading cause)

• Vicious cycle– They can be caused by

obesity & can also be a risk factor for obesity http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/

BerndCV/Lab/Website%20(Summer%202009)/MCChomepage/asthma.jpg

Illnesses affecting developing countries

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Who are the most affected

• Infants• Children• Pregnant women

Causes

• Tobacco smoke

• Housing conditions

• Hygiene

• Outdoor and indoor air pollution

Diseases

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Malaria• Tuberculosis• Pneumonia• Asthma• Allergies• Dangue• Influenza

• #1 Swaziland: 627 • # 2 Cambodia: 560 • # 3 Zambia: 445 • # 4 Djibouti: 382

• # 5 Indonesia: 321

Tuberculosis cases per every 100,000

Facts and Statistics

• 24%of upper respiratory• 1.5 million deaths from respiratory infections• 20% of total infant death • Half of all deaths caused by infectious diseases

Developing Country rankingInfant mortality rate per every 1,000 live births• #1 Angola: 192.5 • # 2 Afghanistan: 165.96 • # 3 Mozambique: 137.08 • # 4 Liberia: 130.51 • # 5 Niger: 122.66 • # 6 Mali: 117.99 • # 7 Guinea-Bissau: 108.72 • # 8 Djibouti: 105.54 • # 9 Malawi: 104.23 • # 10 Bhutan: 102.56 • # 11 Ethiopia: 102.12 • # 12 Rwanda: 101.68

Maternal mortality rate per every 100,000 births• #1 Central African Republic: 1,100• #2 Malawi: 1,100 • #3 Mozambique: 1,100• # 4 Eritrea: 1,000• # 5 Guinea-Bissau: 910

Respiratory disease child death rate by country

• Guinea-Bissau-208.4 (est)• Gabon- 202.51 (est) • Ethiopia- 221.53 (est)• Mauritania-222.75 (est)

Steps taken

• “Health innovation networks”• Developing public-private partnerships • Developing drugs and vaccines• Millennium Goals

Organizations

• Rockefeller Foundation• Global Fund to Fight AIDS• Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization• Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)• Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB

Alliance)

Pollution’s effects on Respiratory System

Pollution’s effects on Respiratory System

• The respiratory system is very sensitive to air pollutants because the majority of it is made up of exposed membrane ( lungs).

• Air pollutants such as ozone and metals can cause damage to the lung’s tissue.

• The alveoli are particularly damaged by ozone.• Air pollution affects everybody differently, depending

on what it is and how much was inhaled, health conditions, and genetics.

Where do pollutants come from?Primary air pollutants : ash from volcanoes, the carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions from vehicles and factories

air fresheners, pesticides and chemical sprays put the people in the immediate environment at risk of developing respiratory tract disorders, poisoning and at times fatalities

Air quality in Milwaukee is compared to that of other counties in US and came in as follows:Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, as well as volatile organic compound emissions: 90-100% dirtiest/worst Ozone 1-hour average concentration: 60-70% dirtiest/worstAir quality index: 60-70% dirtiest/worst

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaqgxoZdwCY

What Air pollutants Do to Respiratory System

Airway tissues full of bioactivation enzymes

These enzymes transform organic pollutants into reactive metabolites

Injury to Lung tissue

Blood supply of lung tissue can carry toxic substances to other organs in body

More health issues- Toxins in lungs can trigger them to make very harmful chemical metabolites, which can cause lung injuries, neurobehavioral disorders, and cancers (possibly including breast cancer. )

What Air pollutants Do to Respiratory System contd..

• Lung cancer has been linked to air pollution, numbers are unclear though since many other factors can come into play.

• Changes in a person’s biochemical (the chemical composition of a particular living system or biological substance Online dictionary), physiological (of or consistent with an organism's normal functioning Online dictionary) states

• breathing difficulties, cough and cardiac disorders

Health canadahttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/effe/health_effects-effets_sante-eng.php#a1 Scorecard.com : Health Effects of Air PollutionCriteria Air Pollutant Report: MILWAUKEE County, WIhttp://www.scorecard.org/envreleases/cap/county.tcl?fips_county_code=55079#mapsBuzzle.comAir Pollutionhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/air-pollution/

Closing activityHeart model

The Parts of the Heart

• The human heart has 4 chambers

• The upper chambers of the heart are called the atriums or auricles

• The lower chambers of the heart are called the ventricles

• The right atrium receives the blood from the veins

The Parts of the Heart• The left ventricle pumps

the blood to the cells through the aorta

• The right atrium and right ventricle are blue because this demonstrates that the blood coming in from the veins does not have any oxygen

• The left atrium, the left ventricle, and the aorta are red. This demonstrates that the blood coming into the oxygen from the lungs and being taken to the rest of the body by the arteries is full of oxygen