Circuit Components 1 G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups] G6AResistors; capacitors;...

Circuit Components1

G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups][3 exam question - 3 groups]

G6AG6A Resistors; capacitors; inductors Resistors; capacitors; inductors

G6BG6B Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar cells; vacuum tubes; batteries cells; vacuum tubes; batteries

G6CG6C Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microwave IC's (MMIC's ); display devices microwave IC's (MMIC's ); display devices

Circuit Components2

Resistor RatingsResistor Ratings

Circuit Components3

G6A01 What will happen to the G6A01 What will happen to the resistance if the temperature of a resistance if the temperature of a carbon resistor is increased?carbon resistor is increased?

A.A. It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees centigradecentigrade

B.B. It will stay the sameIt will stay the same

C.C. It will change depending on the resistor's It will change depending on the resistor's temperature coefficient ratingtemperature coefficient rating

D.D. It will become time dependentIt will become time dependent

Circuit Components4

G6A01 What will happen to the G6A01 What will happen to the resistance if the temperature of a resistance if the temperature of a carbon resistor is increased?carbon resistor is increased?

A.A. It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees It will increase by 20% for every 10 degrees centigradecentigrade

B.B. It will stay the sameIt will stay the same

C.C. It will change depending on the resistor's It will change depending on the resistor's temperature coefficient ratingtemperature coefficient rating

D.D. It will become time dependentIt will become time dependent

Circuit Components5

G6A02 What type of capacitor is often G6A02 What type of capacitor is often used in power-supply circuits to filter used in power-supply circuits to filter the rectified AC?the rectified AC?

A.A. Disc ceramicDisc ceramic

B.B. Vacuum variableVacuum variable

C.C. MicaMica

D.D. ElectrolyticElectrolytic

Circuit Components6

G6A02 What type of capacitor is often G6A02 What type of capacitor is often used in power-supply circuits to filter used in power-supply circuits to filter the rectified AC?the rectified AC?

A.A. Disc ceramicDisc ceramic

B.B. Vacuum variableVacuum variable

C.C. MicaMica

D.D. ElectrolyticElectrolytic

Be warned that most large capacitors are of the "electrolytic" type, and they are polarity sensitive! One terminal of each capacitor should be marked with a definite polarity sign. Usually capacitors of the size specified have a negative (-) marking or series of negative markings pointing toward the negative terminal. Very large capacitors are often polarity-labeled by a positive (+) marking next to one terminal. Failure to heed proper polarity will almost surely result in capacitor failure, even with a source voltage as low as 6 volts. When electrolytic capacitors fail, they typically explode, spewing caustic chemicals and emitting foul odors. Please, try to avoid this!

Circuit Components7

G6A03 Which of the following is the G6A03 Which of the following is the primary advantage of ceramic primary advantage of ceramic capacitors?capacitors?

A.A. Tight toleranceTight tolerance

B.B. High stabilityHigh stability

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volume

D.D. Comparatively low costComparatively low cost

Circuit Components8

G6A03 Which of the following is the G6A03 Which of the following is the primary advantage of ceramic primary advantage of ceramic capacitors?capacitors?


B.B. High stabilityHigh stability


D.D. Comparatively low costComparatively low cost

Circuit Components9

G6A04 Which of the following is an G6A04 Which of the following is an advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?


B.B. Non-polarizedNon-polarized


D.D. Inexpensive RF capacitorInexpensive RF capacitor

Circuit Components10

G6A04 Which of the following is an G6A04 Which of the following is an advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?advantage of an electrolytic capacitor?


B.B. Non-polarizedNon-polarized

C.C. High capacitance for given volumeHigh capacitance for given volumeD.D. Inexpensive RF capacitorInexpensive RF capacitor


G6A05 Which of the following is one G6A05 Which of the following is one effect of lead inductance in a capacitor effect of lead inductance in a capacitor used at VHF and above?used at VHF and above?

A.A. Effective capacitance may be reducedEffective capacitance may be reduced

B.B. Voltage rating may be reducedVoltage rating may be reduced

C.C. ESR may be reducedESR may be reduced

D.D. The polarity of the capacitor might become The polarity of the capacitor might become reversedreversed


G6A05 Which of the following is one G6A05 Which of the following is one effect of lead inductance in a capacitor effect of lead inductance in a capacitor used at VHF and above?used at VHF and above?

A.A. Effective capacitance may be reducedEffective capacitance may be reducedB.B. Voltage rating may be reducedVoltage rating may be reduced

C.C. ESR may be reducedESR may be reduced

D.D. The polarity of the capacitor might become The polarity of the capacitor might become reversedreversed

Wire Wound Resistors

Many precision resistors utilize a wire-wound construction, where the resistance is determined by the type and length of wire wrapped around a spool. This form of construction allows for high precision of resistance, with low temperature sensitivity if certain metal alloys are used for the wire.

Unfortunately, though, wrapping wire around a spool forms a coil, which will naturally possess a significant amount of inductance. This is generally undesirable, as we would like to have resistors possessing only resistance, with no "parasitic" properties.

There is, however, a special way in which a wire coil may be wound so as to have almost no inductance. This method is called bifilar winding, and it is common in wire-wound resistor construction.


G6A06 What is the main disadvantage G6A06 What is the main disadvantage of using a conventional wire-wound of using a conventional wire-wound resistor in a resonant circuit?resistor in a resonant circuit?

A.A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate for such a circuitadequate for such a circuit

B.B. The resistor's inductance could detune the circuitThe resistor's inductance could detune the circuit

C.C. The resistor could overheatThe resistor could overheat

D.D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuitcircuit


G6A06 What is the main disadvantage G6A06 What is the main disadvantage of using a conventional wire-wound of using a conventional wire-wound resistor in a resonant circuit?resistor in a resonant circuit?

A.A. The resistor's tolerance value would not be The resistor's tolerance value would not be adequate for such a circuitadequate for such a circuit

B.B. The resistor's inductance could detune the The resistor's inductance could detune the circuitcircuit

C.C. The resistor could overheatThe resistor could overheat

D.D. The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the The resistor's internal capacitance would detune the circuitcircuit


G6A07 What is an advantage of using a G6A07 What is an advantage of using a ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?

A.A. Large values of inductance may be obtainedLarge values of inductance may be obtained

B.B. The magnetic properties of the core may be The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequenciesoptimized for a specific range of frequencies

C.C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the coreMost of the magnetic field is contained in the core

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct


G6A07 What is an advantage of using a G6A07 What is an advantage of using a ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?ferrite core with a toroidal inductor?

A.A. Large values of inductance may be obtainedLarge values of inductance may be obtained

B.B. The magnetic properties of the core may be The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequenciesoptimized for a specific range of frequencies

C.C. Most of the magnetic field is contained in the coreMost of the magnetic field is contained in the core



G6A08 How should two solenoid G6A08 How should two solenoid inductors be placed so as to minimize inductors be placed so as to minimize their mutual inductance?their mutual inductance?

A.A. In line with their winding axisIn line with their winding axis

B.B. With their winding axes parallel to each otherWith their winding axes parallel to each other

C.C. With their winding axes at right angles to each With their winding axes at right angles to each anotheranother

D.D. Within the same shielded enclosureWithin the same shielded enclosure


G6A08 How should two solenoid G6A08 How should two solenoid inductors be placed so as to minimize inductors be placed so as to minimize their mutual inductance?their mutual inductance?

A.A. In line with their winding axisIn line with their winding axis

B.B. With their winding axes parallel to each otherWith their winding axes parallel to each other

C.C. With their winding axes at right angles to With their winding axes at right angles to each anothereach another

D.D. Within the same shielded enclosureWithin the same shielded enclosure


G6A09 Why might it be important to G6A09 Why might it be important to minimize the mutual inductance minimize the mutual inductance between two inductors?between two inductors?

A.A. To increase the energy transfer between both To increase the energy transfer between both circuitscircuits

B.B. To reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingTo reduce or eliminate unwanted coupling

C.C. To reduce conducted emissionsTo reduce conducted emissions

D.D. To increase the self-resonant frequency of both To increase the self-resonant frequency of both inductorsinductors


G6A09 Why might it be important to G6A09 Why might it be important to minimize the mutual inductance minimize the mutual inductance between two inductors?between two inductors?

A.A. To increase the energy transfer between both To increase the energy transfer between both circuitscircuits

B.B. To reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingTo reduce or eliminate unwanted couplingC.C. To reduce conducted emissionsTo reduce conducted emissions

D.D. To increase the self-resonant frequency of both To increase the self-resonant frequency of both inductorsinductors

Stray Capacitance

All inductors contain a certain amount of stray capacitance due to turn-to-turn and turn-to-core insulation gaps. Also, the placement of circuit conductors may create stray capacitance. While clean circuit layout is important in eliminating much of this stray capacitance, there will always be some that you cannot eliminate.

If this causes resonant problems (unwanted AC oscillations), added resistance may be a way to combat it. If resistor R is large enough, it will cause a condition of anti-resonance, dissipating enough energy to prohibit the inductance and stray capacitance from sustaining oscillations for very long.

Inductor ringing due to resonance with stray capacitance.


G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn capacitance in an inductor?capacitance in an inductor?

A.A. The magnetic field may become invertedThe magnetic field may become inverted

B.B. The inductor may become self resonant at some The inductor may become self resonant at some frequenciesfrequencies

C.C. The permeability will increaseThe permeability will increase

D.D. The voltage rating may be exceededThe voltage rating may be exceeded


G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn G6A10 What is an effect of inter-turn capacitance in an inductor?capacitance in an inductor?

A.A. The magnetic field may become invertedThe magnetic field may become inverted

B.B. The inductor may become self resonant at The inductor may become self resonant at some frequenciessome frequencies

C.C. The permeability will increaseThe permeability will increase

D.D. The voltage rating may be exceededThe voltage rating may be exceeded


G6A11 What is the common name for a G6A11 What is the common name for a capacitor connected across a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary that is used to transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes?absorb transient voltage spikes?

A.A. Clipper capacitorClipper capacitor

B.B. Trimmer capacitorTrimmer capacitor

C.C. Feedback capacitorFeedback capacitor

D.D. Suppressor capacitorSuppressor capacitor


G6A12 What is the common name for G6A12 What is the common name for an inductor used to help smooth the DC an inductor used to help smooth the DC output from the rectifier in a output from the rectifier in a conventional power supply?conventional power supply?

A.A. Back EMF chokeBack EMF choke

B.B. Repulsion coilRepulsion coil

C.C. Charging inductorCharging inductor

D.D. Filter chokeFilter choke


G6A13 What type of component is a G6A13 What type of component is a thermistor?thermistor?

A.A. A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with temperature variationstemperature variations

B.B. A device having a controlled change in resistance A device having a controlled change in resistance with temperature variationswith temperature variations

C.C. A special type of transistor for use at very cold A special type of transistor for use at very cold temperaturestemperatures

D.D. A capacitor that changes value with temperatureA capacitor that changes value with temperature


G6A13 What type of component is a G6A13 What type of component is a thermistor?thermistor?

A.A. A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with A resistor that is resistant to changes in value with temperature variationstemperature variations

B.B. A device having a controlled change in A device having a controlled change in resistance with temperature variationsresistance with temperature variations

C.C. A special type of transistor for use at very cold A special type of transistor for use at very cold temperaturestemperatures

D.D. A capacitor that changes value with temperatureA capacitor that changes value with temperature


G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier?voltage rating of a rectifier?

A.A. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the conducting directionconducting direction

B.B. 1.4 times the AC frequency1.4 times the AC frequency

C.C. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the non-conducting directionnon-conducting direction

D.D. 2.8 times the AC frequency2.8 times the AC frequency


G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-G6B01 What is the peak-inverse-voltage rating of a rectifier?voltage rating of a rectifier?

A.A. The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the conducting directionconducting direction

B.B. 1.4 times the AC frequency1.4 times the AC frequency

C.C. The maximum voltage the rectifier will The maximum voltage the rectifier will handle in the non-conducting directionhandle in the non-conducting direction

D.D. 2.8 times the AC frequency2.8 times the AC frequency


G6B02 What are the two major ratings G6B02 What are the two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers?diode rectifiers?

A.A. Peak inverse voltage; average forward currentPeak inverse voltage; average forward current

B.B. Average power; average voltageAverage power; average voltage

C.C. Capacitive reactance; avalanche voltageCapacitive reactance; avalanche voltage

D.D. Peak load impedance; peak voltagePeak load impedance; peak voltage


G6B02 What are the two major ratings G6B02 What are the two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers?diode rectifiers?

A.A. Peak inverse voltage; average forward Peak inverse voltage; average forward currentcurrent

B.B. Average power; average voltageAverage power; average voltage

C.C. Capacitive reactance; avalanche voltageCapacitive reactance; avalanche voltage

D.D. Peak load impedance; peak voltagePeak load impedance; peak voltage


G6B03 What is the approximate G6B03 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode?germanium diode?

A.A. 0.1 volt0.1 volt

B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 volts

C.C. 0.7 volts0.7 volts

D.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts


G6B03 What is the approximate G6B03 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode?germanium diode?


B.B. 0.3 volts0.3 voltsC.C. 0.7 volts0.7 volts


Gee three


G6B04 When two or more diodes are G6B04 When two or more diodes are connected in parallel to increase connected in parallel to increase current handling capacity, what is the current handling capacity, what is the purpose of the resistor connected in purpose of the resistor connected in series with each diode?series with each diode?

A.A. The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the The resistors ensure the thermal stability of the power supplypower supply

B.B. The resistors regulate the power supply output The resistors regulate the power supply output voltagevoltage

C.C. The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry most of the currentmost of the current

D.D. The resistors act as swamping resistors in the The resistors act as swamping resistors in the circuitcircuit


G6B04 When two or more diodes are G6B04 When two or more diodes are connected in parallel to increase connected in parallel to increase current handling capacity, what is the current handling capacity, what is the purpose of the resistor connected in purpose of the resistor connected in series with each diode?series with each diode?

C.C. The resistors ensure that one diode The resistors ensure that one diode doesn't carry most of the currentdoesn't carry most of the current


G6B05 What is the approximate G6B05 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a silicon junction threshold voltage of a silicon diode?diode?






G6B05 What is the approximate G6B05 What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a silicon junction threshold voltage of a silicon diode?diode?



C.C. 0.7 volts0.7 voltsD.D. 1.0 volts1.0 volts

Silly seven

Schottky Diode

Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N junction rather than a P-N semiconductor junction. Also known as hot-carrier diodes, Schottky diodes are characterized by fast switching times (low reverse-recovery time), low forward voltage drop (typically 0.25 to 0.4 volts for a metal-silicon junction), and low junction capacitance.

The schematic symbol for a Schottky diode is shown in Figure below.

S


G6B06 Which of the following is an G6B06 Which of the following is an advantage of using a Schottky diode in advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit as compared to an RF switching circuit as compared to a standard silicon diode?a standard silicon diode?

A.A. Lower capacitanceLower capacitance

B.B. Lower inductanceLower inductance

C.C. Longer switching timesLonger switching times

D.D. Higher breakdown voltageHigher breakdown voltage


G6B06 Which of the following is an G6B06 Which of the following is an advantage of using a Schottky diode in advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit as compared to an RF switching circuit as compared to a standard silicon diode?a standard silicon diode?

A.A. Lower capacitanceLower capacitanceB.B. Lower inductanceLower inductance

C.C. Longer switching timesLonger switching times

D.D. Higher breakdown voltageHigher breakdown voltage


G6B07 What are the stable operating G6B07 What are the stable operating points for a points for a bipolar transistor bipolar transistor that is that is used as a used as a switch in a logic circuitswitch in a logic circuit??

A.A. Its saturation and cut-off regionsIts saturation and cut-off regions

B.B. Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation Its active region (between the cut-off and saturation regions)regions)

C.C. Between its peak and valley current points Between its peak and valley current points

D.D. Between its enhancement and deletion modesBetween its enhancement and deletion modes


G6B07 What are the stable operating G6B07 What are the stable operating points for a bipolar transistor that is points for a bipolar transistor that is used as a switch in a logic circuit?used as a switch in a logic circuit?

A.A. Its saturation and cut-off regionsIts saturation and cut-off regions

LOGIC – SATURATION (ON 100%) =0LOGIC – SATURATION (ON 100%) =0 CUTOFF (OFF 0%) =1 CUTOFF (OFF 0%) =1

Transistor Cases and Insulation

Since the TO-220 and TO-247 slugs, and the TO-3 case are connected to the collector, it is sometimes necessary to electrically isolate the these from a grounded heatsink by an interposed mica or polymer washer. The datasheet ratings for the power packages are only valid when mounted to a heatsink. Without a heatsink, a TO-220 dissipates approximately 1 watt safely in free air.


G6B08 Why is it often necessary to G6B08 Why is it often necessary to insulate the case of a large power insulate the case of a large power transistor?transistor?

A.A. To increase the beta of the transistorTo increase the beta of the transistor

B.B. To improve the power dissipation capabilityTo improve the power dissipation capability

C.C. To reduce stray capacitanceTo reduce stray capacitance

D.D. To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to groundground


G6B08 Why is it often necessary to G6B08 Why is it often necessary to insulate the case of a large power insulate the case of a large power transistor?transistor?

A.A. To increase the beta of the transistorTo increase the beta of the transistor

B.B. To improve the power dissipation capabilityTo improve the power dissipation capability

C.C. To reduce stray capacitanceTo reduce stray capacitance

D.D. To avoid shorting the collector or drain To avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to groundvoltage to ground

MOSFET

The MOSFET has source, gate, and drain terminals like the FET. However, the gate lead does not make a direct connection to the silicon compared with the case for the FET. The MOSFET gate is a metallic or

poly-silicon layer atop a silicon dioxide insulator.


G6B09 Which of the following describes G6B09 Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET?the construction of a MOSFET?

A.A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junctionThe gate is formed by a back-biased junction

B.B. The gate is separated from the channel with a thin The gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerinsulating layer

C.C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating laterinsulating later

D.D. The source is formed by depositing metal on siliconThe source is formed by depositing metal on silicon


G6B09 Which of the following describes G6B09 Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET?the construction of a MOSFET?

A.A. The gate is formed by a back-biased junctionThe gate is formed by a back-biased junction

B.B. The gate is separated from the channel The gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerwith a thin insulating layer

C.C. The source is separated from the drain by a thin The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating laterinsulating later

D.D. The source is formed by depositing metal on siliconThe source is formed by depositing metal on silicon

Triode – Three Elements

De Forest's Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube, because it had three elements: filament, grid, and plate. The low-voltage AC signal connected between the grid and cathode alternately suppresses, then enhances the electron flow between cathode and plate. This causes a change in voltage on the output of the circuit (between plate and cathode). The AC voltage and current magnitudes on the tube's grid are generally quite small compared with the variation of voltage and current in the plate circuit. Thus, the triode functions as an amplifier of the incoming AC signal (taking high-voltage, high-current DC power supplied from the large DC source on the right and "throttling" it by means of the tube's controlled conductivity).

Tetrode – Four Elements

When connected to ground through an external capacitor, the screen had the effect of electro-statically shielding the grid from the plate. Without the screen, the capacitive linking between the plate and the grid could cause significant signal feedback at high frequencies, resulting in unwanted oscillations. The screen, being of less surface area and lower positive potential than the plate, didn't attract many of the electrons passing through the grid from the cathode, so the vast majority of electrons in the tube still flew by the screen to be collected by the plate:

Pentode – Five Elements

The suppressor's job was to repel any secondarily emitted electrons back to the plate: a structural equivalent of the beam power tube's space charge. This, of course, increased plate current and decreased screen current, resulting in better gain and overall performance. In some instances it allowed for greater operating plate

voltage as well


G6B10 Which element of a triode G6B10 Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and flow of electrons between cathode and plate?plate?

A.A. Control gridControl grid

B.B. HeaterHeater

C.C. Screen GridScreen Grid

D.D. Suppressor gridSuppressor grid


G6B10 Which element of a triode G6B10 Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and flow of electrons between cathode and plate?plate?

A.A. Control gridControl gridB.B. HeaterHeater

C.C. Screen GridScreen Grid

D.D. Suppressor gridSuppressor grid

FET – Field Effect Transistor Uni Junction Transistor

All FETs have a gate, drain, and source terminal that correspond roughly to the base, collector, and emitter of BJTs. Aside from the JFET, all FETs also have a fourth terminal called the body, base, bulk, or substrate. This fourth terminal serves to bias the transistor into operation; it is rare to make non-trivial use of the body terminal in circuit designs, but its presence is important when setting up the physical layout of an integrated circuit. The names of the terminals refer to their functions. The gate terminal may be thought of as controlling the opening and closing of a physical gate. This gate permits electrons to flow through or blocks their passage by creating or eliminating a channel between the source and drain. Electrons flow from the source terminal towards the drain terminal if influenced by an applied voltage.


G6B11 Which of the following solid G6B11 Which of the following solid state devices is most like a vacuum state devices is most like a vacuum tube in its general characteristics?tube in its general characteristics?

A.A. A bipolar transistorA bipolar transistor

B.B. An FETAn FET

C.C. A tunnel diodeA tunnel diode

D.D. A varistorA varistor


G6B11 Which of the following solid G6B11 Which of the following solid state devices is most like a vacuum state devices is most like a vacuum tube in its general characteristics?tube in its general characteristics?

A.A. A bipolar transistorA bipolar transistor

B.B. An FETAn FETC.C. A tunnel diodeA tunnel diode

D.D. A varistorA varistor


G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?screen grid in a vacuum tube?

A.A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceTo reduce grid-to-plate capacitance

B.B. To increase efficiencyTo increase efficiency

C.C. To increase the high frequency responseTo increase the high frequency response

D.D. To decrease plate resistanceTo decrease plate resistance


G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a G6B12 What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?screen grid in a vacuum tube?

A.A. To reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceTo reduce grid-to-plate capacitanceB.B. To increase efficiencyTo increase efficiency

C.C. To increase the high frequency responseTo increase the high frequency response

D.D. To decrease plate resistanceTo decrease plate resistance

Batteries

With a relatively low internal resistance, a NiCad battery can supply high surge currents.

This makes them a favorable choice for remote-controlled electric model airplanes, boats, and cars, as well as cordless power tools and camera flash units.

Larger flooded cells are used for aircraft starting batteries, electric vehicles, and standby power.


G6B13 What is an advantage of the low G6B13 What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium batteries?batteries?

A.A. Long lifeLong life

B.B. High discharge currentHigh discharge current

C.C. High voltageHigh voltage

D.D. Rapid rechargeRapid recharge


G6B13 What is an advantage of the low G6B13 What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium internal resistance of Nickel Cadmium batteries?batteries?

A.A. Long lifeLong life

B.B. High discharge currentHigh discharge currentC.C. High voltageHigh voltage

D.D. Rapid rechargeRapid recharge


G6B14 What is the minimum allowable G6B14 What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery?standard 12 volt lead acid battery?

A.A. 6 volts6 volts



D.D. 12 volts12 volts


G6B14 What is the minimum allowable G6B14 What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery?standard 12 volt lead acid battery?

A.A. 6 volts6 volts


C.C. 10.5 volts10.5 voltsD.D. 12 volts12 volts

AT AROUND 10.5 VOLTS THE BATTERY VOLTAGE AT AROUND 10.5 VOLTS THE BATTERY VOLTAGE BEGINSBEGINSTO DROP RAPIDLY. TO DROP RAPIDLY.


G6B15 When is it acceptable to G6B15 When is it acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc recharge a carbon-zinc primaryprimary cell? cell?

A.A. As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop below 1.0 voltbelow 1.0 volt

B.B. When the cell is kept warm during the recharging When the cell is kept warm during the recharging periodperiod

C.C. When a constant current charger is usedWhen a constant current charger is used

D.D. NeverNever


G6B15 When is it acceptable to G6B15 When is it acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?

A.A. As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop As long as the voltage has not been allowed to drop below 1.0 voltbelow 1.0 volt

B.B. When the cell is kept warm during the recharging When the cell is kept warm during the recharging periodperiod

C.C. When a constant current charger is usedWhen a constant current charger is used

D.D. NeverNever

NEVER RECHARGE A PRIMARY CELL…NEVER RECHARGE A PRIMARY CELL… THEY ARE NOT THEY ARE NOT RECHARGABLERECHARGABLE


G6B16 Which of the following is a G6B16 Which of the following is a rechargeable battery?rechargeable battery?

A.A. Carbon-zincCarbon-zinc

B.B. Silver oxideSilver oxide

C.C. Nickel Metal HydrideNickel Metal Hydride

D.D. MercuryMercury


G6B16 Which of the following is a G6B16 Which of the following is a rechargeable battery?rechargeable battery?

A.A. Carbon-zincCarbon-zinc

B.B. Silver oxideSilver oxide

C.C. Nickel Metal HydrideNickel Metal HydrideD.D. MercuryMercury

Integrated CircuitIntegrated CircuitAnalog Integrated CircuitAnalog Integrated Circuit


Used for Signal amplification, filtering circuits, Used for Signal amplification, filtering circuits, measurements, Operational Amplifiers (op-amp) measurements, Operational Amplifiers (op-amp)

and power control. and power control.

Linear Voltage Regulator

Integrated CircuitIntegrated CircuitDigital Integrated CircuitDigital Integrated Circuit


1 and 0 type Logic Circuits, Flip Flops, NAND NOR, 1 and 0 type Logic Circuits, Flip Flops, NAND NOR, AND / OR Sequential Logic, Counters, Clock AND / OR Sequential Logic, Counters, Clock Circuits, ROM (Read only Memory), RAM Random Circuits, ROM (Read only Memory), RAM Random Access Memory, Microprocessors and others.Access Memory, Microprocessors and others.


G6C01 Which of the following is most G6C01 Which of the following is most often provided as an analog integrated often provided as an analog integrated circuit?circuit?

A.A. NAND GateNAND Gate

B.B. Gallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" AmplifierGallium Arsenide UHF Receiver "front end" Amplifier

C.C. Frequency CounterFrequency Counter

D.D. Linear voltage regulatorLinear voltage regulator

RTL IC Logic

RTL – Resistor Transistor Logic – The Earliest integrated circuit logic. The obvious disadvantage of RTL is its high current dissipation when the transistor conducts to overdrive the output biasing resistor. This requires that more current be supplied to and heat be removed from RTL circuits. In contrast, TTL circuits minimize both of these requirements.

TTL IC Logic

TTL– Transistor – transistor logic contrasts with the preceding resistor–transistor logic (RTL) and diode–transistor logic (DTL) generations by using transistors not only to amplify the output but also to isolate the inputs. TTL devices consume substantially more power than equivalent CMOS devices at rest, but power consumption does not increase with clock speed as rapidly as for CMOS devices.

CMOS IC Logic

Two important characteristics of CMOS devices are high noise immunity and low static power consumption. Significant power is only drawn when the transistors in the CMOS device are switching between on and off states. Consequently, CMOS devices do not produce as much waste heat as other forms of logic, for example transistor-transistor logic (TTL) or NMOS logic, which uses all n-channel devices without p-channel devices. CMOS also allows a high density of logic functions on a chip. It was primarily this reason why CMOS won the race in eighties and become the most used technology to be implemented in VLSI chips.


G6C02 Which of the following is the G6C02 Which of the following is the most commonly used digital logic most commonly used digital logic family of integrated circuits?family of integrated circuits?

A.A. RTLRTL

B.B. TTLTTL

C.C. CMOSCMOS

D.D. PMOSPMOS


G6C02 Which of the following is the G6C02 Which of the following is the most commonly used digital logic most commonly used digital logic family of integrated circuits?family of integrated circuits?

A.A. RTLRTL

B.B. TTLTTL

C.C. CMOSCMOSD.D. PMOSPMOS


G6C03 Which of the following is an G6C03 Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS Logic integrated advantage of CMOS Logic integrated circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumption

B.B. High power handling capabilityHigh power handling capability

C.C. Better suited for RF amplificationBetter suited for RF amplification

D.D. Better suited for power supply regulationBetter suited for power supply regulation


G6C03 Which of the following is an G6C03 Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS Logic integrated advantage of CMOS Logic integrated circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?circuits compared to TTL logic circuits?

A.A. Low power consumptionLow power consumptionB.B. High power handling capabilityHigh power handling capability

C.C. Better suited for RF amplificationBetter suited for RF amplification

D.D. Better suited for power supply regulationBetter suited for power supply regulation


G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?

A.A. Resistor Operated MemoryResistor Operated Memory

B.B. Read Only MemoryRead Only Memory

C.C. Random Operational MemoryRandom Operational Memory

D.D. Resistant to Overload MemoryResistant to Overload Memory


G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?G6C04 What is meant by the term ROM?

A.A. Resistor Operated MemoryResistor Operated Memory

B.B. Read Only MemoryRead Only MemoryC.C. Random Operational MemoryRandom Operational Memory

D.D. Resistant to Overload MemoryResistant to Overload Memory


G6C05 What is meant when memory is G6C05 What is meant when memory is characterized as "non-volatile"?characterized as "non-volatile"?

A.A. It is resistant to radiation damageIt is resistant to radiation damage

B.B. It is resistant to high temperaturesIt is resistant to high temperatures

C.C. The stored information is maintained even if power The stored information is maintained even if power is removedis removed

D.D. The stored information cannot be changed once The stored information cannot be changed once writtenwritten


G6C05 What is meant when memory is G6C05 What is meant when memory is characterized as "non-volatile"?characterized as "non-volatile"?

A.A. It is resistant to radiation damageIt is resistant to radiation damage

B.B. It is resistant to high temperaturesIt is resistant to high temperatures

C.C. The stored information is maintained even The stored information is maintained even if power is removedif power is removed

D.D. The stored information cannot be changed once The stored information cannot be changed once writtenwritten


G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit G6C06 Which type of integrated circuit is an operational amplifier?is an operational amplifier?

A.A. DigitalDigital

B.B. MMICMMIC

C.C. ProgrammableProgrammable

D.D. AnalogAnalog


G6C07 What is one G6C07 What is one disadvantagedisadvantage of an of an incandescent indicator compared to a incandescent indicator compared to a LED?LED?


B.B. High speedHigh speed

C.C. Long lifeLong life

D.D. High power consumptionHigh power consumption


G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an G6C07 What is one disadvantage of an incandescent indicator compared to a incandescent indicator compared to a LED?LED?


B.B. High speedHigh speed

C.C. Long lifeLong life

D.D. High power consumptionHigh power consumption


G6C08 How is an LED biased when G6C08 How is an LED biased when emitting light?emitting light?

A.A. Beyond cutoffBeyond cutoff

B.B. At the Zener voltageAt the Zener voltage

C.C. Reverse BiasedReverse Biased

D.D. Forward BiasedForward Biased


G6C09 Which of the following is a G6C09 Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal characteristic of a liquid crystal display?display?

A.A. It requires ambient or back lightingIt requires ambient or back lighting

B.B. It offers a wide dynamic rangeIt offers a wide dynamic range

C.C. It has a wide viewing angleIt has a wide viewing angle



G6C09 Which of the following is a G6C09 Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal characteristic of a liquid crystal display?display?

A.A. It requires ambient or back lightingIt requires ambient or back lightingB.B. It offers a wide dynamic rangeIt offers a wide dynamic range

C.C. It has a wide viewing angleIt has a wide viewing angle



G6C10 What is meant by the term G6C10 What is meant by the term MMIC?MMIC?

A.A. Multi Megabyte Integrated CircuitMulti Megabyte Integrated Circuit

B.B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMonolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit

C.C. Military-specification Manufactured Integrated Military-specification Manufactured Integrated CircuitCircuit

D.D. Mode Modulated Integrated CircuitMode Modulated Integrated Circuit


G6C10 What is meant by the term G6C10 What is meant by the term MMIC?MMIC?

A.A. Multi Megabyte Integrated CircuitMulti Megabyte Integrated Circuit

B.B. Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMonolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitC.C. Military-specification Manufactured Integrated Military-specification Manufactured Integrated

CircuitCircuit

D.D. Mode Modulated Integrated CircuitMode Modulated Integrated Circuit


G6C11 What is a microprocessor?G6C11 What is a microprocessor?

A.A. A low powered analog signal processor used as a A low powered analog signal processor used as a microwave detectormicrowave detector

B.B. A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit chipchip

C.C. A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator on a chipon a chip

D.D. A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave transmitter modulator stagetransmitter modulator stage


G6C11 What is a microprocessor?G6C11 What is a microprocessor?

A.A. A low powered analog signal processor used as a A low powered analog signal processor used as a microwave detectormicrowave detector

B.B. A miniature computer on a single A miniature computer on a single integrated circuit chipintegrated circuit chip

C.C. A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator A microwave detector, amplifier, and local oscillator on a chipon a chip

D.D. A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave A low voltage amplifier used in a microwave transmitter modulator stagetransmitter modulator stage


G6C12 What two devices in an amateur G6C12 What two devices in an amateur radio station might be connected using radio station might be connected using a USB interface?a USB interface?

A.A. Computer and transceiverComputer and transceiver

B.B. Microphone and transceiverMicrophone and transceiver

C.C. Amplifier and antennaAmplifier and antenna

D.D. Power supply and amplifierPower supply and amplifier


G6C12 What two devices in an amateur G6C12 What two devices in an amateur radio station might be connected using radio station might be connected using a USB interface?a USB interface?

A.A. Computer and transceiverComputer and transceiverB.B. Microphone and transceiverMicrophone and transceiver

C.C. Amplifier and antennaAmplifier and antenna

D.D. Power supply and amplifierPower supply and amplifier


G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups][3 exam question - 3 groups]

Circuit Components 1 G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups] G6AResistors; capacitors;...

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Transcript of Circuit Components 1 G6 - CIRCUIT COMPONENTS [3 exam question - 3 groups] G6AResistors; capacitors;...