Ciclo estral
Transcript of Ciclo estral
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CICLO ESTRALFenómeno rítmico con períodos de
receptividad sexual
Estro
Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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POLIESTRICA ESTACIONAL
Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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ESTRO
• Periodo de
receptividad
sexual
• Ovulación
(algunas especies)
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SIGNOS DE ESTRO
Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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HORMONAS DURANTE EL CICLO ESTRAL
Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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Dr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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• The primordial follicles constitute the pool of quiescent follicles from which the female will recruit follicles for growth and ovulation for the rest of her reproductive life.
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D: Secondary follicle. The oocyte (1) is surrounded by a multilayered granulosa cell compartment (2), and thestromal cells have initiated the formation of the theca layers (3). The insert shows a detail from the oocyte-granulosa cell interface with granulosa cells projections (4) penetrating the developing zona pellucida (5). The granulosa cell projections form gap junctional contact with the oocyte (6). 7: Oocyte Golgi complex. E: Small tertiary follicle presenting the antrum (1) and theoocyte located in the cumulus oophorus (2). F: Large tertiary follicle presenting the oocyte in the cumulus oophorus (1) and the granulosa cell layer (2) surrounding the antrum. Theca interna (3) and externa (4) have differentiated and are separated from the granulosa cells by the basement membrane (6).
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Desarrollo folicular• Como crecen los folículos ?
·Muchos a la vez, en diferentes oleadas (ondas)
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• Vacas– 2 a 4 oleadas
• Ovejas– 1 a 3 oleadas
• Yegua– 2 a 3 oleadas
• Cerdas– 2 a 3 oleadas
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• Durante cada ciclo estral, algunos de los folículos preantrales y sus ovocitos reinician su desarrollo
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Desarrollo folicular
•Destino de los folículos–Reserva–Atresia–Ovulación
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DINAMICA FOLICULAR O FOLICULOGÉNESIS
• Es el proceso de crecimiento contínuo y regresión de folículos que conduce al desarrollo de folículos preovulatórios.
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Cada oleada va precedida por un pico de FSH D
iám
etr
o (
mm
)
Días desde la ovulación en la vaca
Con
cen
tració
n (n
g/m
L)
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– La desviación o divergencia folicular es un evento importante en el proceso de selección, se refiere a una diferencia notoria en la tasa de crecimiento entre los dos folículos más grandes
– La divergencia durante la oleada folicular empieza con una reducción en la tasa de crecimiento de los folículos subordinados, en contraste, se presenta una tasa de crecimiento constante en el Folículo Dominante.
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Divergencia folicular (selección)
F. dominante
Desviación
FSH
Número de días después de la detección del futuro f. dominante de 4 mm
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• En vacas, se ha observado que la divergencia folicular inicia cuando el diámetro de las dos estructuras mayores es de 8.5 mm, 3 días después de iniciada la oleada, aproximadamente
Diá
metr
o (
mm
)
Divergencia
F. dominante
F. subordinado
Número de días desde la emergencia
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• En yeguas la
desviación folicular se
presenta cuando el
diámetro folicular es
de 22.5 mm, 6 días
posteriores al inicio
de la oleada
Diá
metr
o (
mm
)
F. dominante
F. subordinado
Días desde la emergencia folicular
Desviación
FSH
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• El FD continúa creciendo hasta que pierde su dominancia, se hace atrésico, y otro grupo de folículos crece e inicia una nueva oleada.
• Si la fase de dominancia coincide con la luteólisis, este FD será el folículo ovulatorio– de esta manera, el control hormonal del desarrollo folicular parece ser
llevado a cabo de una manera orquestada por hormonas secretadas por el hipotálamo, la hipófisis y los ovarios.
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Características del folículo dominante y del subordinado de la primera oleada folicular del ciclo estral bovino
Característica del folículo F. Dominante F. Subordinado
Diámetro (mm) 9.7 6.7
Estradiol el fluido folicular (ng/mL) 865 9.8
Estradiol secretado en pared (ng/ mg de tejido)
29.3 1.5
RNAm (unidades arbitrarias) para:
rFSH (granulosa) 84 42
rLH (teca) 64 23
Aromatasa (granulosa) 70 2
17 -hidroxilasa (teca) 64 35
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• Evidencias recientes indican la participación del
sistema de las IGFs en la selección de los FD
– Se cree que juegan un papel autocrino y
paracrino en bovinos
• > crecimiento celular
• > producción de estradiol
• > sensibilidad de las células de la granulosa a
la FSHDr. José Luis Espinoza V.
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• El reinicio de la meiosis
resulta de la desaparición de
un efecto inhibitorio ejercido
por las células del folículo
sobre el ovocito
– Coincide con la pérdida
de las células de la
granulosa y otras que
estaban alrededor del
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Cuantos folículos se desarrollan?
• Depende de factores genéticos y
medioambientales
– Yegua y vaca = 1
– Cerda = 10 a 25
– Oveja y cabra = 1 a 3
• La productividad en algunas especies depende de
la tasa ovulatoria
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• La tasa ovulatoria puede estar influenciada
por:
– administración de hormonas exógenas,
– factores medioambientales (nutrición) y
– genéticos.
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• Existen algunos genes que pueden conducir a un incremento en la tasa ovulatoria
Booroola Meishan
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OVULACIONLiberación del óvulo del folículo maduro
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EVENTOS CELULARES
• Solamente las células del cúmulus ancladas en la zona pelúcida permanecen rodeando al ovocito y constituyendo la corona radiada
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• Cuando el ovocito se libera de las células de la granulosa, se reinicia la meiosis II
• 4 horas después del pico de gonadotropinas
EVENTOS CELULARES
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LH
OVULACION
CUERPO LUTEO
LUTEINIZACION
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CUERPO LUTEO
• Es una glándula
transitoria que produce
progesterona y se
requiere para el
establecimiento y
mantenimiento de la
gestación
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• Un candidato en la regulación de
la secreción de P4 por la LH es una
molécula transportadora de COL
(StAR)
• La activación de la proteína cinasa
A incrementa la cantidad de StAR
y este fenómeno al parecer
estimula el transporte de COL al
interior de la mitocondria
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LUTEOLISIS
• Lisis o muerte del CL– Pérdida de la capacidad para secretar P4– Pérdida de las células que lo forman
• Depende de la presencia del útero– PGF2α
• Efecto local– Contracorriente
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Cual es la señal que inicia la secreción de PGF2α???
• Recientemente se ha propuesto que secreción lútea de PGF2α amplifica la señal luteolítica de una manera autocrina o paracrina
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Como actúa la PGF2α????• Reduce el flujo de sangre al CL
– < nutrientes– < substratos para esteroidogénesis– < soporte luteotrópico
• Las células endoteliales de los capilares en el tejido lúteo expresan receptores para PGF2α– En este lugar actúa la PGF2α
• Causa degeneración de las células del endotelio– Reduce densidad capilar
» < flujo de sangre al parénquima lúteo» Apoptosis
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