CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC:Research Results from 2014-2015

9th ASFN meeting, Lake Inle, 4-5 June 2015

CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC

CIFOR is undertaking research on swidden systems and livelihoods to understand their relevance for REDD+, and how swidden communities can participate meaningfully in, and benefit from REDD+.

Provide solid evidence on social forestry systems and its contributions to ASEAN countries’ social, economic, and ecologic objectives in response to climate change.

Generate new knowledge and understanding of social forestry, food security and climate change.

Share knowledge and contribute to capacity building in ASEAN.

Approach and Methods

Generating new knowledge and understanding of forest and fallow management, food security and climate change in swidden systems by

Providing a deeper understanding of how existing horizontal and vertical social networks can serve to enhance opportunities and diminish obstacles for forest communities to participate meaningfully in and benefit from REDD+ and/or PES

Providing analysis of how the forest management systems of shifting cultivators contribute to local people's livelihoods, food security and their implications for carbon trajectories in the landscape

Providing a deeper understanding of the migration and multi-locality of swiddenhouseholds and communities and how their existing social networks influence information and resource exchange, and implications for REDD+

through social network analyses, land use change and carbon stock mapping, livelihood assessments, policy network analysis of adaptation and mitigation

THINKING beyond the canopy

Key research results (1): governance and networks in swidden systems

• Swidden communities are experienced in responding appropriately to external drivers of change

• Even seemingly remote rural households and communities are embedded in multiple social networks that link people, institutions and places

Moeliono et al. Local Governance, Social Networks and REDD+ : Lessons from two swidden communities in Vietnam, Submitted to journal.

Networks of swidden related information exchange: Lay

Networks of swidden related information exchange: Que

Key research results (1): governance and networks in swidden systems

Swidden communities are experienced in responding appropriately to external drivers of change

Even seemingly remote rural households and communities are embedded in multiple social networks that link people, institutions and places

REDD+/PES schemes require MRV (information sharing) and benefit (and cost) sharing architectures

Swidden communities and related governance systems are highly diverse, formal and informal elements - dominance and relevance depending on multiple factors

Moeliono et al. Local Governance, Social Networks and REDD+ : Lessons from two swidden communities in Vietnam, Submitted to journal.

Key research results (2): Mapping land use dynamics and carbon stocks in swidden

landscapes

The dynamism of swidden systems and their implications for carbon stocks is not well understood

Land cover classes :Swidden Bush Fallow Young Fallow Mature FallowForest Other

Implications of dynamic land use patterns of swiddenagriculture on carbon stocks

Without substantive land use change to permanent mono-crop agriculture, swiddenlandscapes can maintain fairly stable above-ground carbon stocks.The decline of total carbon stocks from conversion would be more pronounced if below-ground carbon is included.

Anandadas et al. Spatio-temporal studies on land use and land cover change and biomass in swidden landscapes of Southeast Asia, in review.

Social networks and rural-urban linkages (for example through migration) are key for people to respond to a changing environment and opportunities

People migrate for jobs, to take part in forest product and crop booms, state policies (transmigration, upland settlement)

Review to understand how migration affects labor availability and remittances, and how this in turn affects forests and land use

Still remains an under-studied area

Key results (3): Understanding rural population movements

Knowledge gaps for future research:

How could remittances be redirected towards rural landscape development and forest management?

In which ways do migration, remittances and access to information and technology contribute to/change swidden and agriculture practices?

How effective are migration and remittances as risk-coping and adaptive strategies for climate and other environmental change?

Key results (3): Understanding rural population movements

Knowledge sharing contributions to ASFN events, ASFCC partner learning events,

international, national and subnational policy arenas, and at the local level, to communicate our research findings in collaboration with the

ASFN secretariat

Activities in 2014-2015

Policy development and capacity building Partnerships developed with REDD+ Office and National University

of Laos – scholarships provided to 2 MSc students

Literature review on the relevant policies and measures influencing social forestry initiatives in Indonesia (ongoing)

Review of policies related to community forestry development in Vietnam (ongoing)

• National Research to Policy Forum (Maize Commercialization and Livelihood Transition in Huaphan Province, Lao PDR), Vientiane, Dec 17-18

• Contributions at ASOF

Activities in 2014-2015

Knowledge sharing and communication Carbon-Land-Property conference (Factors influencing swidden

farmers’ access to information and resources in Kalimantan, Indonesia), Copenhagen, July 1-4

APO/ASEAN Forum on Mitigating Negative Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture (Linkages between Forests, Agriculture and Local Forest Management for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation), Bali, 30 Sept – 3 Oct

Knowledge workshop at Universiti Tanjung Putra, Pontianak, May 28

Contributions at ASFCC partner learning events

Activities in 2014-2015

Research and knowledge generation Analysis of existing data of how existing horizontal and vertical

social networks can affect local community participation in REDD+ or PES

– 1 paper submitted to journal (Moeliono et al.)

– Analyses ongoing for 3 papers

Literature review of migration and remittances within rural landscapes of SE Asia, “Reworking the Land” published as CIFOR working paper (Cole et al.)

Land use and carbon mapping of swidden landscapes across all ASFCC sites completed – to be published as CIFOR working paper (Anandadas et al.)

Activities planned for 2015-2016

Policy development and capacity building Complete reviews of social forestry policies in Vietnam and

Indonesia

Formulate collaborative research partnership with UniversitiTanjung Putra, West Kalimantan

Contribute to ASOF

Knowledge sharing and communication Proposed communications training for ASFN partners and media

Contribute to ASFCC partner learning events and country-level knowledge sharing

Presentation of research results at the World Forestry Congress, Durban

Activities planned for 2015-2016

Research and knowledge generation on migration in swidden systems and REDD+

Methods training, field work and data collection:

Indonesia: review of selected traditional social forestry systems, changing governance systems and flows of migration and remittances

Laos (i) assessments of migration and remittances, and (ii) use of biodiversity (NTFPs) in swidden-fallow landscapes

Vietnam: assessments of migration and remittances

CIFOR ASFCC team

Christine PadochGrace WongMaria BrockhausMoira MoelionoPham Thu ThuyIndah WatyCynthia MaharaniBimo DwisatrioLe Ngoc DungRobert Cole, PhD student, NUSMaarit Kallio (currently with Univ

of Helsinki)Willy Daeli, IPBKharisma Tauhid, IPB

Lao partners:Kinnalone Phoummasack, DOF Lamphoue Xayvongsa, NUOLSaithong Phoummavong, NUOLKhamphet Phoumany, NUOL

Indonesia partners:Riak Bumi teamIPB

Vietnam partners:Le Manh Thang. MARDDistrict forestry officers, village

and commune leaders in NgheAn and Son La

THANK YOU!

For more information: http://www.cifor.org/asfcc/