CIA Oig Report

8/14/2019 CIA Oig Report

1/234

ACLU 2004 Remand DocumentsCIA OT.G Le!asesL. TQOA CIA OIG RePort2. A7 March 2003 CIA business Plandscussing RDI Program IOIG Vaughn #Other-2 9 l3. 31 January 2003 Draft psychologicalassessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #Other-3 9 l4. 2A November 2OO2 Spot' report dscussinginterrogation of *l-Ntuhiri IOIG Vaughn #Other- 6 3 l5 . 24 ,July 2AOZ Draft psychologicalassessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #Other- 7 L l6. Undat'ed certsifieaton sheet used innterrogation lraning toI Vaugihn #Other- 93 lT.Undatedblank.'EnhancedPressures',sheetused for waterboard training [OfG VaughnOther-10318. 17 JuIy 2003 intervew wth a senior CIAofficer regarding CI' RDI Program IOIGVaughn # rnterview-B3l


2/234

9. 22 January 2003 Email with att'ached spotrport regarding interrogation of a1-NaEhiri IOIG Vaughn # Emai1-L96l


3/234

lt ). ,:::^ l t!t--:-J-'.4-'.., . r,''.'.!.!-::-="1tii'}:+;,;'-;';1';' :'z : := "' "' l.:H:i:Li'::lt:!;"2:a:i ; '1": :t: l t1:'"' ': i'!'

j1.': x| ':


4/234

cfA toAN col'YDONOTCOFYl',.

Centr al Intellgence "4gencyInspector General

INTERRO GATION ACTIVI'IIES(SEPTEMBER 2001 _ OCTOBER 2OO3)Qaas-7723-lGl7 Dl.fay 2A04

SpscIALRnvluw

COUNTERTERRORISM DETENTION AND

copy !


5/234

TABLE OT CONTENTS PageINTRoDucrION.""""""""""""""" """"1SIJMM4RY..,.....,.....r"""""' """""2BACKGROUND T''r"r'"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""' 9DIS CUSsToN .'.......,.,"""""""""""'r"""r"'r """"r"r""""""""" 1LGTNSSOFPOST}IITAGENCYDETEI\rfiONANDJ.I.J1'ERROGfiONACNTI1.,S""""""""""t""r"."'r ""'i'r""""' """""17

TTTE.vAPTLTREoFBuZunnwattltN"DEVLoPMENTorEITS,,.',,,,,,.'12Dol rccal.4.N'{LYsrs """^16

NorrcrTOAI.IDcoNstIlTrIoNwrrr.IExncurlwNDCoNGRESSIONLOFFICL{LS """"""""" """"'23GupcroNcrr-Iryu[RE/DETENnoN'^ANDINTERRoG'{floN""""'t"""'24.......,.....,...25

,..,.,,,,,.27DCI Confinernent Guidelines"""" """"DCI Interrogation Guicl'e1nes"""""""" ""'29Medical Guidelines """"""""Training for Interrogatons"" """""""""""31"rrrxuo N a^,n arrrRJto G'{uoN o P ER'4TI os A'rfL-n

T'r-seI{FT/


6/234

i..:'.:.--ir::;.:.:..1 -; I

,,.,..,.,.46

575861.6567

Sp..iii. Unauthori ze#, orUndocumented Techniques ..,""',""69

TFEeRBI/


7/234

Fssgr/

-.^\6 t"t"t"'82'\w ;itvncL suPPo RT To INTERRo GATI oNs " " "' " " " r " " r " "' a.Errr,crwnllr.s """"' """t'QrPotrcycoNslDEfutToNslr}II)coNCEItIvsREG.ARDIT\GrrrrDerrvrolvu frsreRnoc'afloNl)Rocrt'q,lr"' """""""""""91

Policy Consideratione """"""""'92ConcerneoverParticipationintheCTCPrograrrr.,.'..'....,......'.'94ENl:e.,tn, """"""""" """"95CONCLUSIONS"""""""': """"L00RECOMMENDATIONS"""""""""" "" 106APFENDTCESA. Proceclures ancl ResortrcesB. Chronology of Significant Events

C. Menrorandurn for Joh, Rizza,Acting ceneal coursel of theceniral Intelligence A geircy, ", - lr'trtro gation of an Al-Qa',idaOPerative, L Attgust 2002D.DClGuidelinesonConfurementCorrdirionsforCl,\Detainees,28 JanuarY 2003 ations Cond,,tludPME. DCI Guideiines oq!

Psessr/


8/234

*-".**-:.:I,:,i:ii::.,..:;.:-'','.:..,=.:g#:',r.^.'**:-......

TCTr,.s$REt/

F. Draft office of Medical services Guidelines on Medical andPsychological tupport to Detainee hrterrogations, 4 September2003

io%BBeRBr/


9/234

Y:i.;i{;!i,.i:+:r",;x:';r::'ti l!--.::.,.+'.:t -- ,.,lt*i : - :,t.-, :l:.*"t'

isnatc;;;;'^*'). He "*:qt::13triffi ;;;;**techninues,fff 1;f ';:',Abd AI-Rahim r-s.riri, ^t uoot',.rJoreign site, ancl requested that

OFNCEOF INSP CTAR GEMER'AL

SpgctAL REvIEwcouNTERTERRo RI sM :J"l*t I o N AN"

i;titi.anoNagY3t3,1( t #;ffi"tilt t1 : 9 g.t B ER 2 o o 3 )(2003-7123'IG)7 MaY 2004

",*"Hl;Grrff il*jikii:trffi "'tnt tlt" Agency had estabusneq i:::::i"';;.';; ubro^d ('the CTCCent e r to de tain ;;" s.^T-X1l i: :i :::" Til*"uc*u o " u

INTRODUCTICIN

Turs$lsu


10/234

ii;t:.ade:i.:.:.:...::-.i l.ij;i.'i:.;.., -, .. _,j_.t:.-;*:.:''rr'::.ii;'.i?.;...::i:..:i:&4-:-

directlyAgency

oIG irvestigate. Separately, oIG received in.forrnation that SomeemPloyeeswereconcernedthatcertaincovertAgencyactivties.atanoverseas detention and interrogation site night involve violations ofhrunari rights, In ]anuary 20A3,OIG initiated a review of ABencY

i :-r ii:#l%iTt_.*,:irr:i+1 ;i:1!!l-i,#il*l--:::iL:::!i:ii":

%=ne*s-r/

counterteirorism deteltion angj tion activities!and the incident rvith

SUMMARY

Guantanatno EaY,

;igrr-td resPonsibilitY f o rmplementi4g*p.--tGadetentiona-ufl ':1gnlf"i:-"1fti..i, ; $i'.;b Counterte'rorist Center (D/CTC). Wheit U'S', -,- r^r^r*:--.i-.1ir{rr.:le in Afc.hanistan affd atrrrIitary forces u"e* dtgililg$$li9l3%ithe

'lll and i*terrogateb-.t-"f suspt" teriorists. The caph'e andjnitialint rrogution of the firsi high value detainee' Abu Zubaydah'ro-\QAppendixAaddressesthePioceduresandResourcesthatolGemployedinconducting this Review. The Review does not address

rendition^s condttcted by the Agency or

-

2 ("epp*dixB is a chronology or6iri"t e"."ts th^t occurred dqrng the period of this

Al-Nashiri.l T -lQ

Trse*sf,/


11/234

II{

iIttII{ii,ll{iIt_iit'- ;,l;':'t=i;:

T\:E$RETJinMarch2002' presented the Agency with a t'tf"'l:t dilernma'aiil" ;s. ^:r *^, '';*'*: ;i*""*1-'* '' i *'additional terronst l-l'I: ^ ?*il"ir*tui .o"r not be obtaine$"drti'".H:,tHIi#i.-.'".,n ju,,.vcf f icialsbelieved that a *;;; robttst "pP;tit;u' "ttt"*y to elicit tlueatiforrnatio" r'o^'eZ*"iatn *a fottiuly from other sentort-q"r; hi gh value detainees';,:ffi :,,f:j;:,Hi'*'iiffi ::'""i:ffiil.":i:i*f '"t;5-;;g#if;;'^ii''",ri" 1: :: :ff il:,:ffi,ifl ;:ffi ; . ; e rh at A!Qa'i d ainterrogation atoersorurel tl"a u" ""*ed in the u'u of "iittance'techniques/no ther .r.,, u.,J" ,,. ra.y.r '- u" rll: ltil"oJlii"l'.il - r"ffi ::Ii:ffi ]tfl$;t*ifu::f,*m1".*

'"n-tot"',if.":il*;"'ra-"ti*tookplaceagainstuse on [tbuZtm*kr#***;';k$ n* r;:"':r':r.":iH:'?1* ii * ;i;'"*u n*J f omm'n*Y6,*,t-i-"?-":'il;Jtri{-the lead in determiniug and d(consfrainrs f r interrogations.';fu ted iapendent research

t.

"l"i;i;ig" "f such threats' but to have utargets/detainees'

TEgEI/


12/234

hsne*suand consuitecl extensivly with Department of ustice (Dof andNational security courci (NSC) legal and policystaJf. working withDoJ,s Office of Lgal Counsel (OLC), OGC determi'ed that in inostinstances rele'ranto the coqg!1!rror!n detention andinterro gation activities lhe crimiiral prohibitionagainsitorh*e,18 U.S.C. 2940-n408, is the conholling legal

. constai:rt on interrogations of detainees outside the United States' InAugust Z1gZ,DoJ prvided to the Agency a legalopinion in which itdetrmined that 10 specific "Enhanced InterrogationTechniques" -(Ems) would. not'vioiate the torfue protribition. Jhis workprovideclthe foundation for the policy and adminislrative decisions that guideLhe CTC Progranr.

By Novemb et 2002, the AgenSY had Abu:lr- value detainee,'Abd Al-RahjtAl-Nashiri, in custod

provided medical care to the detainees'


13/234

;ffikx[""t*" r autuLtes in ca]rles'ro,tls deviatronswith onefrom aPProvecl Procecirom aPprovecl Proceaur.:re respect to twonotable exception descrired ^ tl^"j-,1-^r1%,"rv of one'Elt, the:ffi :r:;ffii:::":,J"'q"::'?:ffi*:etair-rees at those slres/ Ltr'E upv "'^'- *d"r" f tt',u technique asnulourd, went beyoncl th:,P:"lt:l-^., ^n ?e 'u1v 2003, secu:ffi Fi'"Hil::iiii'..^s*inf:Jif #f."trifiriginally describect to LJoJ' rre #bvr'r-J"r .t. ""t significant fororal Do] concurrence that ef1l der;;0.;t of DoJ's legal oPinions'


14/234

1-5. Agency efforts to provide systematic,and Interrogatiori Program was jnadeqult_e at firstbub haveimproved cnsiderabfly a*tg the life of the Program as problemshave been id.entified. and. adclressed. cTC implemented frainingprograurs for interr guto6 and. d.ebriefers.6 f oreover, building uPonp"tiot al ad legaiguidalce previouslysent to the field,the DCIclear *.a *@ to thoseinvolved inihe CTC. Detention

terrns infezroga tion/interr'olgatia lnU"rf' gldebreJer intercttang""Uly' The use of these tems hassince evolve and, today,-C1C more cbrlf distinguishes their meanings' A debriefer engages adetairee solely througtr-questiott and aruruer. An interrogator is a person rvho completes alrvo-week interrogtionsir**g program.which is designed to tfain, quali$r, and certif apefson to adminis-terEnr: Arnrtator canadminjstr EITs during an,interrogation of ae!inee only after the field, in coordiiationwith I'Ieadguartes, assses the detainee asrvitlrholcting inJormation. An inteogator tlansitions re detainee from anon'cooperative to acooperativJphase in order that a debefer can elicit actionable intelligence throghror,-uggr.rr.re techniques duringdebrefing session. An interrogator may debrief a detaineedu_rin[n intenogation; howevei, a debriefer may not interrogate a detainee.

TPEEeB*TI


15/234

.:1, '7 -', -,. 'i-. ':t.::r'+-z:=:.' ,:'' i .#-.r,,!=1,#*il

on28Januarvzooas,q.,l*,,1#,;Ir":",ir'rf iffiffifor ClA DrEr'sUpporting interrogo*t'"- -r--- of -tlie

tA. t definitely if approPnre rar:*'.1.*';:"t':m:i*i;i5i+5'*#i:fr:ri;il:ni"i'*",i,:ii:ff:in''andamonsNsc'

Joracce of r.qoffi,il fi"ld tg obtain specific Headquarters"T;;"-*i#f:ff f ',#f*1":i:'ffi "Guidelines are'anGuicleline, * 'n"iJ';-"" ;* tu*t "'uttantal room formisinterpretationPaJ";;;;';'vcletentiona^dlt tuttogdon activities'"r,.-tt,i ffi :fl* n:H +lltx:u':g:itr i:ii'r'" * " rhe crc nr"g'"o ''J'" t*,,#;;;;' of th3usa'ds ori*dividuaf irrr.ffi*u reports arrd ffi]roclucis supporting thecounte rteuo'i"ou"=rt' *''ir u's' p outy*uteis an d militarycommrders'tT F# #',,'l ffitiffi # **I-nterrogaton ProAdminis E aon "ffi; ffi ot aiu., / ;'';'Pii l "^* previous A gency*r*yandruresff;;"il""itr'tri1"fr llllllllllllll:?,iff"'trS'ff i#tr',::i':'.T'iilffi l#::'::ers'personarreputation', "' *"; ilt;tPo'i* "d efectiveness of the Agenryitself.

rs$n'Eu


16/234

i'.#=;i!--rt..:g:i:.:,,.i1.:i11tr:. j j:,.:: j.,

PsEeREr/Defense Deparlmenf, and. ]ustice Deparlment officials, no decisionson any "endgarne" for Agency detainees have been made. seniorAgency officals see th.is as a policy issue for the U.S. Governmenttuth.t thun a CIA issue. Even wTth Agency intiatives to address theendgame with policymakers, some detainees who carmot beprosecuted will likely rernain n CIA custody indefinitely.

19. The Agency faces potentially seriou.slong-term poltical and legal challenges as a result of the CTCDetention anci Interrogation Program, particularly its use of EITs anclthe inabiliby of the U.9. Gover:rrment to decide what it will ultimatelyclo with terroristsrdetainect by the Agency.24. This Review makes anumber ofrecomlnendations that are designed to sfrengthen the managenrentand conduct of Agency detention and intefrogation activities.Atthough the DCI Guideljnes were an in'rportant step forward, theyrvere only designed to address the CTC Pro


17/234

.!+:' :. ii:. ir-*:*.,' ''#, " '*#*i{*;*r"-'ft= tt':*'-'-'&.'

TT"s$"ErJ

22 rq q:rT*iii"*:,,'idi"''i:"*nrcrrogation of irhe urted states. i* ,l-" vi"E "* w;' Ag:"q pesorrrrelii:*#.*::**Tf#*:i{"*il''d-"teachingi,lterrogoatiil*'i""11t:i:t"31i.*i";ipri*i'ur.;"il;d; to foster foreign liaison resensitivitiesthe'r"6D*":iili"'#t.**:ru.:':iotU^" AgencY officers from usmfT,;;uri.rl* tr'haining Progra.:r1 cLe%r6'rrvu " -intero gtion techniques'I

{IIIiq

23. lS) !\ 1984' O19,j'*t'-1T1"U allegationt':f Tittonduct onrt: -^-at ""t,'rlfr,.blli .--rt.,:r

BACKGOUND

ffi


18/234

interr o gations, debrie f in gs, an d hum an rights issues' Hea d'quar terssent officers to brief statins and Bases and provided cable guidanceto tlr.e field.24. lS) In 1986, the Agency endd the HE-training Programbecause oi ailee"Uons of human rights abuses in Latin America'

which iemains in effect, ePlains -gency'sgeneralinterrogationpolicy:


19/234

l.ii:,:.., .t.: -. -'- .. ' :*13i, ::F1++t::t:'":'-:"*r

vernentffig!*dd

p"s$Rr/DISCUSSION

GTNESTS OF PO ST 9 I 11 AONICY DETETTON IND T{IEXRO G,4TIO NACTTVITTES

I

I

zZ. [57f$R) The DCI delegated responsibiry forimpie men " *" i:,':' i"u": ;*:; :;:; ::i J *''t.#ij:i:il.!@ ;"= -er A s encv c o rnp onents'inclucling OGC, C7 (u//Eouo) DoI takes thepositionth::::-c,:ffi1;i#;:Xl*J,'"i'$i'li*-tn"i e-toJJ I cnstitrttional authoriry to oraer

%-sREs/


20/234

28. To assist Agut y. offliulg *1'.iffit3%lnderstand the sco researchecl, analyzed, andwrot "draft" papellon mglg issues. These includeddsctrssions ofshared these

"draft" papers rvith Agency officersn'Trrr cnrn or.ru ZwAw,+H At:{D DEwLoPMEvr or EITs

30. Fqn) The caphrre of senior Al-Qa'ida operativeAbrr Zubaydah on 27 March 2002 presented the Agency with theopportunily to obtai:r actionable intelligence on fuhre threats to theUnited States flom the nrost senior AI-Qalda member in U'S. custodyat that !ime. This accelerated CIA's deve ent of an intenosation

TFs${rgv


21/234

TraRsrJ

'Io treat the severe wotrnds.thatAbu31. lTsl-." *:::- .dedhimZubaydah,of f ."ffih*iT3:'i:f :iiffi questiorubaydah suffered upon rtrs {-avru*ii""l"f.a his ouestioningi";i"" meclical carefrom 9*":T^*, ,r'rro Aencv *tJt utt.*uri:.ffiffiff1;xiJill"ff J"yrr::s:i.hi:.,1":=ffi tt.*'ig"te a 9u 3ub lvgil nonnon-PhYsical elicitationffi-rwithho ffi ent thr at information' vclh"dJ,T" i;lH^#;;:*d;;;. irnl 'T"-" Prosraln' uo-rs'a--;' r -rvrite a paper "^;;;sirtuo. io iritu"ogation teclmiques'l3##fififfor-ntemeastlr(rechnques: A ;i'; r'oininsffi;:": j:'sequentiv' thetwo psychorg"' tJ"Ped a[sof new and more aggressive ElTsthat they ru.o***ud fr use ininterrogations'

i: "o#,11"'u.1o,,u, o,egency (rpRA). lu,*,,,*'u"'toi^i*'io* [tr]'.$:iilT"3#rJ "rr*.au,1ri"l1-^':ffi ,ll.i;1mnr;';q"H{i;,tfly.fr '*:il',"i}-onerations forces $'ho a;iriffi;;t"ught h* to svive invadous terr;;;"1, aird conduct themsel'es to preve'vJar.


22/234

rr.9:---:1'....L=i_-V-zjtL;--;.' ,i.-=i :, :, i !;,.tr. .,,, u,...i;g*:j::i::r:ssi:=.::;jr_iiri,.:ii'ifti :::::-:.:. *

Ur. gE) CIA,'_OTS obrainect data on ti use of theprCI posed Em#ftili otential l ong-terrn P-sTchglogical ef fects onetairees. OTS input waibased in part on information solicited froma number .of psyct oloSis and knowledgeable acaclemics in the areaof psychopathologY.P ",, ":,;Hffi .': i:ffiiJ ?:3if ilSERE training aIlcl'aty subequent psy,choiogical effects on sbudents'DoD/IpRA cnciude no long-terni psychological. effects resulteclfrom use of the EITs, including the most taxing technique' thewaterboard, on SEI,E students-.r The OTS analysis rvas used by OGCin evaluating the iegality of teclrniques'

35. tlS[ Eleve. EIT were proposecl for adoptioni the CTC Interrffi%rogram. As proposed, use of EITs wouldbe subject to a co*jpete^t eva'uadon of-themedical anct psychologicalstate oi the d.etaine. fnu Agency elirninatecl one proposeclt.J*iqn.*rio t"ttttir.g rroT n9l mi.tfr::?::lddetay ti u t"fiGiilifoilowing textbox identfies the l0 EITsthe Agency described to DoJ.

14 l\lccorcling to in


23/234

.l:l-!':: '':::.:.'

Enlran cecl Interrogation Techniques

H:i"i::ili#ff ri:,'i!'trf ^fr'trx#ft:f :;":ili:'same motior,r ag the grasp, the detainee is dlal .r ^...r lhpn ouickly i" :,--i: #k**ig;u***;;**t***,*It #firnrlY Pushcd into- ;i* *.;"*'***'*"' *",l,#i:f':':{Places an oPen Palht gettips are kept weu awa)' -^..^.,r arrart. Theo with rrre raciar "i:"*fflXt"'-i:Jffi"ri:,1f1..:tJ'".t"f'f"'Iiiiuuut"i"""t'iltr'i iiii"ru.tt'u "o"u'p onci in s e a rrob e',rncrarnpe'r':*:ffi lff "i'"',i:'itjii''f, 'Xj:"$::T;*" ,l "i r?'gt Plo'I.,ours and in une rarglr t-piit" tat uP to 18 hotus'no

''torethan rw

uolve placng a hanrrlessinsect n the boxo Insects place{ in a confinementrox in'. ;T,iii"* *:ff :fu ,.r,jft""ffi m,***1""i'ts feet sPread aPP";;li;' *'.1",#::ff 'T;o.d, oi iuu tcletainee is not allc ' i - -: ^ r'arrin the detainee sit o* the Jloor+ .r h e a pp rica rionoii.;J"ljl iii ? ff 1*"l"ii ff #jt t 'u ou u r'i'" ;i,h i' legs extended:T::j,-"iir* il";t a 45 clesee angle'l-read or toreelin6 on the floor lvhile leanl

Sleep cleprivation wiJl notexceecl 11' clays at a tiare'

i"il;;::;,h:--i,:r:rli:T::il:[:,",]",ffi :';.,:'it;"';:rhe a p p t ic a tio n.o r d": ;';::11 ffiT: : ffi"iil; ; : :'^ob'z e cr;ffii,;ti*s feet ele - - -^d, n*er rr.\$ ".i:;;.:;",'....uo' o1a "llllli., r, iiifi'ililt"' r" erevated arrove his n:i';.i;.:;;:il*l.:13ffiXS;and an interrogator p-laces 1]:'l5:ed mumer' Airftow rs - r ^,'rr,oencrr wlut ru%r --1n.", a coth ovlr tle 1:::'oi"*ir restricted for ?'0 to;iil1,"^J,'::i:]1:i';Tj:knf U"l,l;*"ordrownirrgands'lrrrocationI

:iiffi'"Jo 'e ctoth in a controlle" T;'; oitu*il.'g and strrfocation'i0 seconds anci the tecnniclue produces '"" "


24/234

Dal rccaLlrNLYSISCIA's OGC sought gtddance from Do]of EITs vis--vis indivicttrals detaineclThe ensuing legai opirons focus onan'd OtherCrttel' I'humane a*dDegrading Treatnient or Punishme.lt (T9rture. Convention) '2 ^oesp"ecially"as iinplemented in the U,S. criminal code,lB U.S'C' 2340'23404.

g7, (J / /FoUo) Tlre Torttrre Cor.rverrtion specifically prohibits"torture," which it clefines in Article 1' as:any act by wlch seaere painor suffering, whether physical ormntal, ntentionally inflicted on a pers.on for sucJ'r purPoses asobtaining from hm or a third person information or a confession,punistrin-g him for an act he or a third person has comrnitted or is,rspectu of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him ora third Person/ ot f#t *y reasonbased on cliscrimination of anykinci, rvhen such pain oi suffering s inflicted by or ai theinstigation of or lvith the consenior acquiescence of a pu6lic officialu, oiiu, prrson acting ir an official ca''dry' It does not ind'depain or slffering arisfig only from, inere.nt in or incide*ial tr:iawful sanchin. [Emphasis added']

Aticle 4 of the'Iorture Convention Provides that states PaIty to theConvention are to ensure that all act of "tortalre" arc Offenses turdertheir criminal iaws. Article 16 adclitionaliy provides tl-rat each stateparfy "shall untl.ertake to preveni in any territory utder itsiurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhutnan or degrading h'eatment or!lrtrittl**t lvhich d


25/234

:,....+-:.::-l 1 .,)t=:-t ;" "t!:;'!:t!""

38.(U//FoUo)TheToritulConventionan'rriltotheUniteclStates only in utt oJtt with- the' re;;;;;;; uod ut'attstandingsmacle by the uît;,ffi;,;, "* qu rt*:ii;n;.ti?l''1,4s explaineclto thr: Senate oy 'n 'toti"" Brancl-r prior to ratification:

ake ctear that the ffii"d;stancling is"rhe uniterl states rrncerstands trre frm '1.;efitll:ii'"t.t^;eatmert ": t ::::i"ll"ilTli-*s-r"ot**

Article 16 is arguably broacler than existing U'S' las'''l'he pluase

" cruel, inhu ma* "' o',' treanen t l:lil:Iii "'i'^'n','; ;;"'"' r o i rr iriternat ion al in str u meil #ou "'''untuîversar Decraratiol'"i* tug1]:_l Intemati'onal cov enI^*"â'.':.11i:i:;i$*llXlfil",:l,l','J;".,''"::it :iTli:; i;trffi ;' :lt,r l*ffi-iffl,";uunrshment appears to be rough{:1"1"h.'i,f,tt-, E'ighth a^dii;il;r ur. in the united states tvuji** i,ioirt*.',t,ilffi ; A*u''d*u''ts' "De gradii g- :h inclu cling h ea*nenth'wever, has been interpreted Tl'.9tttt:1i J.." c"ruttttion.,iJ ;; ;'r robabrv "oi b' P':)l::Tii :L: ;;; i"d"'idua* slXl+;+1,,iifrii:rr:,lx*'":L'U;m;t;,i1';i1i$""gerrcer charrge TB1,.^,,^^ qltq corstrues the prrase to lrp

ilre Converrti


26/234

ji' "".i:-*i,".i.ri.:.:;

39. (u //Fouo) ln accordance with tl're convention, theUnited States criminaized. acts of torture in 18 U.S.C. 23404(a),wlcl'r provicles as follows:whoever outsicle the united states comrnits or attenrpts to comlnittorhue shall be fined under tls title or irnprisoned not more than20 years, or both, anct if cleath results to anyperson irol conductpt.,hibitud by this subseclion, shall be punished by death orirnprisonect ior any term of years or for life'

The statute adopts the Convention definition of "torttue" as "an actcommittedby a person acting urder the color of law specifically-intenclec{ to infh#t sel'ere physical or mental pain or suffering (otl'rerthan pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanci-ions) uPon anotherpurror. withjn his cuJtocty or physical conh-ol."l8 "severe physical!ain and suffering" is roifurther clefined, but Congress acicled aefinition of "severe mental pain or suffering:"

[T]he prolonged nrental harnr caused by or resulting from-(A) the intentional infliction or theatened infliction of severephysical pain or suffering;(B) the achnfurishation or application, or tht'eateneda ct ministra tton or' applica tior, of n'Lin cl'altering sttbs tanc es orother procedwes calulatecl to disrupt profoundly the senses orthe personalily;(C) the theat of nminent deathi orD) the threat that another person ].ill imminently be subjectedto death, severe ptrysical pain or sufferirrg, or the administrationor application of rninct-aliering substances or other procedures-calctrlatecl to clisrupt profounclly the senses or pe.sonality. . . .19

T'hese statutory clefiritions ale consistent rvith the ttncl.erstandilgsand reservations of the United States to the'llcrtLrre Conventiol.18 (u//Fouo)le (u//Fouo) 18 US.C. 40(1).18 U.5.C. 40(2).


27/234

ii'i-'-l':'-'" "' 'nitr!-', ;ffig':!;!u1{#t : -'':El

oTseR,Er/

40. (u/ /Fouo) DoJ has "tu:: prosecuted' a violation of therorr're statute, ra ls1i#+q' 1"a 'rL' i' 1o caset^ fr:t.T'.,its provisio"'' oCiltt*t- the'restrlts of its researcissues under U.S.aiffi.***t f.* t DoJ's OLC in the suntmerof 2aa,zurd receiva preliminrrr:"*** "t th:.:l:tttunts of thetorture statute r'Jo *Fv '::'* J";i^ssified 1 August 2002ot-c lesat *t*"":;;i tlt orc t ndusions r.egarding theDroper interpretatn of the torture sit t"a conclucled thatisu.io,.,2340A n:::;'^.o "rit.,", *a tr'n'

ure specificallyintencleci t" ''niti 'u"u'u Ptl :' :*""* rvhethermental orohvsical."' AL:"oL;;J"'I g: JItmust be of at., "extremei-,u.rru" and' thai "'certain ^to*uy U true]' u'tuTill or degrading'bot still "ot p'oott p1ilu"*t'triog of fl-t it'l:til" intensity tof alrw'1rins""iils04'spros*tffitr:tH;;J*.';;itt* the reqrrisite level of intenoeo Po*" ",.

plry s i ca r p a in am o u n,iie j" ::, ^',:il:fri ::l'l, :1*to the paitt trcconp*y]"s':::":i.i;i,;;;uJ" uotb'.' For purelvfailure, impairment of bodly t:l.,.i";ture uncter Secdon 2340' tt'ment'a pti''t o* suffering to arunil:^i"il;;; oitig.,'ttfit'^"',,.,r., r,, "r r,TT';i ri g", ri ;1fi , R"v.t',oto gical har nr o I :t gr "durah


28/234

::";i i##-:*'!*.':'-:r,:'--- r-;o

41..(s//FoUo)Asecondunclassifiedl.August2002oLCopinion aclressed the international law aspects of suchillt"oo gutions,24 This opinion concludecl that iirterrogation me lhodsthat clo not violate tg U.S.C .2g4}wou1d not violate the Torhrreconvention an


29/234

,;i'{''_- .'

p-s$e*r/rnightbeusedmorethanonce'.'Tu'repetitionr'illnotbesurstantiab e c ar', e tr''. t.'n'ii'q';; 1q l" J ;il;; i" ti"""' ar ter s ev er a Irepetidonr." wittt;;J;" tr-tu *utu'to*d' it rvas explained that:

. ' . tire incrividuar is bouncr ::'"fi:ff:tr*ii:t';;;'iir,i"i'''s feet are 8:ne1tttg""ili;i,iin' i'i' t" ^forehead ""i;;'-\i/^ter is then apli:'iti.';t;: untir it .contotied *unnu'' As this O 1'-""; t"t is saturated ar"tdi:ffi#l :: i*"'Til"h i""' r.I" o now is sri ghtlv -reshictecl '"J io'u'on'.""'

til P;tt:"" "l ll;:ilicar*es * "'iJ'i i """ '::J:;5;lllll;;u .'n"Iti::riilirij+r:ipru***rf ::i-",:"suffocation and inc\:ient Poil? *.ir'i",i t", rrngr. During thoseu-re indivic{rral does ""lb':1t::;i;i;;;;il. rl.il l lreight of It220 to 40 secnds'-wa'.": it ::,11i"-.t,i't tified' and thcio 2+j inclres' After this f erro:/.i,Hif#llitr"g$w a ter i s usuallv o pp-lild f t ""' 3- :i::) ""io*"ti "ii'i'ff i$;ffii'ffi'*Hifr:irowning' [Ilt is likelY that tlrthan 20 'it'*ltt 't u"y ott" applicatioir'Finally,.theAgenqP'::1::1:Jf#hi:,li':t;it'":-:::,,.t ., /rtruy,tal-t and rvitln *t-tol:';;"#;; rhat the use of E1'fspsychologi"'*ttted with the SERE programwoulci. cause no iong '* *t"tii"h-;: oiC reliecl on theserepresentutio] topport its cctusion that no oirvsical lran ot

orotonged j|.ir., r.i run.rra."ii frorn t'e uit on him.fthe

;;;;itl"ding tne waterboard' zffi ,i:i,':*itl:!:tlii*:!*:#:,.* "r* oLC opnion' 'ln retrospect' based on u -i.-ry arr "uit*llutu ouurr,ored in rheIT"i.tn;int ieportea sophistication or u: l. of trs EIT was aPPre.raas it retared to the warerlior, * that the powerr-H'j ir* snnn !yaorofistliruerrogators otril;,imore, olufs contends thatthe exp


30/234

-1:i-i-ii i,lai.-.

44. %Smj oGC conrinLlecl to consult ivith DoJ as rheCTC Interrogation frogrm and the trse of EITs expandecl beyoncl theinterrogatio of Abu Zubaydah. This resulted in ihe producfion ofor, ondutud and unsigneddocu:nrent er-rfitled, "Legai PrinciplesApplicable to CIA Dtention and Inte'rogation of CaptureA--ea,ida persorur.e1."27 According to OGC, ihis analysisryas 91fcoordinated witlr ancl drafted in substantial part by OLC. In adclidortto'reaffirmilg the previous conclusions regardng the torhrre stafute, 'ihe analyss ncides that the federal lVar Crimes statute, 18 U.S'C'2441, does not appty to Al-Qa'ida because members of that grouP a--enot entitled to ptito.t.t of war status. The anllysis adds that "the[Torh:r'eJ Convention permits lhe use of [cruei, inh'uman, ordegfacling treaffirentl in exigent circtrmstances/ such as a nationalu*lutgut^t.y or waf." It also states that the interrogation of Al-Qa'idatlu*b"rs d.oes not violate the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendrnentsbecause those provisioru clo not aPPly extrater:rtoria!, nor ctoes itviolate the Eighth Amendinent because it only applies to personsupon rvhom.ti*irrut sancLions have been irnpclsed. Filrally, theanatysis states that a wirle range of BITs arcl other techniques rvouldnot ccxrstituie concluct of the type that woul.d be prohibitecl by tl-reFifth, Eighth, or Fouteerr'r.Amencltnents evel lvere they to beapplicable:

'Iihe use of the following techniques and of comparable, approvedtechniques cloes nOt violate any Federal statute or other law, s'herethe CI interrogators do uot specifically ntend to cause thedetainee fo urclergo severe physical or mental pain or suffering(i.e., ihey act with the good faitl'.lreltef that their conduct rvill notcause such pain or suffering): isolation, reduced caloric infake (scllong as the amount is calculated to maintain the general health ofthe cletainees), deprivation of reading material, loud music or lvhite

the waterboard v,as probably nrisrepresented at the time, as the SER rvaterboacl experience isso differcnt from the snbsequent Agency usage as to make it alnost irrelevant. Consequently,according to OM$, there rvs ao a prori reason to believe thaf appllng the waterboard wiih thefrequency ancl intensity'rvith rvhich it'r.r'as usetl by the psVchologist/irrterrogators was eithereflicacious or med.ically safe.,zhqm..LegalPrinciplesAppIicabtet


31/234

noise (at a decibei level calcullt-di avoid damage t9 tletlff$$,firg5$ii#j*gr+-#-diaPers, the ulAcco r crirrs,g g G C' this an a $ T-:it it t?l ;t:iilii: ^ "f*:lg,::i;i:'"1fi f#;Jt,*i,r,econcritiorrsthat;J;;;.iried in that oPinion'Norrcr ro /1lD colvsutrTloN wrfl Exncurwr'vo CocREssIoNLOETTCTALS

45:re legatitY of E' wth NSc p"u'ri nd senio' ;J#tratioriof fiiob' Tht uctbrief ed un n, "n ii "* ^.r"*iitv *1 legal o f f icals on theproposed*"'Ifr iorulioruoo'"i*i'"'{3:i"#iin"tf tflu Congress'""^f ntelligerrce Oversight Comrn

both standarcl itfrrliqots and EITs'*a Fs# F early ?'90?' tltgi,#;f:itof the G"ou'utffiill' tontinue to inform tury9officals^^u*lilor.r.c"g'essionalOversightc o mmitteu' " iu t:tr'''''- t t"t"*'l ;; i; tt; cT c ? r o g r am' Th eAgency'p"t'f'JuTy*uot*ti''"'urattheseofficialsandtheConrmitre., ffir;J* ir. u*. of and apProve CIA's actions'TTre Gener^r #;iigg^i" rpr. **l"twithwhite Hotrseco'nser*d;ff;;,,sci:iir;;.*l'-iiffil?iil'ir.uand offict "f ;;;i co*tr beirning in Decernthem on the "oit u" u'u"'r1uJrlilu"crc's Detention andlnterrogation Prb granr'

Representatilel :f .tt-??* L:2. EsE) t'"t'"";;;;ifrui and the Generalpru,.,i..r*I"ui'.:::"",::_::ii##;i,ilrnterigelc:,-.-r e s ence : 1i'- ::i ;:i ;i' "J*'r"p o r,t\e l:o" *"'Co.u.wel, continu' . ., --^ ^for"n. "ncl detentions1n Ibo.o*el, corrtinued to bner *tt '"**;iltTrd deteptions.n February;;;i t Comrnittees on the use o


32/234

,. . iffi,:'":g:=l ri1!.*-;:-r-rri

48.

and. March 2003. The General Counsel says that none of theparticipants expressed any concem about the techniques or thePrograrn.On29 Jrtly 2003, the DCI anct the GeneralCorrnsel proviclecl a-taiied briefing to selected NSC Principals onCIA's deiention and interrogation efforts involving "lgh valued.etainees,,, to include the expanded use of EIfs.2S According to aMemorandum for the Record.preparedby the General Counselfollowin5 that meeting, the AttorneyGeneral confirmed ihat DoJ

^pptonu of the expanded use of various EFfs, including multiplea!!hcations of thevatrboard.2e The General Counsel said hebiieves everyone in abtendance was aware of exactly what CIA rvasdoing with rspect to detention and interrogation, ancl approved of -the effort. According to OGC, the senior officials were again briefeclregarcling the CTC Program on 16 September 2003, anc{ tl'relnieltigence Committee leactership was briefed again in September2003. g.ain, according to OGC, none of those involved in theserriefrgs expressed any reservations about the! program.G wn nN cnoru c/uruRr/ "ETEMrroN/,{ND INTERRo GrtrIoN

49, Guidance ancl traning are unclarnentalto the success and integrity of any endeavor as operationally,politically, and legalLy complex as the Agency's Deterrtion andIrrterrogation Program. Soon afterg /tI, the DDO issued Fuidthe standards for of terroriThe DCI, in Janua.ry 2003 approvedformal "Guidelines on Confinement Conditions for CIA Detainees"(Appenctix D). and "Guidehnes on hrterrogations Conducted

50.

(U//FOUO) Memorandurn for the

TSE$RE.I/


33/234

t-::E -+:!t ^-"r;.3::1--:::j';-'r:'

ffiH ;:"':;'briefings ancl e r'-'c trt'** ::Tr,:ster+gl/Huaqi.^rters, to the tielttt.orrrr.rroi@

rroi-sr.etur;


34/234

III:

:;

I

IiI

!I


35/234

;;manage detentior. Tffi*'or,v 2oo?'

irsr-lffiFr-'


36/234

'[hey urus[review uideli.nes and si grnerrt thattheyhavedone so.

. 59. !sEl Th* uCI Gricleli*es s^pcr:ifv legal"mirtimums" alcl reqtrire tht "dr.rc proi'ision nrr$t be takcn to protectthe health and safety ol'al CIA clelrinees." I'lio C,r.rideli.nes clo notrequire rat conctittons ci f co rrf i rrt-:rrcrt t ;r t tirt: cle tr:r l i on facil.i tiesconform to U.S. prison or other stanclrrcls. At a rni:nuur, itolvever,detention facilihes are to provicle'basit: levels of rrre.ciical care:

Further, the guidelines :ror,ide thai:


37/234

D CI lnterrogation Guideline$60. (/{'EI Prior to Ianyat12003' cTc and oGcdisseminatuag,,ii;.Ji^ûr",:.i|.,ffi ilf ;l:ffi ;T{i"-"J-toû u' *', S;itri* A;;. *u w u i'. in terr o g a dons"ttty *î'19::" led qement *o"t *lv"il"J t"1 a,. urd,e rs too d' o r;;""s" anatl; *it ti',. g**'T'iTj"" No1 did the Agencvagreed to comPlrrnaintin"'"#:il:T'i:.i'-:T:"-ti"i"i"^tswhohadbeeniitii"" i'iioi s gu tion pto cedu'es'

engaged

,,i.*.,,,.."J*offi:ilrr';ffi ffi:f; ;iff,i*entation'and have completed le aPyLqvY *6z (sfffir rhe DCI Ii:T^:f"fn1;ff .,,

,iffi"',f :;in::';fi*ffi'w * "''i ana o rerpersonneiacrins;J'*l;-!*liliii:fJ-:'iiffi -".,::*:f,'I"f l#n::; J;ff':' "i'rrhanced

EtrE#REll


38/234

pseeng/Techrrtiques."33 EITs require advance approval from Headquarters, asclo standard techniques whenever feasible. The field must d.ocumentthe use of both standard techniques.and EITs.

63. h$,f rhe DCI Intenogation G*idelines define"standard interrogtiotcluques" as techniques that do notincorporate significant physical or psychologicai pressure. 'IhesetechLrriques include, but are not iimited. to, alllawful forms ofquestioning employed by U.S.Iaw enforcement a-nd militaryinterro ga tion p ers orurel, Amon g s trdar cl interrogation tecluiquesare the use of isolation, sleep deprivation not to exceed 72 hours,ureduced caloric intake (so long as the arnoturt is calculatecl tomaintair the general health of the detainee), deprivation of reading.material, rtse of loud music or white noise (at a decibel levelcalculated to avoid damage to the detainee's hearing), the use ofTor limited not to exceed 72 hoursmoderatePs Pressure. fion Guidelines do notspecifically prohibit irnprovised actions. A CTC/Legal officer hassaicl, however, ihat no one may emplgy any technique outsidesp ecifically identified stand ard tecluques without Headqu artersapproval.0.D Efi-s inelude physical actions and aredefined as ."techniques tlrat do incorporate physical or psychologicalpressure beyond Standard Tedmiqus." Headquarters must approvethe use of each specific Em in advance. EITs may be employed onlyby trained and certified interrogators for use with a specific detaineeancl with appropriate medicai and psychological monitoring of theProcess.3s

33 !fte 10 approved EITs are descibed in the textbox on pge 15 of thls Rview'.,us[AccordingtotheGeneraICourrsel,inlateDecember2003,theperiodforsleep deprivation was reduced to48 hotus.35 lrs[ BeforeEffsae ad


39/234

tnr!-',F =)::: ':iri;>{ j: :i'r: : r';t "'^"' - '!:,?::.1 ttE-!s. r" '

Meclical Guidelines idelines for'65. OMS

prepared.draft gutoeutrso '"-,oororr-t@medical a+d

;FF)Training for Interro gations

t

1

'-

!i

f:n btroveinb:t11T" ficertifY6.

. -:.


40/234

inclucling a forlrer SRE inslrttctgr, clesignec the crtrriculttnr, tr'irichi:rcluded a u'eek of cl"ssroon'r insttlqtion foliorvecl"hancls-ott" hailring i.r EITs,

Onie certified, aninterrogato: is .1u=gg4 ualifiecl to corrcluct 4nfnlgrrogalionlovins EITs.


41/234

l!itt::-:;:':"'.

comPlyacknow te*$' tcr "'lttogutio" Guidelines'rvith the DCI's lnterrogartu* vs--- he, a debriefing6s#n";if i'ii*!,p r"'u*r'ucourse for Agenc.;;.,-d:1,.ff)ft1'#il:+"u'Ti"*li:"li^*deemed "comPltnon-interr"s{"ti'u"L'ti:L1|;:il'g1:ffifft#*i:"'.i,.; *" cp c us to dv' rhe cou* - i tr-,. I,s*",.f; "rt i:ll*. o. ti:*;;i'*:;;ilJil"f.::;Interrogatio+ L

It

illiiii^*+@

PseFr{U


42/234


43/234

!3!i!"i !;;t

ri-irrstgagJ

@ffi**rt'l{,W't

15 Notcrnrer

1:.I1.

":'::'ll:itre lrecessrt I le'lc'ltrtcrs alithori

fP-\"c+Elr


44/234

PST!RIJ

psychologist/interrogators began Al-Nashiri's intenogation Phghis itttr,idiately rrpo his arrival. At-Nashiri pnovided leadinfornation on otler terrorists during his first day of interrogation'nJornation on other terronsts dllrqg ruq IISI oay or utler'On the fwetfth day of interrogatio"npsychologtstlinterrogators adnijnistered two appGtions of the waterboard toAl-Nasiiri during two separate inierrogation sessions. ffig:^.gin r Xr-"tr.[i.o"ut ".d tiuough 4 Decernber 2002f

Videotapes of Interrogationszz. tFs[ Heaclquarters had intense interest in

78. OIG reviewed the videotapes, logs, andcables ffi-.y 2003. OiG identifiect 83 waterboarclalrlr]ications most of which lasted less than L0 seconds.rr

"'\'*-r - rkeeping abest of all aspects of Abu Zubaydah's interrogationfincluding compliance with the guidance provide{ !o ltte;ite "iffi to the ue of ns. Apart ftgE l$grlgguY.tl T beforei ;:'i;d,; J #i;ffi ;;,; e cided rovideotape the interrogation sessions. One initial purpose was toensure a record of Abu Z;.fuayda'n's medcal condition and freahnentshould he guccumb to his wo-unds and questions arise about fhemedical care provided. to himby CIA. Another puqpose was to assistin the ptepartion of the debriefng reports, although the teamadvised itCTfegal that they rarely, if ever, were gtgd for thatpirrpose. There ireg2videotapes,L2 o,whicS nclde EITpp1icaUons. An OGC attorney revewed the videotapes'inovember and. Decembet 20t2to ascertain compliance with theAugust2002 Do] opinion and compare what actuallyhappened withwhat'vas reported to Headquarters. He reported that there was n0deviation from the DoJ grridance or the written record'

lJk",iii.Y;;;i*tifli""l]'i:nccnstit'lrtedeacrrTCIr"s!Rnt/


45/234

i:;i:"' "'

t'-r--errlgauon

.flell YYe rrvv Y-'-

*n* # *;,ffi :Hfr:"'ffi o:"* o'hugru*mt*:ili"rrrru;tly;'xn*'-"d;* :Yoff ':itr#ii #,"'-. r{ i:f#ffJi ii'l:ff "",tr#J..^rrqu,,ug*th"iotu"or"";;trasltrr3^rur-;"nt'*. :irffi:.'"5$olwater to a cloth,that-co::rr:1J:;rJ*g"cl that'the Agency's useir.'"f'v"ry'?ri'J':":'ff ;;5ERE.o*'u"dof the teclrniqutexplained rn* *"-ry' "td; il';*tbecause it is "rorreal" 'rrcl i* ^oi"po!ant tutd c'onvincing'

'"ffii'r;ffi::iu*um::fi*l;:ilfffi [ffi3^":1"'.-waterboar"sessions'ZI-uu yvrv-- led. on the videotapes.that was not captureo olr LrL!' Y^e-- -

80.f,Septembut 2003a

"-f t-*-oClContinemeru"**I!;t*"sspecif icailyit"*, "oa the addtional drat

'w#Rgil


46/234

ItlP-ffit,,addressing reqrrirements ior OfS persr-lmel. This servec! tostrerrgthen the conr)r


47/234

lorst!*Pr/

,l i

4--: .. __

= Torst*ErJ


48/234

.*- i#l*--1;r*i;"=: l#i'.-:s-':::,::.,..-- - ...i:;?::.t t::.i:.:-'L.n:--...,...

Tr!REri

nth.As"gEIJgg g.viding legal and operationalbriefings and cables that contained Headluarterslguidance and dscusseEe toirure statute and the Dof legal opinion.89.

CTC had alqo established a precedqnt of detailecl cables betweenand Headquarters regarding th9inees. The written guidance didnot address ihe fou standard interrogation techniques that,according tCI CTC/Legal, the Agency had identfied as early asNovember20A2.s Agency persorurel were authorized to employstandard interrogation techniques on a detainee withoutHeadquarters'prior approrral. The guidance did not specificallylSf+eUne four standad interrogation tecrniques .ere: (1) sleep deprivation not toexceed 72 hours, (2) conhnual tae of light or clarkness n a cell, (3) loud music, and (4) white noiseftackgouncihun),

Guidance Prior to DCI Guiclelines


49/234

\I\

adclress the use of props to imprv " H:*$: i*ryi*-fif i#ffi*t;**Xnru"ffixl;",flms.'miJuwere in place to enstue that'9er111orr rhe existing roinr*a poli.y guidance'S p ecif ic Un authorize d' or U ndocument ed

Techni ques

f"ffiirfftryp'ff.",:r:;l:"ii*?oieiiff ;*f;*iruffi :':'"'."f."durirrg the Revi,**x***r*gg$ffiffi"*ry;"e'::i:tr;#':iT#r,tr"l,Ttr:ry:*'['rlil"s11..,ij" ".tf-ty aia not raalraut separate u

tI,(t':i{.)''l4*zi

;lhHandgun and' Power Drill

ffiessAl-'Jashiri'*.^fl 'I'he debrier"t-39:::: ol-Yi$f;withholding in f orrna norl ir L w r u-^' -G. ffiffi. betweenryil..' ",. i',re. and' handcuJ


50/234

28 Decemb et2}02aIrd l January 2003,the debriefer used anunload.ed serrLi-automatic harrdgun as a ProP to frighten Al-Nashiriinto disclosing informafion.+ fter discussjng thiJplan withEEU.u ctebi{efer entered the cell where Al-Nashiri sat shackled anclt^ck"d fhe handgun once pr twice ciose to Al-Nashiri's head.as Onrvhat was pr'obabty the same day, the debriefer used a Power drill tofrighter"r ei-i.ttasniti. WithEI consent, the debriefer ente redthe detaiee's ceil and rewed the clrillwhile the detainee stoodnaked. and hooded. The debriefer clid not touch Al-Nashiri lvith thepower dri1l.93. S!NRI Theiland clebriefer clicl uot requestauthorization or reporl the use of these unauthorized bechniques toru#H'#Hif; 3,3illa:i*'.:R1i'*"-Headqurte?s. OIG investigated and refen'ed its findings to iheCriminal Division of DoJ. O LL septerfibet 2003, DoJ declined toprosecute arcl tumecl. these matters ovet to CIA for disposition.These fircidents are the subject of a separate OIG Report oflnvestigation.a6

Threats94,same Headquarters debrieferwas present, tlueatened Al-Nashiri by saying that if he clid not talk,

in here." Th del riefer reportedly wanted Al-Nashj.rito infer, fot p@g"sons, that te debriefer mightbilElinieLiienceofficer based on his Arabic ciialect, an UraiRt-Nashiri was in custody because it was ividely beiieved inMiddle East circls-iat interroga Lion tectur-ique involves44 (S7fNFJ This individual was not a traired interrogator and rvas not authoized to we EITs'a5 {U//FOUO Racking is a mechanical proceclure used wjth firearms to cha{rber a bullet orsimulate a bullet leine cambered.a6 pl/N) unauthoiized lnterrogation ru.noit r.rf, 29 october 2003'


51/234

:) i?il::.i':'r. :ti :

is ortn c

sexually abusing femaie relativglin fror-rt of thedetaiee' The

ctebriefer denjed #t ^l-l'l1i*;h;*ennis familv' rhedebrierer oruo ,niu ^'-'*31u0*''o he ias "'ii:i::Tiitofrom **",***iffi ;;tt" ftffi ffi'; but letl'reAi-Nastor, one "l-th"-

ffitt"T erePott tuf .ePort did notiiffi-. . -t* of the EffieatT"*i"^,-*hat the law hacl beenSrnoke

r Aiencl

ffiffi'"ili,,'f,:xxffi r claime c,nrev clicl this to ";'; ,".o" il'; ; T9"1l*3*:iJi:ti'.trrogu*" tqli": "iJJrt' This irttertogator

sarcd.o this aguirt uu'i ;'t'**1 *riatm'' ; turolher Agencyinterroga,o' u"I t{;nt ut'o''otJtiguts duine two sessronswiihAr-Nashiritomaskry',11'{X$:i;;;*uu:i*uhedid

'{iT'

||fi#ffi ;.;ili-" i,,,o,qr-srasrriri's f ace


52/234

a?F | i#-?grir.*.-;-ir::.*:Li ti*j-::-i:,i-::,: :.;

Stress Positions97. OIG received reports that interrogationteam membe!To !otentially injuriorrs sfress positions onAl-Nashiri. Al-Nashiri ivas required to kneei on the floor ancl leanback. On at least one occasion, an Agency officer reportectly pusheclAl-Nashiri backward whjle he lvas i:r t!js stress positio4.-On anotheroccasl0l' sa.id he had to intercede aftexpressed concern the!:\I-Nhili's arms might befrom his shoul


53/234

Genera,".*'tf,,[iji';i';::'*;{:'#i;J'i:"waterboard and tlu',ij"u"1::lyl:'*:.:il"':$f:r*l:"1':$ii'sonaGenra] was lfttonrLtrcr rrr" " -- 'single individual'


54/234

g|Tqtr) het:l-(.rrn!(.',i.1tt.JIutiriltr.1 s:.te.'cth-,'..'.ll:,r,ir.1\informerl us iht it is trl:rly rhat tiris etJut" 1..terL.Lr.(l ',tculd rt l,Jt r'',ie titr l r:',rn,.tesin anv one aooliction."


55/234

i=le_t'

i-:.i;li E-.- , i:Lt

Er t;Ittilit'tiIIIt

llIIIIT

t


56/234


57/234

'":it,-r.cJf-3!


58/234


59/234

l-,j--,.j r'::r :.. '.:17j-,'\F. r.: ti.,';i :+,'+ -' " -' ' :'t'l :.ffi:!,f,#-*iii:;i;;iA\)':'::;::::"1':"'"

-iF*=te


60/234

53 h.I l'l.,e rrsr ses:on :f the i',i*i..grio cirrs'regi:r in \-o'trni['tr ?i:02 :'t'trparagraprs ,i-03


61/234

!+sdQI


62/234


63/234

',;:l:.'t"i:::::-:-'- "i i l:;"

T2B.


64/234

- . . :t :::.:-L: :. : ;r:'l::l ia-:-.};::: .


65/234

iif,ii

'dH!lt-

I:;:'Iiii:

i

,

I

:;I

'

i

':.

i

,{

I

'.:l's:l:.'.v

'.'.iiix.

::1

tN$K:$

i"

:U!


66/234

,.1 i+?-i-"1t::'gl;:,:':--.:a .il':----:::.:'.:":': "*::!'


67/234

j,.10.

I41-.


68/234


69/234

-;n*1


70/234


71/234

A

'

II

-


72/234

D:


73/234

153,

154.

:' 1r

-frJ-R


74/234

i;"*;:-+i+=ri+,q+g,,.1t;'a+ili:;!t:-.::'i,:,,,-'

T(.li-si*i

,;-,.'j: i#j+1,-;;:.o.'-.;:: ; ::1:l-' !:ar':; ; jj i:. ..


75/234

tI':.1i;.j::rti$irl

Ooa

Cu

:


76/234

I:

!


77/234

Specif Unauthorized or U"ry as brtt

tedlY

,ou,tss ti that 'out"tt't TL oIG opened separate investigations irtto165.iffi*lffirx"rui".,'i:In other cases " Ti"u.Jo*, ^g_t-l rakenby emproyees or:"lJ,t'iffi:il"re*Y:::,i:*'.*r.t"J'l,neacrionsiC^**' "l tolff'::iii'o u:tio'v' o"managernenthas

ata fla-seql":

166.

a "Prsoutedetainee's neck' ffiIi."*

Pressure ?onts

dgtarrcc !rr"v^r'-rF tid artery,to restrict the det


78/234

i**-:#;:ttlf{-l !?#j'.'.+::;,:+-r:=,'+''r lf-:t'" 'ii:i;':i.'L

t67. ho wasfacing the shackled detairtee, his eyes to the PointtaLAL! Llle s(sv\wrthat the detainee would nod an srt to pass ouf then, thehook the detainee to wake hirn' Thistd of tty": uP.Pli'11:".: ":,fl': 1:tl',';ledgito oIG that he laid \andshe was going to loseo noted"thatie hafl

ecntly ha never been instTicted how to conduct interrogations'16S. (!risg) c{c management js now a\4are of this reportrdincident, the severi of which rias disputgd' TlTT.of Pt:t:llT ., -is not, a.rrd had not bery authorLed, and CTC has advised the

- =- --ffib1T1o.j*.,1J:1"fire a handgun outside the interrtMock Executions

was nterviwine a deteuee.liho.was thought tobe withholding*t"."^ Uor',. rt Es ta ge d the incident, which incl$$

been shot to death.

:;'il"ffi i'";h;; n r''i" "apguard.s, ftn* ihe gu"ards moved the d.etainee from the'interrogationoo*, they passed grrard who was dressed as ahcoded detainee,tying motionless on u gto..*d, and made toappear as if he had


79/234


80/234

173.o were interviewed

Repo described staging a mock execution of a detainee.!a cletainee who wihessed the "body" in fhe aftermath ofthe ruse "sang like a bird.:'L74, revealed th4t approximateiYstated hehad conducied a mock October orNoverr.rbe r 2002, Reportgdly, rhd ffi discharged outside ofthe building, and it was done because the detainee reportedlypoSgggqgd .;tical threat information+stated that he toldnot to do it a He stated that he has not heard

.,:" i 1ffi5-.'":*:::-:+::G:i:r:i1

of a sirtila act occturingUse of Smoke

ince then.

175. ctAcigarefte smoke was once as an interrogaton teelrnique in

face for aboutfive minutes. The detainee stqrted talking so thesmoke ceasecl, heard that a different

\,LL(JL,EI LVV-. I\'-T,'UILELLI-V, AL LILE IL]LTgL -'-

-

ffie frorn a thin cigarelte/cigar in the detainee'sas an interrogation technique. OIGfficer had used smoke as an interrogation technique. OIGquestioned numerous personnel wh hacl workedlFrboutthe use of smoke as a technique. None reported any knowledge of{he use of smoke as an interogation technique.

176.Emitte d that he has personally used smokeihalation techniques on detaine'es to make them ill to the pointwhere theywould start to "purge." After this, in a weakened state,

admitted


81/234

iffiffi-*ri'. ti:':';n\

thes e detaineesgg|flSinformatioo/" o has'abusing detainees

Inlated.etainee*u''ilt"='*o*"0**n**n+X*it'"ffi*.ffigffi'npran*.*o-week period' The plt lrtrLrt*VcI ab.v ' ..'i

physi cal c omlott Lev et D eprivali::"j|r;.o,|: 'i *':Tffi#.1,iff:J:H'ff "J,"ui'*".rplrvsicar;;*;'-P5,'5l:#fi:::merltal/traine

crcLes'.f:*"i:^:':i,f #f11i{:"mpl oying the "t'r; r' ooil. o,detainee'sl dis.comrorr crtr'o tev'--' :I

I

I

Use of CoId


82/234


83/234

;*r#-'r'ai:*:l;g+; if##:t':: ; :'"""'"";jJ \iii"ai''r3-.11' j r

,.ffihe use of cold sht:lir:*:ffi1fi:^ff;, '*"ti..*Tn_t* cooperative, the ;;t"gttot't u::^o:Plished twoa detaineewas ulsoats o, .e*o'^'f'{ {}"vg:*::$* ;' u't'o*ur with thel;il*ss or cold showe'

784. 1eand naked,dtoom' s;ti'.-u;;' trut' d cooP er tion'uuu,,j,1 .iff; :.*?i:LTffi;i* ... "#jm_sked rhetoricatI-Ie stated that ctshowers were administel*d * a feateo fuv^'r' ,"frwas left to its:ftf"ryffi; fii 1ffi- e is a cable#.ii't*tins the o" ot-ffi*ation or the . _ L

- - \rrfl Although the Dcr Guiu:]*1}o "otro. #-*." s.pll*.t2ouc o'ar '.-,1':;rnention cold as a,riautiou,o'l'r'iJuansv'1*q$:ffi":',:i"ti'i:i"'"r\r*:#tr *:';;;Sl1t3i:'iJ' *'u""' ("ppundix F )rheoMs"*0"'i'"i;':"f :::l*n'*:::1'Jl":'J:whenaIIi:I{J!II{iI

i ..'>ii

#xr*#::'iJi; ffi ;;mp er ature ranse when a;;;t." is wet or unclothed'


84/234

iit:+:';=-..".- :i:{+!

Water Dousing187.others who have

ancl;Wutut d.*utg" has been usedficer introduceddown on a!hstic sheet anpouringwater owerhirn for L0 toL5 mir.ruter. r..otfrur officerxplain"ed that the foomwas maintainedatTA d.egrees or more; the gUards trsed water that was at roomtemperame while the interrogator questioned the detainee'

..iffi;e to Lhe fcility. Dousing involves 11{*q " **:Tuu

1BB. TrgE A reviewnlllfiom April arrdrur ^y2O Og,;"ry u glt p ermiss on"l":lTfito employ r!ffiq"es for a ntrmber of detainees'lnclucled. in the Ut o? requested iechniques was water dorying'zz 1Subseqrrent cables eporie,t the use and duation of the techrques bydetaine per interrogutiot session.T3 One cetified interrogator'noting tht water dousing appeared to be a rnosj effective technique,,uq.rutud CTC to confirm guidulit es On watef dousing' A rehrncable ,ciected that the d.etainee must be placed on a towel or sheet,may not be placed naked on the bare cement floor' and the airtemperature must exceed 65 degrees if the detainee.will notbe dreclimmediately.*,,",T3;ffi :L:#ffi :i3;,"#n"JGuid.elines, !owever, ider*ify "water dusing" as one of L2 standardmeasures that OMS listed., inascending degree of intensity, as theLlth stand.ard measure. oMS did not further address "waterdousing" in its guidelines.in a later pargrp

water dousing as a technique wed, but


85/234

'::l-g#:1, ty''t#:>t':':' "' t :':: ii'':i '::''::: I t\'':+'': :

'x3;*, :nwa detainee to the lp'i1":ln * JHffiff"i'*'.",case ordfitr**,uqffi '{rii,:".F..;;tty t; concrete'. The 6turyolg$lgi ux"dgrv 1 rift E*""'uo;;.' used atffi;;;;; *n,11y1*'.iiff :ffi i ;; "o'i'*o. - . r ^ ^.,, h arT1;t mg l*:i:iiJi"lo- *uers to od that r'-.i.:

t:i

Harci Takeclorvn


86/234

he was going to do a harcl takedown, he mrrst report it toHeadquarters. Although the DCI and OMS Guidelines addressphysical technques and treat them as requiring advanceHeadquarters approval, they do not otherwise specifically addressthe "hard takedown."

192. tated that he was generallyfasliar with the technique of hard takedowns. He asserted that theyare authorized and beeved they had been rsed one or nrore times atEin ord.er to intimidate detaine;. Estated that hewould not necessarily know if they have been used ard dd notconsider it a serious enough handling tedmque to regtrireHeadquarters approval. Asked about the possbility that a detaineemay.have !gq* dragged on the $ound during the course of a hardtakedownf,respor"rded that he was unaware of that and did

ffi"ndthepointofdraggingsomeone.aIongt1recorridorinfrlffar orher Locarions outside of rhe crc

-'I'U lrrogram, fwo other nciclents2003.

As noted above, oneBase76

194. i57lNilhr ]une z}g,the U.S. milirary sought an Afghancitizen who had been implicated in rocket attacks on a joint u.s.A*y and CIA position in Asadabad located in NortheastAfghanistan. on L8 June 2003,this individuat appeared at AsadabadBase at the urging of the local Governor. The individual was held ina detention facility guarded by u.s. soldiers from the Base. During

not within the scope of the

76 $, For more than a year, CIA referred to Asadabad nrruorf


87/234

lf,l):: ?-'t: ::'i;,;;!:ti::-'

..tt*ithDoJ'zz

'''t+!l li!fi:'t"'i'''"-'"'i i J- 'iffiiffil*B:'pA !#';i'i';'.';t:"'"' "'*' - r'

the four days the individual Y?.'1:"*tcl' an Agencinde?endent .conractor,who#;;;;u*'rit"v;jf ;ffi ::il*::'-S;erervirfr 'tr"1i:tr*!ffii:i*",frr:Ti::":,.his;; ;tJ" tl' "".1t"* n s date *it*'oit * autop sy o't*t p er ro rme d'familY on the totl#,r*-'ffi!*'x$$ffffi5s1;;";;i;oo" ufi"r tt''e incident' LInJulY2003 a195.

A teacher being *-':."1*Fsmiled 451 lG nrayy,"t--' ,< of his rifleused thebutt stoclnaPPr-riate$':96. asttwice PTt torso'to strike or "buttsrorrowed uv ,"'ui"tn5' 'o r'i"*i'o' rls ""i:JT"'ioo'rv^x*r*i:;"st4i*******'m:*n:'-'@ignment'

'i.,li

ji

,


88/234

t'cir


89/234

t'-i:'i l:"-:': '::' -!


90/234

A'lvn c LL s [II]P o tT' To lN'rtn R o c.{ I'f o Nszo+.FilL)irectclrter:f]rrtelljqr:trceltl"t]r.sts

assignecltocrcp'o'i.lea'talt'tic.lStrrrrtoiltterrLlqati(ltti..'.ttllsinthe lielcl. Aali si.s are l'esp(rrrsihle i1'levelo:t-n< retlLrireltrcrtL5 iorthe quesiiorlti"rg o! lutq!'',"t ut t"ull ut .some cases,

Analvsts, horvever. dr: noi@tion of in.terroga iion tr:cluriqltes'


91/234

t,+.!:..,-:... ...,:'- --.- -.'\,!llil:;r:.h,:"r:ii!:|:.:':i'

did know'

**J:i'h#'ll:.*ffJ'='':;;"*1::9:Swas limit"a prioro the initiation ".:it tt, *^1r.r experts andn; ;s;.y ti:Yd adequate 1'"slih^;oi,i"r" *. ,tr:?t"wlecrseffir/*r: *"1 #:ii:#inx'ftt'm io ;' ui."Ied anarvsts to'P "*1:^1:,T:ii"ii'-"fu @iffi"ilk"t@g back

and knew molT:-

q

.l


92/234

2[:8.

evidencerl in the final rvaterbuard sessiotl o .'1trrr Ztrbr'dah.Accortli to r senior CTC oficer, the irttr:Lrogatiorr teainl\ccoI(.ulg to Selliot ulL oIilcef, tre llll-ettull(ttlult tuctlrtlItorisiclerecl ;\L.u ZtrLrayctah to Lre conrplialrt nc t4';'rttetl ir:rtermlnate lllT*c elievecl Abu Zubat'clah coufinrecl towithhold i n fornration,


93/234

i ! lr:Z::: ,'- -.1.' '.1 )-r'; '

ZubaYdah'2l

without sorne concern'

Errrcrryevrss - ts has preventedrhen-,J.t ;".interrogation hati::#::lnn**c[$$:*T;ffig'tu*,^ffi:l"t*"::*n6;*gg*t,*tr'iih.*;;; do"Pt rhat th stogt?^rsuuiutti.,e process and not;;;tss of EITs' however' tsztz. ( When the AgencYbegan caPtulingJ'd'J..Ju'*tn';r*M!rrorists, managemg!

:

i

e

them off the sheets


94/234


95/234

i:ia!:'-- : - ;_,-::,,:-:.:l: :.-:'.:!;i;ii'',,+i:t *d'; ;; , '.'1'i iri?,i;+:#*;:; :''

'ii;tt*v*traYf

-'iclentification of tr'ffi;r,lped lead to {he idennr'"ot

^ap* todetonate a;*'il Y*.#5ffi ii'il:;:d"'Gltlro;'' or Newuranium-toPPeo* Ci'r, n*ay'';*;+" t'tffiiffiL'iii#$,f,:alecl to the arrest of PrevioustY TY*K;,;;1',31f iJtt'A'"*',i?:i::HimgllJ?;""inside the Unite'd States'MT{::ii:;r*',y#ffiflifr '=trH'ir^,,f nY*'trx'i'Ttr"'rriii#.ffi f :#i'i;

i:"'l3iir:'."'r'1lt:theuniteclstates;';;,^*ewhosreeper"'"'* jti{}:i",iXi'*5T:i{','.'::1"^,.ii ]tFarjs, the truck ui* *ttu"a i" utfy 2003 in Ohio'i.-2

*


96/234

. ,#'i:s:*"?i

217. D etainees, b oth Piarmersffi.y aware of several Plotsplanned for the !E l4lglg9ggPukistutt; hiiack aicraJt

to f1y into Heathrow AirPort iooser-ttraci< spikes in an attempt to derail a h?in in tt're United Staup swerald f{Y an airPlaneinto the tallestbuilding intalifornia in a west coast version of F*W*fa tt"e Center atiack; cut te lines of suspensionbridges inNew York in an effort to make th* tollopt";

2lB,

for the most senior policymakers'

ffitiotrrces f

In an intewiew,


97/234


98/234

i?!i??'ircri-*.rr..::r-i*.*i:l i-::s:liit::.:.:;***i:-.!r+j:--,:;,;..l t:'?i.::--.=-

different results;

detainees: Abu Zuba

possessed perishable information about inrnrinerrt theats against theUnited States.223, Prior to the usg of EITs, Abu Zubaydahprovided informa tion fo intelligence repofis. Interro gatorsapplied the waterboarcl to Abu Zubaydah atleast 83 times during 'August 2002. During the periocl between the end of the use of thewaterlroard and 30 April 2}03,he provided nformation forapproximatelytadiitional reprts. It is not possible to saydefinifively that the waterboarcl is the reason for Abu Zubaydal-r'sincreasecl prqductiory or if another factor, such as the length ofdetentiory was the catalyst, Since the use of the waterbhwever, AbuZubaydah has appeared fo be cooperati

ffi *i'J;ff 'J;:,:ii:Hm,,,.,which the ps ydrolo gis t / interro gato rs dutet*i.ed thu t Al-N4rhiriHowever, after beAl-Nashiri was thought to be withholdingnnation. Al-Nashiri subs equently received additional EITs,but not the waterboard. The Agency then-Naslriri to be "compliant." Because of the litany of


99/234

,,:.,-l t trtt" 't'':";Et'w-Z-s"si,,;::;s: i';r'*':: :i' :j"It:::r. :: .a:'- ."f-i.,,,-ii':'*':"'.--

IIIIt

tecru,iquesusedbvl*l:ii,i:iilr#:';'ir'J"*i-ecluriques used.br different in!rrogat -t y Al-Nashjrpero d of time, 1y*l:i;3ffiym"l ryl:::; il:J[tit3"5;f$"$H;:ru;ru;;-**riT:trffi:tffii ffiil,.u";;d;J*"'i:s"*|lli:ni*rjmx"n* Erts-1 CL11225' t*n:"u l*Ti AT:li;'i " ,u anarvs is o rH$fiffill;;T"ffiiiii*1-Jor*was"*,u^'.{'i1;'g;"r'rlr-I1a'u"clL' F- :s prir to tir'e "::i;;^'"'aottd' inaccurate' otffItfr"Jifi ::iiJt;*:ffii"resisrance,^:T:ir*ff :,i"trtrl,.':4i.itr*wn-x#jii:1"*,nffi'smi

ffigj:*^:NcER^rs ar GilrDrN o run"vr nNrr o N- I'u rtugrcr'ul s- k.rl regarding hurnan rrlirtto' l-.--oolued wilh tireii* :i*i "xi"ii i""*; ;'sencv p ersonnel in'Program'


100/234

Policy Considerations?27. (U / /FOUO) Throughout its history, the United States hasbeen an irternational proponent of huna:r rights nd has voicedopposition to torfure and mish'eatrrLent of prisoners by foreigncounhies. This position is based upon fundamental principles that aredeeply embedded in the American iegal sbuctr.re and jurisprudence.The Fifth and FoUrteenthArnendments to the U.S. Conslitution, forexample, require due process of law, wlle the Eighth Amendmentbars "ctrlel ind unusual puslunenb."228. (V / /FOUO) The President advised the Senate wi"rensubmitting the Tortue Conveirtion for ratification thab ihe UnitedStates would consfrue the reqtrirernent of Ariicle '16 of the Conventionto "tutdertal


101/234

t:..?;:t:'.\ l, t!:'i:i' :".:r

zzs (l / / Fo-uo) Annuar Y lr'^l,iifff"'iffii r ",eports on Human Rightl Pt":lii?reci bv foreign goviliJ ;;r' o s u ti o" te chni q'e'''11'J''Jo rl ] t't' a':ffi;u''ooz RePort' issuect rnrrheunited-srareslh*P::lRirff :ii"l*fii"T1''J"i :: ffiin:iift ,i#J iimry;'i5:'i;:1i""S:ii: ; i,,lffI"' l -,serl,e as u g";gu rot our internailon** -t"*,ts [e nelv anctPointng to aras of Progress an


102/234

l#!?l+**u"-:3-!L-#;jj;:1l*gs;r';:.r:i)tt"'=..*;.'. '' :.?'. i#--Ei:';:':i : !-,r.:,"r ; lil*.r I i;:!'i ?i -

Freedom frorn torhue is an inalienable human right ' ' ' ' Yettorture continuei to be practiced around the lvorld by rogueregimes whose cruel methods match their determjnation to cIt$l'Ithe hrrman spirit. . . .Notorious hunran rights abusers . . . have sougrt to shield theiraliuses frorn the eyes of the world by stagng elaborate deceptionsand denying access to international human rights monitors ' ' ' 'The United States is committed to the worldrvide eliminaon oftorhrre and tve are leading this fight by example. I call on allgoverrunents to join with the unitecl states and the community ofla*-ubidig trations in prohibiting, investigating, and'prosecutingall acts of trttue and in turdertaking to prevent other suel and. unusual "unishment . . .'

Concems over Participation in tire CTc Program23'1.. #FlRt Duiing the course of this Review, a nirmber ofAgency officers expressed rnsolicited concern about the possibility ofrerimiration or legal action resulting fron thei pariicipation in theCTC Program. A number of officers ex"ressecl concern that a httman

t pwsue them for activitiestionally, they feared that the Agericynot them if tl'ris occtled.2g2.ts-7r$.iEtOne officer exPressecl concern that one day,Agency gfficers willwind up on some "wanted [st" to aPPg3r beforettre WrU Court for war crimes steruning from activitiei!E Another said, "Ten years frorn now wete goin be'sorryffig ilris . . . #ut] it has to be done." He expressed concemthat the CTC Program will be exposed irr the news media and cited

particular concern about the possibility of beingnamecl in a leak.


103/234

.-I


104/234

237. 'l'he numLrel of c{etainees m CIA ctrstodyis relativety r*[email protected] vith those ir IJ.S. militaw custody.Nevertheless, the Rgency, like the I'rrilitarv, has an interest in thcdisposition of detainees an,l parlicurlar i.nterest i-n those who, if nottcept in isolation, woulci likely civulge jnformation about thecircunstances of thei r cle Lenfion,


105/234

+'.::r. t;=++ '+l:l;--:,.:.'.1.:::,.,... '':l-:+,- ...."1:{;:::'"::. t#:;;le*,?i'.,;

242.

243.

| .1'tI


106/234

'

to prosecutiot .ts r'i;rble pr'rssttr!it', .,ri ic.i:I f,rr ,.r,r't.r;l .lr'{.ilt rdate, hotnevt,r, lrr:r tleeiiott lra l.(.t,tr trrtle tr., l)r'titt,,-,ii r'.'lih tlrisoption,

93 rullrr:ui:,sscr.


107/234

i:.:--:.::;:a). []t;a:::'- t: 1;- : ' "

.gt:,I{

Turffi!*.lr


108/234


109/234


110/234

iffi--#gx,i,l*r

stateurenb by very senior U.S. officials, including the Presiclent, aswell as the policies expressed byMembers of Congtess, otherWestern goverments, intemational organizations, and human rightsgrotps. In addition/ some Agency officels are aware of ilterrogationactivities that lvere outside or beyonci the scope of the written DoJopinion. Officer's are concemed that fufure public revelation of theCTC Program is inevitable and will seriously damage Agencyofficers'personal reputations, as well as the reputation andeffectiveness of the Agency itseif.

-256'bs,E rhe Agencyhas generally prov

good guidance and support to its officers who have been deIn particular, CTC did aintenogatiorrs of high value detainees atAt these foreign locations, Agency persorrnel-with one notalleexception clescribed in this Reviw-followed guictance andprocedures and docurnented their activities well.

the

zsz, ffs(n By disrincrio*, rh Agency-especiallyin the.early months of the Program-failed to provide adecluatestating, guidance, and support ta:rd interroation of detainees in

itled

dentwillb.e ihe


111/234

: "' t'i-ii)

.tI

srr!ect of aGeneral'

jud.grnent'

it',itt t"t and Protecinterrq

onhinq

rur. U.

xm'"rur;"r:iil::i:iffi ;;;;:"*ili':"::ii:;rerroga.rionsatthaiioca'-*;@s,ainif tg,o f f i cers inv olv e d ":f tl Y:ly'*ir:'"i- .^ f aia no t exer cis e s;?:ii"-r^.reddmerv,a1i:i:if ;ffi "xe*iseso'ndexperience, supervision'' or authortzfr ;H::If f '+i|:i"l;3ii1,ffi'':J'J::r#*,Hil*:rff .f"}"trfrftffiiffi qi'ffi:'fi x,u:un:*::l*;'gt*ttt,^*1trtrHi#,1::iiirt.tr*;rr*"'J'Jff '*Xns*:lff Hiilrt":*:iry of the

- -';lr as d'oes exist to-_z6a . G{-,L ""tio* und.ertaken by ager ta v r! v- - -, , .-l]l^,r.,ffi arrd interrogaqort" *'*---^ ,-^oortate. The

\vided to

ffi:;r*:5:'i

:'':1tr"Tffi "':tT*iuil*"a*toi*.r, tt. * tu",^{]:iffffi r;. .ir."a spulated thatti-;;oJ legal oPinion of L Augt


112/234

,.-,..':.:r.es:,,.1?*i i#*,t:-:e-s-+.,+;::;:.:+i

its advice was based upon certain facts that the Agency hadsubmitted to DoJ, observing, for examplq that "' . .yoo (the Agency)have also oally nfonned us that althoughsome of these techniquesmay be used wth more than once [sic], that repetition will not besubstantial because the techniques generally lose their effectivenessafter several rpetition.'l One kuy lto the waterboard at ieast 1-83 timesEdwasdenied uis'In this and another instance, the technique of application and volurneof water used ctifferecl from the DoJ opinion.262. OMS provided hensive nredicalattention to de where EITs werewith value detainees

did not issue fonnal medical guidelines@r tlre advce of CTC /Legal, the oMS Guidelineswere thert issued as "draft" and remain so even after being re-issuedin September 2003.

264. Agency officers report that reliance onanalytical assessments that were uruupported by credible intelligencemay have resulted in the application of EITs without justification.Some participanb in the Program, particularly field interrogators,judge that CTC assessments to the effect that detaineeb arewithholding information are not always supported by an objective'-


113/234

' .1?;i -'':':',ffi"t:e:-#i:::*:'at

***ffi s#ryffiry'l'-Ti**"'

ilre inanurf,Y vr u'*tainedby the Agency.do with terrorists*iffr;*tffi'rdiBi:'J;Tiffi;"p"u:r:*"* "bilry o r the I :s, -G^",ilffiil*.,.."r'


114/234

[.,:ffi:::.+,e+;ri.el..*

R ECO \{i\'{ l: N D Al IO N S


115/234

\),J,trlul

t..

^'

i

-1f11


116/234


117/234$J

a

$ :.d it

J

ir

'-S

l t i$ 1 i l l ur i : i 'J i i , : '


118/234

Appendix A


119/234

i#*gr:".',tii!!i]'*l

PROCEDURES N!RESOURCES

n",."r :*rc 1Ives$gations, thrrnvesrigari"^rstrii^1,rlue1^J'*g^t""'T-? jlTd"*"fr '^"Auditor, t n"'u'ir'"iti"lt' and a secretary PartlcllReview.._comPonents PYorGconcructedJi,ioi'"*"-Ti1#ffi ';J*;.i'ui**uy relevant lnformato" .i"#i:ii* .p.wDirector of#T*ffiiir.1ri,l jl,i"%r#iiffi''*re Depuq, "oii i :il*:X;; "u* inrorm

.,, .....'-''-,.'...j. ' .!,,:'#:, l:i,#---#*:**:;*':' iif::i'":":';':" .-s:Li:J ;: : ; :

une ueputy """". ru"utr inclividuals'olG te-nterview'isi'ts to the^ >*fl OIG personn"t.]1:dt ItTu-.,".*,uIl".t"t":ffii;;' orG pers o*er ars oI to review 9z vrdioput of ittttttogationsisted


120/234


121/234

Appendix B


122/234


123/234

Appendix C


124/234

isp,.#r,nfi/ U.S. IJePartrncni of Justce' Qfce of[*gal CounselOllc f tc fu Jht'tt ^{o.cy Chrrf t?ahirgtu,D.C i0S0

August !, 2002Mcuoranclum for Johu RizzoActing Genernl Couoscl of ihc Cctrl [otclligeuce Agency

hlerrogtion of al Qaeild O!eratrtYou have asked for itris Officds vicw's ot whcthe.r cerjn proposed contluct wouldviolaie the pohibition against torre ound at Seotion 2340 of title I 8 of the United SlatesCode. \rou have askcd for this advce in the coufse of conducting nrenog:tfions of AbuZubaydah. As we ulderstatd iq baydah is one of tlie highest ranlrng rnembers oitte 1l Qaedatonorist organiztion, wiih w'bich le United States is currenfu cngaged in an inlcnrational armclconf'lJu following the actaks on tle Wortd Tade Center and the Penle.gon oa Soptember I [,2001. This letter lnemoaLiecs our previous oral a


125/234

/"raylcnFlext:ectatiortsregdirrgthtretrnentrebcl:,eveshervillreceiveanilertcowagehimtodiscloseH#,.,j'ffi#ru'ff{#fi#ruffi,iJffi i:T}':ffi ."";;i"''"ntisttuoueh31's3l;",iJ?i'i'i|''*i**'.*ri,ru;lit*-;;i;'S:nr.*'qjffi:'Jg,r,+nilg.'..-fr*$fu -ii3l.,i,lf F";'*tl*ml'i:li.*:Hr'ffrfir*H""i:l';;;-ingr'is'.;i-Jn"tttons' You lravo also fonned us u""0*t, *tti"h s being u!ts:i:"'i-i Fj*f:r::"'*"rgras"; the iirdviduat i

Forwaring,anexibrcrarscwar*,f ;iii,1$hiJ,ilL:':;li,.,,h*rt,uo'r"e*itiicu: T1rurx*Togtlp:li1:r''sshoutdebladesrhethltth'c:vau'i,il;;r".h. indvi


126/234

rPs Rsr,/'lle durafo.ri of confinernent vares bed upn the size of the conta-iner. For the targer rrfiaedspacc, thc individual can stand up or Sit Cowq the smaiter spaco is large enoug-h for tltesubjeci io'sit do'krl Confinement in dre larger space cen last !_ to cighteen hoursi for tlre smaller spa,conftnemeni lts for no morc thn nvo [rous.Wall stznding is used to induc muscle ,tigue. The indir"iciual srands aboui four to.fivefcet on a wall, wtlr his fcet spread approxiruatell, iq shoulde r.idtl. His nxj arc srrctchedout i front of lrirn" wittr tris fingers resting oa'dre nall. I{is hngers support all of his bodyr';eight. Tbc individual is not pcgntted ro mov" or i#position liis han


127/234

rop#ner7-isrhenappliedtotbeclcilrinacontrolldn?nlel'Asthisisdone,the.cloislowcredurltilitcovers bottr tlre nose *d ;;*rr";; 'eclothis il,J;;;1nr'"11''ers the mouthand nose, a.ir flow r. o,+ov*"i. r", to 40 ;;;;;, due to dre prxence of tl clottu Thiscuses Bo increase io t*r' i'r"Lr i" u''".-ititi';l;;t ii'it'increse ln the cbondioxide revet srirhurcres ,i.rr ,r* to ursau iilii;n oiot 9:.:l:9 "t"duees tb[.rii1,'*I:t,1i1'i,$ii;:r-';'ffi:itr'S,iffii,J

m"il'.ii.'il-d'w-1E1.-tt'" sensationordrowning s ir',n"caeij l q.,: !11.i '; jo *'' rr'" n*'"jy' nv ltteb bereDeafed. The wter is usually applied "r,^ *,t *r ufoi toruu *aterirrg canrvith a spcut'yu navc oratty i*fomed * if',"i't proccdure o-iso;L uu*onratic py'sological sensotion ofdior,,nin* rhat trre invi "uonoi *ou.ot r*-tii":;i.l1P""*:rhat hc is i fact noidros,ning. you rave ,,* rilr--t"*". * U,r,iiiri.Jy Ot U''i' pto"tdure wouid not last;;;;;ti 20 rninutes !n anv otre application'

WeatsoundustandtbatamedicalexpertwittrSFR)1exger.ienc,rr.illbepresenttiuoughour tbis phase;i;*;;r"rj.*1u;il;en.a iraryttl u:edicllv trecessarv roprcvenr svere merral ;; r* t. z"u^vo "Jlit*itned above' Z'Ubay{ah suftredar iajury during tris dl,,i:];;;; i"i"*"",,'i'pti[ u: g* * ensue that thisinjury is not in anv *"v*"t"'uuedby thc "" "it;;;;ds and th adequate medlcaladcntf on u'il l U. gfu en'to'";o"t oot 'witl'heal propcrly'[.

Inrhispatt,rvetviewtlscqEtextu,itldd*ichtheseproceduresrviltbeapplied.Youhavc inforrne or'tt"t'vJu u"-ok"n *"'io*.'tptio g"uaii wtril^efll if ury' thesetechniqrrcs ..uout t'"uJii u6".;t ;iit"f tt*t' These same teohnques' wi(h the excepttonof the iseot ,o *" .or; rp**, rr^u" *n *ed and continue to be used on so$smernbers of our military personnel-during tlt"ir'tsJR truining' Because of,tbc use of theseorocedures io training ui o,rn iliwy p"*oooi"tlitt ii"oeutions) yqu ha*e consultedivith various indird,jJr;;..t'i. "r".'J;.ti.;;i*tit*Jortn*e technlques' You bavedone so n onler * *r"r. rir"i oo protonged ""fi;]]; ;uld rsult frorn tlre use oftheseproposed Procedurgs'rluougrr rcur consurtation yithyrilus-':'':,*:::t:ii:i:i;i*'lli,'l'Xhave learnsd tLat ths tcchniqucs bavc

:'ear period that hc sPent

conduct without' alrYf tttq $R school., during tbc seven'

iifi iJrii#:ffi jiti ; ";;; *i n ed lcsur t o r bci n g p raced i a'.'J ' ' ,y#"*


128/234

/rrcRErcorifineu'ert box. Tle orlrer inquirl involVed clairns tlt tlre SERI training ctrsed tvondividrals to engge in crnrinal belavior, nafnely, fclony slroplifting and dorvrtloading child .pon:ograpiry nto amtltary computer. Accordingto tls official, *"t "tt,;;:l:rryffilt:,tl;H*:fiffi $iiii','itrJii:fr ml;,,*,or*vr--dropped oui of the traoing follorving the usc of thes tcchnigues. Alttough on rare.occasionssorne studnrs tcnrporarily postponed ihe reouinder ofihei training and received psychologicalcounseling, tbose st.rdenrs vre able to finish the program wircut any indication of subsequentlnenral health effccts.Yo havc infomred us fhar you

ten"yers, insEE is ai'ar!, noiroiiraitii.'dl.$'*'1t6:tplted.the program. suffecd rryadves" arental health effets. I{c fox4ed tou,ihat tbrew onc piri;04 wtiq fid nat omBle

services. of tlose4.3 petcnq only 3.2 lercent werc pqlld oq tbe,gro"saru'for Bsychologicalresons. Thus, out of the sodents traiued'ov.erat! dy 0.t.g[.we+gpullOd fqoin the

tbetraining. Thatpersonexperienced'anadrerscmentl.hotthea*tionihatlasted.oulyiwohours. Afrer those hvo horus, ihe ndividr:al's syluptorls spontaneously.dissipted wituoutrsquiring hcatnent qr counseling and no other symptoms l{'ere or,ef repofted by tlris individual.According to tlrc irformation. you trave provided to us, this asscssn:ent of the use of theseprocedures irrcludes dte use of rhe rvaterbod.to s.

a course of condnot,of the insect i:r the confiement bo:t and the waterbosrd. TLis icnorandu: conrms thaf tbeusc of these procedures has not resulted i any reported. rstans of prolonged mental furm, ardff;:iliffi fr i,li:*ffi i:ff l:is,:"f; to'lhe'lrajni'gp#'holoeic{il reactions during raning, Of thd 26,829 students traied fronr 1992 rtroqgh 200Ii the Ai Forc SERE taining, 4.3 pcant of ose studehts bad conact with ps?qholo$/pmgnl for psyclrological reasons. Fudrermor, ihat snwesof students having complecd rliisraining uo pot done, he@-ffifiden flnt the frainingdid not cause'anylong-ternr psychologlcai inrpact. I{e based.lris couclusion dn the dcbricfing ofsbrdents tbat is done afi.cr tho rraining, Moire inrportantly, hebued ris assessmeil oB the facttra( althouglr training is required to be clfremety strsrl in or.der to bc e,ffetivc, very fetvcomplaints havc beeir made regarding dre Eaining. During his tnure. n whicb 10,000 studentsrvere lrained, no congressional conrplain{s hr,e been made. V,,hilc thEre }vas one ImpcctorGeqerat complaint, it wa oot due to psi'chological co'ncens, Moreovcr, he rvas awalc of onlyone lat inquirng about tbe loag-"* impact ofthcse teclniqu ftom an iadividual tnined;rr*, s


129/234

roydnsrfi:fr iii:'$':ffiri$i;54*xr:mimal."rr/ i tr r res pe c r o t r c .,vere'b o a r d, vo u 1": :li: ff :llil11gi', li ily.iii:::[*#ii,::ii:ffi#"i'ffi :i',f nfjt',|ffi Kfl ffJ;'ff 'n*"'il, "-t""""i lr e a t Jr c seq uerrc e s u"'l F-Tl"' J^i ilri[; ; Jntal heal ti:[**:,,,*l',:Hff"HH:l*"tittl*'ffi,;'"Hlrl,',il,':rlii',"n*[::i*i*';*nU:,'ii:**',:'ffi 'hwT"ffi;ffi ;t *;ro'ot ufft!tiu* in produciog.cooPertindiccd drat lte r'" ou"J'l"lu* ufthu o'a"rboard nNaq uaining sqdmes. Each tin,. ;r ,"r,1i; :;-";;;"t" o* ', 'i'."r' r" arv phlsicl harur to tlrosrudent' ' ' "l data on the effect***J;i,fi ;:4lt:X'i$:+:r,1g[^".,i.ffi *T*'*:**"lffi'"tir."" i*"*t * lhat is trot uncolurn'cn rori:l"JTr"Ttrirrt]il*1,tr1*Hr*,iJf i1ii;;*"v"d-'.

r,,'ho qxpcrlenc *"lt P"';ilil ';toi:q'l'"t' fi''J-x1*asuchepiioccs prior to (tre

slecp deprliano*. ";""'"'iil:J *f."r*irit ii"neilt tl*p ttol'tlfoo sh'edro

Dsvchosis, toosenrng of, tlroughrs, flattenng "f *t."t, -siorrs; oi paranOid idq' irt onetur", .ur^ after eleven-duys r "p*a** ii o"'*i' o' pt**ot urah d4maged occurrec'tnr,actrhc!rd.ividual"0.,a"t"Jii"s.lrgrrr.,.nonaeft*onenigl'ssleep' Furei'based on the exp"ri*r,'"'Jr.,i.G* *tu"'.,ct*tu ir it in*" for up to 48 boun)'-vou fund,r,ut "'urvl""r"i"i" ru" i"iiil *l q"'leep deprivati on i sdiscoirtinuel ' '"o"'o' tit tt""il t"ti' after a few good nighs of seep'You havc ia'lien thc additional step of consultirus rvith tJ'S 'inteogetions eiPcrts' ffidodrer individur, *,'..'*,**;;;:L*ll;ffi; p,o...,'-Non'"or ttre'sc incividuls \\'si."r,nv,-"-!i1T*:fi3.giri'it*:lil:*t',i:,io;;H:i:i-*cithex seParateY or Iwho reportcd tt''ut ut" ua\\'aro "f ',.' J;;;t" t"*go*

problems have occurc't us rcsult of theso tecbniqres'

Moreovet,inconsulting*,itlranumberofmentalha[bexper,youhaveleamedtbattrre erfcct or"nv orr;;;;;;i"""""'o' in""-i;""i:*::$",i:lllli:it""".rrr* history *oilitolo*ic'oit"ntlet*s' tt t)t cndq you lrv rn'rc}$'lREr


130/234


131/234

to&ssryrarher'rru.i:i."i, jiiil,J;:#:H:''.',,ilf :|'*:i tilani'e' uis enironment ana |:sircs'^$;;i1';;}t;uto'in" u'tro i' uniL*:.ffi Li}i:ifliin'iffi *-1ry*u.i.'*,****i:ii:',il:\i',Ilii::Hi;J;,i, pi'i*'"'li:':'*i,'",'.1',:ii"'"li'ffihlsizcs tha"ffiiffi;;;o,"'rtout oneniog up to otners *t ';:;;'ir. i Lr..' ''' moods audllliJfl ?:r#n*'*;.i:il{'"":'ii't'*i'"'*"''*."lJoo**ilo"';;ii;1*..'*1,0iffi fi :ffi:S:#';:f i';ff j""-Qed safetrouses nd e not havo any.pre-extstigg menur c!ndirons orAccorrlig to t'o reports' Zubavd'dr doemot;t:;3ffi;' iootptopo:*

rL'$iT'1'*"*.,ifr $15rfr-'ff i"f iu;r-ffii,r#;U,''**=giru*11*'*''Hi:ff i.i'i''J'iijr:il;;i1;t=':'igf ,*i:lTi:i::"i:*:,"i;:gl"*;i*:,,:ffi lfi ]::].:,iL'i=l.,,"*"o''to hirn, and ttren *n*, ".,J".-iur.rr.rrn.'.n.)i;l* n. it. u1"itt-t]v sclf-sufficient andrerieso*bisuna"*oi,.on,i*.","r"'ijflffi i:*r"'m,yli:,i't"""-:".,,ff t{ffif i*i",'ffi,,iffi n,l;o;;;il;.r,"4"*readcrs'aodcarnaaderieorr*.-,i*,ii.i,,*.n,",;J,n:#nn',*.Lt:^*"fi;ff; f.'ffi : : *mrun: ; :i$TJh:iil;* ;" l:: :':' i n s I ep You descri b ethar in an inui.l *r,i,iJl;;r;iilt.1,, zuqllJowta signs of snip'athecic nervous s)'sremarousar, ,vhich you J;';;;;iiv r*,. Ar,b*ilr'i;i'"ri*:l'-o lli^il:il",'... ,",i nte I I i.gcn ce inronn oiii h-;t:al; 3ui:ly ttt* his cornPosure' tttiiitl'tt""g rcsolvd' rot to reveal en* itfonxation'

o\,erall, you srunmarizs ls priuarl strengths as tlre folorvi,g. . ariiity to focus'goal.


132/234

,ur"{*,,/stl-.ac!r. ,Additionally, 'ou beleve iie nray be wilting to disclose some infol'nlatiorl particularlyinforn:a{on he deerx ro nor be critical, but rvhicl: may ulinare!,v be useful (o u.r rvhctr piecedlogerher rvid other inrelligence infonretion you have gainctl.

1.Secton 2i40A rnekes it a ciimjnal tTe:sq for any pcrson "ourside of thc United'Srates[rol conrnritfl or e$erpt[] ro contrt toure." Section 2340(l ) defincs tornrb asiar act comnied by a person actiug under 0re color ol'lirrv specifcally intended toinr'ict severe physcal or rnental pain or sffcring (othcr than pair or suffriringincdenlal to farl sancdons) upon another person.uriirr' his custody ofphysicatconuol.

l8U.S,C.$2340(t). ,{sweoutline


133/234

rcv,,dsr/section 2340 is pain tct is diffcuit or rhc individtral to endure attd is of an iutensity

akin to lbe;,;.,,*-::i:*1,ii;'1;iJ;T#:-'ffi f,',lTff,',ilii::i:iSuuon thc TVPA Precedeut,-rruie are, entotrg otter,r;r"r,""t"" t*"'ng' *itriiffitt t""lt as cubs' an tltc bunrilg ofprisoners. see id.air*. **n. .to*ut;rifi;;;osea t"ctuquts itrllicts sucl'"tin'

Thefac.ialhotr!stldtlteattetr(iorlgraspin.,,olvenophysical.pairi.lrtlrcabsenceoisuclroai* ir is obvious 0'., ,n., "^nro Ur roiito iuni"t r".it'pysical'pain or sufiering'The stress

nosirions an


134/234

rop#p/inclividua.l do not result rr ser,ere pain. Thc facial slap and rvailir.g conmiu precau(ions to ensur:erltat no p:n even approechirg his level results. The slep is delivered wth fingers stightlyspread. rvhich you havc explained to us is desgncd to be tess pajdul than a closed-lrund slap,The slap is also deli',,cecl to the fl*dry part of tlre facc, further rcducing any risk of physicaldaaragc or serious pairu The lacial slan does not producc paitr that is difr-rcult rs errdurc.Lilierv[5e, rvalllng irvolvcs quickly putlng lbe person fontard aod then tfrirsting hm agair*xt aflexibtc falsc rvall. You bave informcd us tlt e sound ofhining the lrall will $ct'ralty be trir\\'orse dl5r1 any possible inju-'y tn tl. fndividual. '[1're usc of thc rolled towcl aoud itrc leck alsorduces any rlsk ofinlory. Wtrle it nray lruf to be pushed agahrst dre rvall, any paiu expcriericedis not ofthe inrcnsiry asscciated wi.th scricusphysi&t iouj,.

-4s rte ttttderstund it, u'ltcn the r,.,aterboaid is used, tlic subject's body responds as if thesubject vcre drorvning-+vcn drough tlre subject may be wel!. arire that heis iri fact notdrovoling' You have inlbmcd us at tlris prctcedure do nor inflict gcual physical raror. T1rus,althouglr. t'he subject rnal, eq:crence the fer or pirc associatcd rvitb rhe fecling of drorr,lring,'Jte q'eterboard does not inict pbysical pain, As rve erplaincd in rlrc sectiou 23,10A.{enroraldunr, ,!ain and suffrng,' as uscd iu Section j3+o is besr understood as r siigleconcePtl not distinct corrcep3 of "pain" as dstingusficd fqnt "zuffering," ,o Sec(ion 2340Ll'femorandum at n-3. Thc r'.elcrboad, wlrich iuflicts ro pan or actua-i trarir rv[:arsoev.:r, ,cocsllot: in our r'iew ilrflict ""evefe pain or sufferng." Even ifone vere lo parse tlrc statulc norclfly ,o -llen1Pt to trcat- "suffering" as a disiuit conccpt. thc ,v"rerboad cauld not be said toiniict -


135/234

ry#tr:ffmtrfiln*i'*l'g-*ffi*iffiat 8. No other acts can st*l;r:":i.',,i'.'..r,:nlp-:qli'''u**'ffi-rquire'r',e,rt the plohibtiorr li rotAeen "T]ilil';J*"f"*l tf"*t to-any'::: ffi ;;', i, p t. in,*:m:.:l.ff i$,iiti';;",,r,. i'*r iu. " ": ::::.';#:l: :],ilft , .o anY kir'd of dtugs' or.,r] ,," q""stion i,,.**" '"i' or tr'"'" *t'' l'llJ!.*it"l,t,u;fif['rt*: ;m;;..r,;;i ;.,;".re p!sicar paii .rJ.i,iiil|;i:;ffi l*n*rr,., .,'. *i:", , ,r'"" "rr*i"'* 1*t1:-j" ;i':y#iJ r.'*t'i'ir,' *t'ject's posltion ' See r' erilil;*;;sed 'om the skrdpoint of arcni{)'

\o arBurncnr can be oradc t}rar, tbe ?,,1"f",.3;::n".,iJ:if3rill,.l:|':.t .Jii'lr,i:'',f, .Tvlii*T,::ii:ii*;*':' j:i3:iilJ,lHril;;;ttti"n us' dte usc of these'-ecluuqui6 5qu.,', phvsical poin'i"iit''i'g: T: ht extent that

thcsc tehiqu": ti;;;"J;m re-acts'.}.rliJi:,f;J#itij"Srff.;l,'l:i'i.,,*llT jT:".l"i"'l"'e'"'l"'r'reasouable person in ;;;;;;ilt"'i""-t11i""''*; ; '; tf sqve-c-ain or suffeius'Acordingly,tbcsetq'ot*l'"qu"'arenolp*oi*itl'intl"io''ringofSection2340'

Thef'acialslaplikewsefatlsorrrsideresetofpre.dicatlacr;.,.rlr3lajnlyisnotai]uaarof::JJ."'J:,$.,l:n:*f d'tril'l't'i,,i,:lif"{iliJ,'ff:,,,ltiitl**fr trTiif ii'ffi dii*'ili'*'''*.'l*',xr'ili.ii:;'iji'.1iLr-4i-ilir"*'"r*""J:i:"'disrodgeanv."I-.oiaton o", r"o1,.il :1Tf'J;;"r",",:tr;::"1*Jr^fiffi''i':i:';tlmii:",ffi iiijiiy:f :"'f-Y-1f ru;*uili;llinnml,'"'*r-;l;::ilffi ::lJ:ilt'';ristorpredica'leacts

t),"rr(r*


136/234

rop ssdRr./' Walling plainly is not a proce.durc calculare

t)


137/234

,/TO,,fcRErbottrstandandsit"hetlraybeptacediritlsboxfo.ruptoeighteerrhounal"atiine.whileyouhVcinformed u, 11 !e rvtl J:I;i'";;t ; rtti* ii"l in the smalrer box' 'Thesc tirnelinits furdlerensue that "tft*;t"ptili "r-** sesos or pcrsonelity' rvere tt evenoossibtc, woutd resutr. ;"i:i"i$r"J"ni"*entboxes docs uo( corritilute alro.*,lu* caculaled ," d;;;;tuodly ti't t"ntts or personality'

NordoestleuseofttreboxestltteatcttZubay*,.uft5verephysicallairrorsuffrr:irrg'\\,ujte a


138/234

rop s}lluir/tlre inteudcd result. His nee reduced abilily to evade you questior:s ald resis( alurveng doesnot, hor{ever, isc ro the level cf ilisniption leQuired by the stahrtc. s r"e explained ab0r'. adist'upton vithiir tJre meaning of the stalure is an ex(rene one, subsfeltially interfering with anindividual's cognitve biliries, for exaruplc, inducing hlluclna(ions. tti driving him fo eogage i:runcharactcrisdc sef'4esrructivc behavior. See inf.a l3; Section ?3{04 l',{en:orandulir al | .Tl:r'eforc, he lmitecl Lue of slcep drivation dos not corstiiutc one of thc required rredicale3CiS.

V/e fin,l that the use of rhe rrutsrboard constf utes thet of imrniuent detlt. As youItave explaincd d:e rvarosrd procedure rc us, it cieates in the subjecl the ttnconqotlableptrysologiql schsation tt the subjcct is drorvni4g. Allbouglr ttrc pioccdure rr,ill be moritoredby personnel wih medical uaining and ex(eniive SbRE school oxpeducc ivith this prq-cdurcwlro uill sllsurc d.e subject's menhl and phlscal safety, ibe subject ls not aae of any of thesonrearutons. Fron the vanlage point ofany reasrable penon undeigoing tliS procedure in suohcircunrJtancs, h.c rvorrld feel as if he is drowning at ,sry notleli of iire :rocedue due to theuncontrollable ph.vsiological sensatio he is experienoing, Tlius, lhjs procedwe cautot bevicrve-d as too u:cerlaiuto satis$'the inmitence rcqur'ement. Accortiingly, t constitutes ath:eat olimnine nt cicath and f.rliills the predicata acl rcquircnrenr uoer th.e staltrte.

Althorrgh de rvateboac constfirtcs a thrct.of iruninent deadu prolonged menfal harrnnlust noltetheless r-r,sult l.o violate e stanrory.prohibilion ou infliction of sevee mental paitr r:rsuffedng- ,Ico Seoiion 2340 Memorndrun et 7, We.lra've prcl,iously coucluded..tbalprolongeclmenta:l bann is menlal hasr of some !sling dirilou o,g,,. menl rantr laSting rnortlis or yeus.,Se ld. Prolonged meutal harul is not simBly the sl,ress orpericnced in, or examplq aninterrgation b, state police. ,Sec dd Besed on your resegrch inrc tle wc of tlicse methods at the'SERE school and cousuliation rvith others rvith er:"pcnisc in the ileld of psychotogy anclinerrogation, you do not anticioate that an'prlonged nlerrtl bu:u woukj iesult tiom the use oftile \^'atrboald, Indced, you lrave advised us th the relief is almost irnlediate s4rcu rhe clorh isreruord fronr thc ttose and nlouth [n the abssrce of pro]ongcd menial lralnr, oo severc nresulnin or rrrfl'r.rttg trrrld hnvc bncn inflicted, and tbc xc of heso procdurss worlrl uot const.inirctortu;.c wtlin fhe rneaning of ihe statu.te.

V/hen t"bese acts are cor,sidercd as a course of conduc! \!rc unsure whethcr thesc acrsn:ay con

CIA Oig Report

Documents

Transcript of CIA Oig Report