CIM UG 2014 Network Modelling - UCAIugModel Driven Architectures and Eclipse Technologies for the...

Model Driven Architectures and Eclipse

Technologies for the Power IndustryAlan McMorran B.Eng Ph.D

Open Grid SystemsOGO

CIM Network Model


Information ModellingA simple introduction to CIM UML

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OO Open Grid Systems

CIM UML

IEC 61970-301 defines the components in the power

system used by the EMS in UML

The definitions originally reflected how components

are modelled in existing EMS systems

As the scope of the CIM has grown the model has

changed to reflect its uses outside of transmission

operations

The majority of CIM classes have IdentifiedObject as

their root classes

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Inheritance in the CIM

A Breaker is “a mechanical switching device capable of

making, carrying and breaking currents under normal

circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a

specified time, and breaking current under specified

abnormal circuit condition”

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Breaker



Breaker is a type of ProtectedSwitch,

with attributes to define the current

rating and transit time

ProtectedSwitch is a type of Switch that

can be operated by protection

equipment

Switch is a generic class for any piece of

conducting equipment that operates as

a switch in the network and has an

attribute to define whether the switch is

normally open or closed.

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inTransitTime : SecondsBreaker

breakingCapacity : CurrentFlowProtectedSwitch

normalOpen : Boolean

ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow

retained : Boolean

switchOnCount : Integer

switchOnDate : DateTime

Switch



ConductingEquipment is a type of

Equipment that is designed to carry

current or that are conductively

connected to the network and contains

an attribute to denote the phases

Equipment refers to any resource of the

power system that is a physical device,

whether it be electrical or mechanical

PowerSystemResource is used to

describe any resource within the power

system

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inTransitTime : SecondsBreaker

breakingCapacity : CurrentFlowProtectedSwitch

normalOpen : Boolean

ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow

retained : Boolean

switchOnCount : Integer

switchOnDate : DateTime

Switch

ConductingEquipment

Equipment

PowerSystemResource

+ mRID : String+ name : String

IdentifiedObject


Defining Connectivity

IEC 61970-301 uses Connectivity Nodes and Terminals

to define component interconnections

Electrical Components (e.g. Breakers, Loads, Lines) do

not associate directly with each other

Instead any piece of Conducting Equipment has 1 or

more Terminals

The Connectivity Node class represents a zero-

impedance point of connection between Terminals

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Connectivity

Everything that inherits from Conducting Equipment

can have Terminals

A Terminal has an association to a Connectivity Node

A ConnectivityNode can have multiple Terminal

associations

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ConductingEquipment Terminal ConnectivityNode

Terminals0..*

ConnectivityNode0..1

Terminals0..*

ConductingEquipment 1


Interconnections

A simple Single Line

Diagram for a network

portion

Each component has one

terminal and all associate

with a single Connectivity

Node

Load A

Breaker 1ACLineSegment Alpha

ConnectivityNode I

Terminals

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Multiple Terminals

In this example Breaker 1 has two Terminals

Measurements on the Breaker concerning electrical

properties can be assigned to either Terminal

Load A

Breaker 1

ACLineSegment Alpha

ConnectivityNode I

Terminals

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Inheriting Connectivity

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+ mRID : String

+ name : String

IdentifiedObject

+ normalOpen : Boolean

+ ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow

+ retained : Boolean

+ switchOnCount : Integer

+ switchOnDate : DateTime

Switch

PowerSystemResource

Equipment

ConductingEquipment

+ breakingCapacity : CurrentFlow

ProtectedSwitch

+ inTransitTime : Seconds

BreakerLoadBreakSwitch

Terminal

ConnectivityNode

Terminals

0..*

ConnectivityNode

0..1

Terminals

0..*

ConductingEquipment

1

EnergyConsumer Conductor PowerTransformer

ACLineSegment DCLineSegment


Modelling a SubstationTranslating a Substation schematic into CIM components

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Simple Substation in CIM

This is a simple single

line diagram for a

substation stored in an

EMS

These electrical

components can be

mapped to components

from IEC 61970-301

17KV

132KV33KV

Generator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

CT 17KV

Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33

Breaker 33KVBreaker 132KV

Load ALine I

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Simple Substation in CIMThese main components

map directly to one piece

of Conducting Equipment

Generator Alpha also has

a an instance of

GeneratingUnit

This class represents “a

single or set of

synchronous machines

for converting

mechanical power into

alternating-current”

BusbarSection

ACLineSegmentEnergyConsumer

Breaker Breaker

Breaker

SynchronousMachine

17KV

132KV33KV

Generator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

CT 17KV


Breaker33KV Breaker 132KV

Load A Line I

Busbar 17KV

GeneratingUnit

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Transformers

A transformer is not mapped to a single CIM class

It is split down into a number of components with a

single PowerTransformer container class

A two-winding power transformer becomes two

PowerTransformerEnd objects within a

PowerTransformer container

If a tap changer is present to control one of the

windings then an instance of a PhaseTapChanger or

RatioTapChanger class is associated with that

particular winding

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Transformer Classes

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ConductingEquipment

PowerTransformer

TransformerEnd

PowerTransformer0..1

TransformerTankEnd1..*

PowerTransformerEnd0..*

TerminalTerminals0..*

ConductingEquipment1

Terminal1

TransformerEnd0..*

PowerTransformerEnd

PowerTransformer1

TransformerTank

TransformerTankEnd

TransformerTanks0..*

TransformerTanks0..1

TransformerStarImpedance

TransformerCoreAdmittance

TransformerMeshImpedance

TransformerEnd0..*

TransformerEnd0..* FromTransformerEnd

1 ToTransformerEnd1..*

FromMeshImpedance0..* ToMeshImpedance

0..*

StarImpedance0..1

CoreAdmittance0..1


Tap Changers

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TransformerEnd

PhaseTapChanger

TransformerEnd1

TapChanger

RatioTapChanger

PhaseTapChangerNonLinear

PhaseTapChangerLinear

PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical

PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical

TransformerEnd1

PhaseTapChanger0..1

RatioTapChanger0..1


Transformer Mapping

In the example SLD each transformer

results in six CIM objects

The impedance can be modelled as

Mesh or Star in a separate object

The core admittance is similarly

modelled as a separate object

A transformer with a tertiary or

quartiary winding can be

represented as a single

PowerTransformer containing three

or four instances of the

PowerTransformerEnd class

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PowerTransformerEnd

PowerTransformerEnd

PowerTransformer

RatioTapChanger


TransformerCoreAdmittance

Terminal

Terminal


Current Transformer

A current transformer (CT) does not map directly to a

piece of conducting equipment in the CIM hierarchy

for Transmission

In an EMS the CT does not affect the network

behaviour and is represented as a point of

measurement

As such a CT is represented as an instance of

Measurement assigned to a particular Terminal

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Containment

CIM has an EquipmentContainer class that provides a

means of grouping pieces of Equipment together to

represent both electrical and non-electrical

containment

Subclasses of EquipmentContainer include:

VoltageLevel

Bay

Substation

Line

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Substation Containment

Within Substations there is a

containment hierarchy for the

subclasses of

EquipmentContainer

A Bay can contain equipment

A VoltageLevel can contain

equipment and Bays

A Substation can contain

equipment, VoltageLevels and

Bays

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ConductingEquipment

Equipment EquipmentContainer

Substation

VoltageLevel

Bay


ContainmentSubstations (and Lines) are contained

by SubGeographicalRegions

Which in turn are within a

GeographicalRegion

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ConductingEquipment

Equipment EquipmentContainer

Substation

VoltageLevel

Bay

Line

SubGeographicalRegion

GeographicalRegion


Circuit as CIM Objects

17KV

132KV33KV

Generator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

CT 17KV



Load ALine I

ConnectivityNode

Terminal

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Circuit as CIM Objects

17KV

132KV33KV

Generator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

CT 17KV



Load ALine I

ConnectivityNode

Terminal

Load and Breaker in a

33kV VoltageLevel

Breaker in a 132kV

VoltageLevel

ACLineSegment in a

Line

Busbar, Breaker and

SynchronousMachine

in 17kV VoltageLevel

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EnergyConsumer

Breaker33KV

Load A

Breaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage33KV

Breaker132KVBreaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage132KV

Line IACLineSegment

VoltageLevel

BusbarSectionMeasurement

SynchronousMachineGenerator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

GeneratingUnit

Breaker

BaseVoltage17KV


Substation

Circuit as

CIM Objects33kV->17kV

Transformer as a

PowerTransformer

with 2 Windings and a

TapChanger

Same with 132Kv-

>17kV Transformer

VoltageLevels and

PowerTransformers

contained in a

Substation

ConnectivityNode

Terminal

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EnergyConsumer

Breaker33KV

Load A

Breaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage33KV

Breaker132KVBreaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage132KV

Line IACLineSegment

VoltageLevel



Breaker 17KV

GeneratingUnit

Breaker

BaseVoltage17KV

PowerTransformerEnd

PowerTransformerEndRatioTapChanger


TransformerCore

Admittance

PowerTransformerEnd



TransformerCore

Admittance

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Substation

EnergyConsumer

Breaker33KV

Load A

Breaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage33KV

Breaker132KVBreaker

VoltageLevel

BaseVoltage132KV

Line IACLineSegment

VoltageLevel



Breaker 17KV

GeneratingUnit

Breaker

BaseVoltage17KV

PowerTransformerEnd



TransformerCore

Admittance

PowerTransformerEnd



TransformerCore

Admittance

17KV

132KV33KV

Generator Alpha

Breaker 17KV

CT 17KV



Load ALine I


Topological vs ConnectivityNode Breaker/Bus Branch modelling in the CIM

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Topological Nodes

The Equipment model uses Connectivity Nodes and

Terminals to define the connectivity between

components

This represents a Node-Breaker view of the network

familiar to operations systems

In planning applications it is more common to use a

Bus-Branch model that represents buses that are

computed by a Topological Processor

CIM supports both views of the data

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Planning buses

In a bus-branch view of the network there are a

number of buses and interconnecting branches

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Operational Buses

An operational view of the same network shows switches

between the bus bar sections

Different switch configurations will result in different bus

configurations

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Operational Buses

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Operational Buses

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Operational Buses

Depending upon the purpose of the exchange a utility

may be required only to export these computed

Topological Nodes rather than the detailed network

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Topological Node Connectivity

The Topological Node connectivity is defined in the

same way as that of the Connectivity node

A Terminal can have one or more Topological Node

associations

This is the Equipment on the edge of the Topological

Node (e.g. EnergyConsumer, ACLineSegment,

SynchronousMachine)

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Load A

ACLineSegment BetaACLineSegment Alpha

Topological Node I

Terminals


Summary

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Summary

The CIM Equipment Profile defines the components in

the network model and the connectivity

This is the core of the electrical network model

defining a model that represents the state of the

network at a single point in time

To this static model Steady State Hypothesis and

Measurement data can be applied to alter the

characteristics of components for a given scenario

Connectivity and Topological Nodes behave in a

similar way but represent different levels of detail for

the network

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