Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software
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Transcript of Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software
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8/3/2019 Cin305 Lecture Notes for Week 6-7 Computer Hardware & Software
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COMPUTER HARDWARE
SOFTWARE - Con,d
Week 6-7CIN 305 Preliminary Computing
Source: www.farhansherazi.com
CiN305
AtinChaudhary@FNU
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INPUTAND OUTPUT DEVICES
Data Buscarries data from one component to another
I/O(computer jargon for input/output) refers to collectingdata and transporting results.
Expansion bus- the segment of the data bus thattransports data between RAM and peripheral devices
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Page 88
Section DChapter2
Expansion slots, cards and ports: How does a
computer get data from RAM to a peripheraldevice?
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TYPESOF EXPANSION BUSES
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Advanced Graphic Port (AGP)
Universal serial bus (USB) FireWire buses
HPSB high performance serial bus
Used with digital
camcorders & video editing software
6-3
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TYPESOF EXPANSION BUSES
The microcomputer motherboard typically has up to threetypes of expansion slots:
ISA - older technology, modems and slow devices
PCI- for graphics, sound, video, modem or network cards
AGP- for graphics cards
Expansion cards are built for only one type of slot
6-4
Page 89
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USB AND HPSB PORTS
USB Port
Replacing serial and parallel ports
Faster
Each port can supportmore than one device
HPSB Port
FireWire ports Faster then USB ports
6-5
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CABLES
6-6
Connect
Input/Output devices
Mouse
Keyboard
Printer
Monitor
Newer cables
AGP
graphics monitor USB
joy stick; scanner
HPSB video camera
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MAJORTYPESOFEXPANSIONCABLES
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Page 90-91
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MAJOR TYPESOF SOFTWARE
Software (Programs):
Coded instructions formanipulating computerhardware and data.
Application software (often calledApplications):
Programs that perform useful functions for users
(e.g., Microsoft Access)
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SYSTEMSOFTWARE
Programs that operate computer hardware
Operating System(e.g., Microsoft Windows for PCs);
User interface commands and/or screens through which the
user interacts with the system
(Note: user interface also has hardware parts keyboard,
mouse)
Programming languages
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FUNCTIONSOF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
Think on terms of peoples management
Allocation and Assignment
Allocates hardware to application software tasks(e.g., Timesharingof processor;primary memory allocation and Virtual Memorycreation)
Scheduling
Scheduling processing, inputs and outputs
Monitoring Keeps tracks of users and tasks
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EXAMPLESOF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows (XP, ME, 98,95...)
Versions for home & corporate; supports Internet and multimedia;improved networking, security, and corporate management capabilities
Mac OS Apple computers, alternative to PCs; microprocessor with graphicalcapabilities
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UNIX For different categories of computers and for networking. Portable tovarious computer hardware platforms
Linux UNIX for PCs; open source
Palm OS Handheld computers, Personal Digital Assistants
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User Interface
Application Software
Operating System
Hardware
To put it all together
User
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Used for making application software
Todays standards: Third Generation (instructions more English-like)
Fourth Generation (easy to use)
Web development, markup languages - HTML, XML
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THIRDAND FOURTH GENERATION
Third Generation Programming Languages Example: COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)
Business ISes; Process large data files, numbers & text
Fourth Generation Programming Languages
Report Generators (create customized reports for managers - MIS/RS)
Macros in Word processing, spreadsheets etc. software
Programming modules in tax programs, accounting packages
Languages for retrieving databases query languages (Ch. 8)
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MARKUP LANGUAGESFOR WEB
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
Controls display of Web pages
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Describes structure of document & its data
Document transfer between different systems
XBRL
eXtensible Business Reporting Language
Making financial statements & reports easier to prepare
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MANAGEMENTOF SOFTWARE ASSETS
Rent Versus Buy Versus Build
ASP (Application Service Provider)
Company that provides software (and sometimes hardware)
that is rented over the network
Maintenance important and expensive
Selecting Software
Appropriateness, Efficiency, Compatibility and VendorSupport
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