Cigarette Smoke and Disease
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Transcript of Cigarette Smoke and Disease
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Cigarette Smoke and Disease
Epidemiological Evidence
Experimental Evidence
Early Death
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Proving the links between
smoking and lung disease Serious widespread smoking did not start
until the second half of the 20th century.
In the 1950s there was a lung cancerepidemic.
There are now over 35,000 deaths per year
from lung cancer. In general, 50% of smokers die from a
smoking related disease.
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Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease This is where chronic bronchitis and
emphysema occur at the same time.
The disease is responsible for 30,000+
deaths a year in the UK.
It is very rare in non-smokers.
98% of people with emphysema are
smokers!!!
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Some more statistics
Smokers are 18 time more likely to develop
lung cancer than non-smokers.
25% of smokers die of lung cancer.
It takes ten years for lungs to recover after a
long period of smoking.
One third of all cancer deaths are a direct
result of smoking.
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Men
Increase in smokers 1911-1941Deaths for cancer correlate
20 year lag
Women
Sharp increase in smokers 1941-1975Deaths for cancer correlate
20 year lag
Overall
Smoking causes lung cancerin both men and women
Prediction for 2011?
Figure 14.4
The Smoking epdemic
consumption of cigarettes and
deaths from lung cancer in the UK between 1911-1991
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Experimental Evidence
Dogs were used!
Mice were used!
Vital research that should save lots of
human lives!
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The Dog Experiments
One group of dogs were made to smokefiltered cigarettes.
They did not get lung cancer but didproduce cancerous cells in the lining of theirairways and mouths.
One group of dogs were made to smokefilter-less cigarettes.
They did get lung cancer.
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The Smoking Machine
Experiments Smoking machines extracted the chemicals
in smoke.
Carcinogens and co-carcinogens were found
in the tar.
When the tar was rubbed on the back of a
mouse. The skin formed cancerous cells!!!
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The Trends of Smoking
Developed world?
Developingworld?
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Atherosclerosis
A cardiovascular disease
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Atherosclerosis
This is where too much cholesterol has been
taken and is stored in the arteries causing
them to narrow.
If an artery to the heart is blocked a heart
attack could occur.
If an artery to the brain is blocked then astroke could occur.
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more!
Cholesterol travels in packages calledlipoproteins.
There are low density lipoproteinsthatdeliver cholesterol around the body.
There are high density lipoproteinsthat
remove cholesterol from the blood stream. Cholesterol is essential but in the right
amounts!!
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