Chuyen de Quan Li Nguon Nuoc

TRNG I HC TY BC

---(((---

GING A LAU

nh gi thc trng cng tc qun l v s dng ngun nc ti bn Th T, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, tnh in Bin.Lp: K52-H QLTNR & BVMT (A)BO CO KT THC HC PHNNgi hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Th Minh ChuSn La, nm 2014MC LC

4T VN

5PHN I:

5TNG QUAN VN NGHIN CU

51.1. Vit Nam.

101.2. Bn Th T, x Ta Ma.

12PHN II:

12MC TIU, PHM VI, I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU.

122. 1. Mc tiu nghin cu.

122.1.1. Mc tiu chung.

122.1.2. Mc tiu c th.

122.2. i tng, phm vi nghin cu.

122.2.1. i tng nghin cu.

122.2.2. Phm vi nghin cu.

122.3. Ni dung nghin cu.

122.3.1. iu tra tnh hnh s dng v cng tc qun l ngun nc.

122.3.2. a ra nhng gii php v hng i c th cho a phng.

122.4. Phng php nghin cu.

14PHN III:

14C IM KHU VC NGHIN CU.

143.1. iu kin t nhin.

143.1.1. V tr a l:

143.1.2. c im kh hu,thy vn

143.1.2.1. Kh hu:

153.1.2.2.Thy vn

153.1.3. Cc ngun ti nguyn khc.

153.1.3.1. Ti nguyn t

153.1.3.2 Ti nguyn nc

153.1.3.3. H thng thy li v nc sinh hot.

163.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca khu vc nghin cu.

163.2.1.Thun li.

163.2.2. Kh khn.

163.3. Mt s khi nim.

163.3.1. Khi nim mi trn, nhin mi trng.

173.3.2. Vai tr ca nc, mt s khi nim.

19Hnh 4.1. Chu trnh tun hon ca nc

20PHN IV:

20KT QU THO LUN.

204.1. iu tra iu kin c bn ca i tng cn nghin cu.

204.1.1. nh gi v hin trng s dng ngun nc trong bn.

214.1.1.1. S dng nc trong nng nghip.

224.1.1.2. S dng nc trong nui trng thy sn.

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc417634111"

_Toc417634111

234.1.1.3. S dng nc cho sinh hot hng ngy.

24 nc.

244.1.1.4. S dng nc cho chm nui.

244.1.2. nh gi v cng tc qun l ngun nc ca ngi dn trong bn.

264.1.3. Nhng thun li v kh kh khn trong cng tc qun l ngun nc ti bn.

264.1.3.1. Thun li.

274.1.3.2. Kh khn.

274.1.4. Nhng nguyn nhn gy nhin mi trng v cn kit ngun nc ti bn.

284.1.5. Nhng gii php, trch nhin bo v qun l ngun nc ti bn.

284.1.5.1.Gii php.

294.1.5.2. Trch nhin ca chnh quyn a phng.

294.1.5.3. Trch nhim ca ngi dn trong bn.

30PHN V:

30KT LUN, TN TI, KHUYN NGH.

305.1. Kt lun.

305.2. Tn ti.

315.3. Khuyn ngh.

33TI LIU THAM KHO

DANH MC BNG BIU

21Biu 4.1: S h gia nh c din tch rung trong bn.

22Biu 4.2: S h gia nh c ao trong bn

24Biu 4.3. Biu tng hp phng vn 30 h dn v mc s dng cc loi nc.

26Biu 4.4: Mc quan tm ti ngun nc v bo v mi trng ca ngi dn.

DANH MC HNH NH19Hnh 4.1. Chu trnh tun hon ca nc

21Hnh 4.2. S th hin s lng sng sui trong bn.

T VN Nc l ngun ti nguyn ti to, l nhu cu c bn ca mi s sng trn Tri t v rt cn thit cho cc hot ng kinh t - x hi ca loi ngi. u c nc, c s sng. Trong c th sng, nc chim khong 70% khii lng c th con ngi trng thnh. Nc cn c coi nh mt tiu im nh gi mc sng, s pht trin ca mi quc gia hoc mi khu vc. Thm ch nc - cn l nguyn nhn ca chin tranh, ca tranh chp v chia r.

Nc sch a vo c th con ngi nhiu nguyn t cn thit nh: Fe, F, Zn, Cu,.... ngc li nc nhim bn li a vo c th nhiu vi khun gy bnh. Nc bn cha nhiu cc cht c hi nh: Pb, Hg, As, thuc tr su, cc ho cht gy ung th khc.Do , nc dng cho cuc sng phi v s lng v m bo an ton v cht lng.Trn phm vi ton cu, ti nguyn nc ang chu nhng p lc ngy cng nng n. S gia tng dn s v pht trin kinh t dn n nhng cnh tranh v mu thun gay gt trong qu trnh khai thc v s dng ti nguyn nc, nht l i vi nhng dng sng lin quc gia. Bn cnh , vic khai thc qu mc ti nguyn t v ti nguyn rng cng dn n nhng tc ng tiu cc i vi ti nguyn nc nh tng dng chy l, gim dng chy cn, tng mc xi mn lu vc, gy bi lng v lm gim tui th ca cc h cha, p dng. S thiu hiu bit v thiu nhng bin php phng chng nhim cn thit lm cho ti nguyn nc b suy thoi thm v cht. Trong bi cnh , vic nhn thc c tm quan trng ca ti nguyn nc, nm vng nhng quy lut c th v tim nng v ti nguyn nc cng nh phng php qun l, bo v, khai thc v s dng hp l, bn vng ti nguyn nc ca Vit Nam.Chnh v nhng l do trn m ti tin hnh chn ti nh gi thc trng cng tc qun l v s dng ngun nc ti bn Th T, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, tnh in Bin. a ra nhng bin php v hng i s dng ti nguyn nc bn vng v hp l cho ngi dn y.PHN I:TNG QUAN VN NGHIN CU

Vn d mi trng nng thn v c th l vn nc sch cng nh bo v ti nguyn nc trong t nhng thp nin u ca th k XXI tr thnh ti nng ca rt nhiu ti nghin cu v cc chng trnh quc gia. C th:Th nht, Chng trnh cp nc, v sinh th v nng thn ca Ngn hng th gii (WB), t chc Ngn hng th gii thc hin chng trnh ny trn hn 30 quc gai chu v chu Phi, vi hnh thc ch yu l kho st a im v u t cho hot ng xy dng c s h tng: nh my x l, khoa hc- k thut bo v mi trng, h tr nhn dn xy dng cc cng trnh v sinh ng quy chun, vi mc ch ngi dn nng thn c s dng nc sch v nh tiu hp v sinh, m bo sc khe cho nhn dn trong mi trng trong sch nht. Chng trnh dng ngun vn kin thit c s h tng l ch yu, t c hiu qu rt nhiu nc, song nc ta chng trnh ny vn cha t c hiu qu nhanh chng, bi n cha thc s bm st vo c im phong tc tp qun, mc sng cng nh thi quen sinh hot ca dn nng thn vn c nhiu im khc bit mi vng min. V vy nh my v cc cng trnh k thut v nhng khon u t ca chng trnh ny vn ang trong tnh trng cha trit , cha lm n ni.1.1. Vit Nam.

Vit Nam l quc gia c ngun ti nguyn nc xp vo loi trung bnh kh trn th gii nhng c nhiu yu t khng bn vng. Nc ta c khong 830 t m3 nc mt, trong ch c 310 t m3 c to ra do ma ri trong lnh th, chim 37%; cn 63% do lng ma ngoi lnh th chy vo. Tng tr lng tim tng nc di t c kh nng khai thc, cha k phn hi o tnh 60 t m3/nm. Nu k c nc mt v nc di t trn phm vi lnh th th bnh qun u ngi t 4.400 m3/ngi/nm, so vi th gii l 7.400 m3/ngi/nm.

Lng nc sn sinh t ngoi lnh th chim gn 2/3 tng lng nc c c. S phn b ca c nc mt ln nc di t khng u. Theo khng gian, ni c lng ma nhiu nht l Bch M 8.000mm/nm; Bc Qang, B N khong 5.000mm/ nm, trong khi ca Phan R ch t xp x 400mm/nm. Theo thi gian, ma l ch ko di t 3-5 thng, nhng chim ti 70 80% lng nc c nm. Ma l, lng ma ln nht t trn 1.500mm/ ngy, song ma cn nhiu thng li khng c ma.S khng thun li ca ti nguyn nc trong s dng v khai thc. Nc ta c khong 2.360 con sng c chiu di hn 10km. Trong s 13 lu vc chnh v nhnh c din tch ln hn 10.000km2 th n 10/13 sng c quan h vi nc lng ging, trong 3/13 sng thng ngun Vit Nam, h ngun chy sang nc lng ging; 7 sng thng ngun nc lng ging, h ngun Vit Nam. iu ny cho thy Vit Nam khng nhng b rng buc ngun li v nc ca quc gia th hai, th ba chia s, m thng b ng.S cn kit ti nguyn nc ngy cng tng. Dn s tng, ch s lng nc trn u ngi gim. Mt khc, nn ph rng ngy mt tng cao trng c ph, ph rng ly g ly g, ly ci, ly t lm nng ry, kh kim sot lm nhiu sng, sui kh kit v ma cn; lm tng tc xi mn t, tng tnh trm trng ca l lt v ma ma. nhim nc ngy mt trm trng do tc th ha, cng nghip ha, hin i ha ngy mt tng nhanh trong khi nc thi, rc thi cha c kim sot cht ch. Vic s dng ha cht bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc ngy mt tng, kh kim sot, nhim nc do nc thi, cht thi ca cc ao nui thy sn x trc tip khng qua x l vo ngun nc.

Tnh trng nhim nc do nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip tr thnh vn quan trng ti nhiu thnh ph, th x, c bit l ti cc thnh ph ln nh H Ch Minh, Hi Phong, H Ni, v cc khu cng nghip. nhim nc do hot ng nng nghip cng l vn nghim trng ti nhiu vng nng thn, c bit ti chu th sng hng v sng Cu Long. Hin tng nhim mn, hay chua do qu trinhg t nhin v do hot ng ca con ngi ang l vn nghim trng vng chu th sng Cu Long.Vit Nam l nc ng Nam c chi ph nhiu nht cho thy li. C nc hin c 75 h thng thy nng, vi 659 h, p ln v va, trn 3.500 h, p nh, 1.000 cng tiu, trn 2.000 trm bm ln nh, trn 10.000 my bm cc loi, c kh nng cung cp 60 - 70 t m3/nm. Tuy nhin, nhiu h thng thu nng xung cp nghim trng, ch p ng c 50 - 60% cng sut thit k.

Lng nc s dng hng nm cho nng nghip khong 93 t m3, cho cng nghip l 17,3 t m3, cho dch v l 2 t m3, cho sinh hot l 3,09 t m3. D tnh ti nm 2030 dn s c nc t 129 triu trong dn thnh ph ln 60 triu, kinh t tng trng 10 ln, GDP u ngi tng 7 ln, din tch ti tng 3,4%/nm, chun cp nc tng gp i, 150 lt/ngy/ngi, 100% dn c cp nc sch vo nm 2020. C cu dng nc s thay i theo xu hng nng nghip 75%, cng nghip 16%, tiu dng 9%. Nhu cu nc dng s tng gp i, chim khong 1/10 tng lng nc sng ngi, 1/3 lng nc ni a, 1/3 lng dng chy n nh.

Nc ta c trn 700 th t cp I n cp V, nhu cu cp nc sinh hot trong cc th ngy cng gia tng. Hin nay, tiu chun cp nc th l 150 n 200l/ngi dn. Trong s gn 2 triu m3 nc cp cho dn th mi ngy, khong 30% lng nc ny c khai thc t ngun t. nng thn, vn nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn ang l vn nan gii do nhng kh khn t nhin v kinh t x hi ca vng. C trn 50% h dn ang dng nc ging khi, 25% dng nc sng sui, trn 10% dng nc ma. c tnh, mi c khong 30% dn s c ngun nc tng i sch, trong ch c khong 10% t tiu chun quc gia. C khu vc nng thn c khong 80% lng nc c cp vi tiu chun 50 n 80l/ngi dn. Tuy nhin, c th ln khu vc nng thn ngun nc c cp ch m bo 50 n 85%. Cn cc h gia nh, c s sn xut phi t tm kim, khai thc ngun nc v t x l s dng. V vy s tn tht nc trong cc hot ng ny rt ln.Do lng ma ln, a hnh dc, nc ta l mt trong 14 nc c tim nng thy in ln. Cc nh my thy in hin nay sn xut khong 11 t kWh, chim 72 n 75% sn lng in c nc. Vi tng chiu di cc sng v knh khong 40.000km, a vo khai thc vn ti 15.00km, trong qun l trn 8.00km. Nhng song sui t nhin, thc nc, c s dng lm im tham quan, du lch. Nhng vng t ngp nc, ni qun t cc loi ng vt hoang d l nhng ni sinh thi l tng V nui trng thy hi sn, nc ta c 1 triu ha mt nc ngt, 400.000 ha mt nc l v 1.470.000 ha mt nc sng ngi, c hn 14 triu ha mt nc ni thy v lnh hi. Tuy nhin cho n nay mi s dng 12,5% din tch mt nc l, nc mn v 31% din tch mt nc ngt. Thc trng ty nguyn nc ca Vit Nam.

Theo Bo co hin trng mi trng quc gia 2005 (16/12/2005, H Ni) c nu Ngun nc di t b nhim do vic chn lp gia cm b dch khng ng quy cch. Tnh n cui nm 2004, hn 40 triu gia cm b tiu hy, chim gn 20% tng n trn c nc. Nguy c nhim nc di t t cc hc chn lp, tiu hy gia cm l rt cao, c bit trong ma ma Ch 4,26% lng nc thi Cng nghip c x l m bo tiu chun mi trng; tnh trng ph dng nc do nhim ha cht bo v thc vt; nc cn nhim t gia cm...

- nhim ngun nc t chn nui gia sc gia cm:

Vic chn nui gia sc gia cm h gia nh vng nng thn cha c thc tit kim ngun nc trong vic v sinh chung tri cha c h thng x l cht thi thi vo ao h, b t hoi thm vo t gy nhim mi trng c bit l ngun nc ngm. Nc di t xung quanh khu vc chn lp gia cm nhim bnh b nhim do nguyn nhn ch yu l nc thi sinh ra trong qu trnh phn hy gia cm pht tn ra bn ngoi h chn lp do lt y khng k hoc khng lt y. Ngoi ra, do khng c u t ng mc nn h thng cng thot nc cha c xy dng hon chnh, hu ht cc cng khng c np nn nhim mi trng l khng th trnh khi. Mi gia nh c trung bnh t 4 5 ngi; chung ln c t 2 4 con; chung tru, b c t 1 2 con; chung g vi khong 10 15 con, 10 20 con ngan vt. C mt n hai ao nh th c. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi ny rt cao, tng ng vi nc rc r r trong thi gian phn hy ca g trong h s ko di c th ti mt vi nm. - nhim t ngun nc thi sinh hot.

Vit Nam hin nay, mc tng dn s nhanh chng a nc ta vo hng th 12 trong s cc quc gia c s dn ng ca th gii. Vi mc tng dn nhanh nh th, mi nm nc ta tng thm 1,4 triu ngi v d bo n nm 2015 s l 100 triu ngi. D bo n nm 2020 s c 50% s dn sng cc vng th. Dn s tng, nhu cu nc cho mi hot ng sinh hot v pht trin kinh t tng ln, cc ngun cht thi tng ln s nhim mi trng nc cng tng ln.

Hu ht, nc thi th u cha c x l trc khi x thi ra mi trng. Ngoi ra, nc r r t cc bi rc cng l ngun gy nhim ngun nc mt v nc ngm nghim trng v c trng ca loi nc thi ny c hm lng cht gy nhim cao, mu ln. Trong khi c nc mi ch c mt vi bi chn lp rc c h thng x l nc rc hot ng thng xuyn v m bo tiu chun mi trng.Nc thi sinh hot bao gm t khu nh bp v nh v sinh nn cha rt nhiu cht hu c v sinh vt gy bnh. Ngoi ra, trong nc thi sinh hot cn c nhiu loi ha cht khc nhau, c bit l cht ty ra. Nc thi thng ng trong cc h thng cng lu ngy nn cng c hi v c mi hi thi. y l ngun nhim ng ch i vi cc thy vc tip nhn (ao, h, sng,). Trong , nguy him hn c l s gy ra cho ngun nhim nc ngm bi cc dng thm khng kim sot c t ngun nhim hoc b nhim bn qua tng t nhim,

- Nc thi cng nghip.

Cng nghip l nghnh lm nhim nc quan trng, mi nghnh c mt loi nc thi khc nhau. Khu cng nghip Thi Nguyn thi nc bin sng Cu thnh mu en, mt nc si bt trn chiu di hng chc km. Khu cng nghip Vit Tr x mi ngy hng ngn m3 nc thi ca nh my ha cht, thuc tr su, giy, dt xung sng Hng lm cho nc b nhim ng k.

Nc thi Cng nghip xm nhp gy nhim cc tng cha nc di t cng l nguy c gy nhim kim loi nng, nit v asen... trong nc ngm. Theo thng k s b th ch khong 4,26% lng nc thi cng nghip c x l m bo tiu chun mi trng (nm 2005). Vi lng cht thi kh ln t cc nh my, x nghip, nc thi cng nghip chim mt lng ln trong tng lng nc thi hng ngy thnh ph ln, hn na mc gy nhim ca nc thi cng nghip cao hn nhiu so vi nc thi sinh hot do cha nhiu ha cht c hi kh phn hy . Do kinh ph cn hn hp, iu kin cha cho php nn hu ht nc thi thng ra h thng knh rch, sng ngi m cha qua x l gy nn tnh trng nhim trm trng cho cc ngun ny, ngoi ra cn nhiu ngun gy nhin khc nh: Nc thi nng nghip, nc thi t cc bnh vin.1.2. Bn Th T, x Ta Ma.Bn Th t, x Ta Ma, huyn tun gio tnh in bin l mt trong nhng bn kh khn v kinh t, vi dn c l ngi dn tc H mng trnh dn ch thp, kinh t gia nh ch yu da vo t cung t cp l chnh, a hnh dc, s lng sui rt t, lng nc chy mt thng cn kit vo ma kh lm cho ngi dn y thiu nc vo ma kh v vy ngi dn sng ch yu da vo canh tc nng ry l chnh. C nhng h gia nh c thu nhp cao hn th u t mua dy ng dn nc hn chc km dn v nhng lng nc dn v cng ch cho 2 3 gia nh dng v lng nc chy trong ng rt nh. Trong tnh trng thiu nc ca bn cui nm 2007 chng trnh 135 xy dng b dn nc v cho bn cho ngi dn phn no nhng lng do nc chy rt t nn cng khng p ng c ht nhu cu sinh hot ca ngi dn, ng dn nc v b ch hot ng c gn 3 nm th ngi dn ph hng ht, do cho thy thc t bo v ti sn chung ca ngi dn y rt thp. chng trnh dn nc v cho bn chia lm hai t nhng cho n nay b nc v ng dn xung cp ht.Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm cho ngi dn y sng trong cnh thiu nc hng ngy l do: Nn ph rng lm nng ry, ph rng u ngun, t rng lm cho lng nc chy mt ngy cng t i, khng nhng th m lng nc chy mt ngy cng b nhin nhiu.Hin nay trong tnh trng thiu nc ca bn a ra nhng phng php s dng ngun nc bn vng v hp l cho bn l rt cn thit.PHN II:MC TIU, PHM VI, I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU.

2. 1. Mc tiu nghin cu.2.1.1. Mc tiu chung.

Tm ra phng php s dng ngun nc bn vng c hiu qu cho bn Th t, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, tnh in Bin.

2.1.2. Mc tiu c th.

nh gi thc trng cng tc qun l v s dng ngun nc ti x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, tnh in Bin.

2.2. i tng, phm vi nghin cu.2.2.1. i tng nghin cu.

i tng nghin cu ca chuyn l cc vn lin quan n cng tc qun l v s dng ngun nc.2.2.2. Phm vi nghin cu.Chuyn nghin cu ti bn Th T, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, tnh in Bin.2.3. Ni dung nghin cu.

2.3.1. iu tra tnh hnh s dng v cng tc qun l ngun nc.- nh gi tnh hnh s dng ngun nc ca a phng.

+ nh gi nhu cu s dng ngun nc ca ngi dn.

- nh gi cng tc qun l ngun nc ti a phng.

- Nhng thun li v kh khn trong cng tc qun l ngun nc.

- Cc ngun gy nhin chnh v nhng nguyn nhn dn n ngun nc ngy cng cn kit.

2.3.2. a ra nhng gii php v hng i c th cho a phng.2.4. Phng php nghin cu.

Chuyn s dng kt hp mt s phng php sau:- Phng php phng vn cc h gia nh trong bn: Bn c 56 h tin hnh phng vn 30 h, ni dung hi xoay quanh vn s dng nc ca ngi dn v bo v ngun nc.- Phng php quan st, iu tra.Quan st mt s biu hin bn ngoi v kinh t ( vt cht) ca cc h gia nh c phng vn. C th: quan st v tr nh , ngun nc h ang s dng, b nc, v tr lp t ng nc sch( nu c), quan st tng quan v c bn.

- Phng php phn tch ti liu.

+ S dng ti liu ca a bn nghin cu nh: bo co co tnh hnh Kinh t x hi ca UBND x nm 2014.

+ Lut Ti nguyn Nc ( sa i v b sung- 2008)

+ S dng cc ti liu c lin quan n ti nghin cu nh sch, bo, tp ch, mng Internet,.PHN III:

C IM KHU VC NGHIN CU.3.1. iu kin t nhin.

Bn Th T x Ta Ma l bn vng cao nm pha ng Bc ca huyn Tun Gio vi tng din tch t nhin 3112ha chim 29,1%% tng din tch t nhin ca x. C 56 h vi 349 khu l ngi dn tc Hmng.3.1.1. V tr a l:

+ Pha Ty Bc gip x Rng ng huyn tun Gio.

+ Pha Ty Nam gip x Qui Na huyn Tun Gio

+ Pha Nam gip x Ta Tnh huyn Tun Gio

+ Pha ng gip trung tm x Ta Ma

+ Pha Ty gip x P Nhung huyn Tun Gio

Bn c a hnh bao bc bi nhiu dy ni xen ln vi thung lng v khe sui. a hnh chia ct phc tp l a hnh cater nn thm nc nhanh trn b mt dn n kh hn, vi nhiu nh ni cao c dc trung bnh 200 n 250 hng dc ca a hnhTy Nam ng Bc.3.1.2. c im kh hu,thy vn3.1.2.1. Kh hu:

Bn c kh hu nhit i ni cao, c chia thnh hai ma r rt l ma kh v ma ma. y l vng t chu nh hng ca gi ma ng Bc nhng chu nh hng mnh ca gi Lo vo thng 3 v thng 4 hng nm c c dim l kh v nng. Tc gi trung bnh l 0.8 m/s. Lng ma trung bnh nm thp, chia lm hai ma r rt.

Bn chu nh hng ca tiu vng kh hu trn cao nguyn Sn La v thng ngun Sng M, nhit trung bnh l 210C nhit trung bnh ti cao c nm l 27,60C; nhit ti thp trung bnh c nm 17,20C; nhit ti thp tuyt i (thng 10) l 1,30C; lng ma trung bnh c nm trn 1.631 mm, tp trung vo cc thng 6, 7, 8; m trung bnh c nm 84%; s gi nng trung bnh c nm dao ng t 1.789 n 1.869 gi, c bin nhit chnh lch gia ngy v m kh ln.

Bn t b nh hng ca gi bo, nhng li b nh hng ca gi Ty Nam kh nng thng xut hin ging, ma vo ma h v sng mui vo ma ng. y l nhng hin tng thi tit bt li cho i sng v sn xut, nht l sn xut nng nghip nn cn c bin php phng trnh gim thiu thit hi.

3.1.2.2.Thy vn

Bn Th T l vng cao nn h thng thy vn ch yu l cc khe sui nh cung cp nc cho sinh hot v sn xut nng nghip. Do a hnh ni cao nh hng ca casTer nn vic phn b lng nc khng ng u v cn nc vo ma kh.

3.1.3. Cc ngun ti nguyn khc.3.1.3.1. Ti nguyn t

Theo ti liu nh gi ti nguyn t bn c 5 nhm t chnh l: Nhm t ph sa, nhm t en, nhm t Feralit mn vng trn ni, nhm t thung lng do sn phm dc t.

3.1.3.2 Ti nguyn nc

- Ngun nc Mt: Ngun nc mt ch yu ca bn l h thng ao h v khe sui nh, do c im a hnh cater, cc khe sui thng cn vo ma kh nn nc cung cp cho sinh hot v sn xut gp nhiu kh khn.

- Ngun nc ngm: Nc ngm cha trong cc khe nt ca c hnh thnh do b phong ha mnh v nc ma ngm qua t tr vo k nt trn b mt, nhiu ngun nc ngm xut l ra ngoi thnh dng chy, lu lng dao ng theo ma ( t 1 2 l/s n 15 l/s.

Ngun nc ngm caster: c tng tr trong cc hng ng caster hnh thnh t ni vi,phn b su, t vn ng, cc mch sut l t ngun caster thng c lu lng nh, ng thi khng n nh.

Trong vng c cc ngi sui, m nc cung cp cho sn xut sinh hot. Nc caster l loi nc cng, khi s dng trong sinh hot cn c kh vi, cc bin php s l m bo an ton cho sc khe.

3.1.3.3. H thng thy li v nc sinh hot.

Cc cng trnh cung cp nc hp v sinh cho sinh hot bng ngun vn 135 xy ti bn: Gm 4 b nc, nhng hin nay cc b nc xung cp.

Do a hnh dng caster, c dc ln kh nng gi nc trn b mt km do vy, ngun nc cung cp cho sinh hot gp nhiu kh khn, cn vo ma kh.3.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca khu vc nghin cu.3.2.1.Thun li.

- Ngi dn mua ng v t dn nc v, bng hnh thc t cung t cp nn khng phi mt tin.- Tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi n nh. Nhn dn trong bn ng tnh ng h, tin tng vo ch trng, ng li chnh sch ca ng v nh nc.3.2.2. Kh khn.- a hnh phc tp, chia ct, cc con sui phn b ri rc, lu lng dng chy nho, thiu nc sinh hot vo ma kh.

- Ngi dn sng ch yu da vo canh tc nng ry nn cuc sng cn gp nhiu kh khn.

- Thiu nc cho sn xut nng nghip, khng c iu kin xy dng thy li do iu kin a hnh casTer.- C s vt cht h tng cn thiu,canh mng, p cha nc cha p ng pht trin kinh t - x hi trong thi k i mi.3.3. Mt s khi nim.

3.3.1. Khi nim mi trn, nhin mi trng.Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v cc yu t vt cht nhn to quan h mt thit vi nhau, bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng ti i sng, sn xut, s tn ti v pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin.( Theo iu 1, Lut Bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam). Mi trng sng ca con ngi theo chc nng c chia thnh cc loi:Theo Lut Bo v mi trng Vit Nam: nhim mi trng l s lm thay i tnh cht ca mi trng, vi phm tiu chun mi trng. nhim mi trng c hiu l vic chuyn cc cht thi hoc nng lng vo mi trng n mc c kh nng gy hi n sc khe con ngi, n s pht trin sinh vt hoc lm suy gim cht lng mi trng. Cc tc nhn nhim bao gm cc cht thi dng kh (kh thi), lng( nc thi), rn( cht thi rn) cha ha cht hoc tc nhn vt l, sinh hc v cc dng nng lng nh nhit , bc x.Tuy nhin, mi trng ch c xem l b nhim nu trong hm lng, nng hoc cng cc tc nhn trn t mc c kh nng tc ng xu n con ngi, sinh vt v vt liu.3.3.2. Vai tr ca nc, mt s khi nim.-Nc l yu t ch yu ca h sinh thi, l nhu cu ca mi s sng trn tri t v cn thit cho cc hot ng kinh t x hi ca loi ngi. Cng vi cc dng ti nguyn thin nhin khc ti nguyn nc l mt trong bn ngun lc c bn pht trin kinh t-x hi, l i tng lao ng v l yu t cu thnh ca lc lng sn xut.

- Nc l ti nguyn ti to c, sau mt thi gian nht nh c dng li. Nc l thnh phn cu to nn sinh quyn. Trong c th sng chim t l ln - 70% khi lng c th trng thnh. Nu mt 6% - 8% nc trong c th con ngi s mt mi, nu mt 12% lng nc trong c th con ngi s cht. Nc tc ng n thch quyn, kh quyn dn ti s bin i ca kh hu, thi tit.

- Ti nguyn nc bao gm nc trong kh quyn nc mt, nc di mt t, nc bin v i dng. Ngun nc hu ht l ti nguyn ti to, nm trong chu trnh tun hon ca nc di cc dng : My, ma, trong cc vt th cha nc, sng sui, m, nc di t c p v khng c p, tng nng hay tng su ca t v nc vng bin v i dng trn th gii.

- Mc d lng nc trn tri t l khng l, song lng nc ngt cho php con ngi s dng ch chim mt phn rt nh ( di 1/100.000 ). Hn na s phn b ca cc ngun nc ngt li khng u theo khng gian v thi gian m khin cho nc tr thnh mt dng ti nguyn c bit cn phi bo v v s dng hp l.

- Nc t nhin gm c nc ma v nc mt:

+ Nc mt thng xuyn c b xung t ngun nc ma, nc mt do c mt thong tip xc nn tip nhn xy t khng kh vo khuych tn din ra d dng. Ngoi ra, nc mt cn tip nhn cc cht nhim khng kh do ma mang theo. Nhn chung, cht lng nc mt ph thuc nhiu vo yu t nh: Cu trc a cht, a hnh, cc hot ng ca con ngi, thm thc vt, xi mn tri tv hin tng nhim khng kh.

- Nc ngm: Tn ti trong cc khong trng di t, trong cc khe nt, thm trong t , c th tp trung thnh tng bn, tng b, thnh dng chy trong lng t. Trong nc ny c cha cc hp cht ho tan t lp t m n chy qua, mt phn nc do ma thm trc tip xung sau nhng trn ma. Nh qu trnh nc ngm c ci thin ng k, cc ht l lng c loi do tc dng lc ca cc lp t. Mt khc, n cn ph thuc vo ni n chy qua. Chnh v vy nc ngm kh da dng: Nc chy qua vng c cc khong cht gi l nc khong

- Theo dch t hc nc sch l nc khng mu khng mi khng v v khng c s hin din cc vi sinh vt nhn thy bng mt thng.

- Nc nhim khi tnh cht l hc, ha hc v iu kin vi sinh ca nc b thay i. S thay i ny c tc ng xu n s tn ti v pht trin ca con ngi v sinh vt.Hnh 4.1. Chu trnh tun hon ca nc

PHN IV:KT QU THO LUN.4.1. iu tra iu kin c bn ca i tng cn nghin cu.

4.1.1. nh gi v hin trng s dng ngun nc trong bn.

- a hnh dc nhiu ni , s lng sng sui t lu lng dng chy nh nn ch yu ngi dn s dng nc vo sinh hot l ch yu, nn nng nghip la nc khng pht trin c.- Ngi dn y ch s dng nc vo hai mc ch l: Th nht l sinh hot, th hai l lm rung.

- Trong bn c 4 con sui, 1 con sui chy qua ngay trung tm bn nhng lu lng dng chy nh, thng cn vo ma kh khng p ng c nhu cu ca ngi dn, 2 con sui, sui Ha e Sua, sui e to Po, cch bn hn 1 km, tuy khng cn vo ma kh nhng lu lng dng chy nh, hai con sui nm v tr cao hn so vi bn nn ngi dn thng dn nc t hai con sui ny v s dng vo sinh hot, cn sui Ha De, nm thp hn so vi bn thng cn vo ma kh nn ngi dn s dng con sui ny lm mt s tha rung nh vo ma ma.

- S lng ng dn nc t hai con sui: Sui Ha e Sua (3 ng), sui e to Po (4 ng) dn nc, ch yu l dn v ph v nhu cu sinh hot, nhng vo ma kh lu lng dng chy nh nn lng nc chy trong mt s ng rt nh.- Ngun nc trong bn cng ngy cng b nhin, do rc thi sinh hot hng ngy ca ngi dn, v thuc bo v thc vt nh: thuc tr c.- thc tham gia bo v mi trng v bo v ngun nc cn cha cao.

- Chm th gia sc ba bi gy nhin ngun nc.

Hnh 4.2. S th hin s lng sng sui trong bn.

4.1.1.1. S dng nc trong nng nghip.- Do a hnh dc nhiu kh m rng din tch rung bc thang cng vi li lu lng dng chy nh nn din tch rung bc thang trong bn rt t ch c mt s h gia nh c t gn sng sui t bng phng mi c t mnh rung, Sau y l s h gia nh c rung trong bn.Biu 4.1: S h gia nh c din tch rung trong bn.

STTTn h gia inhDin tch (ha)T l (%)

1Vng Ch L0.529.94

2Vng Ch D0.423.95

3Vng Nha Sa0.317.96

4Ging A Thu0.15.99

4Sng Trng X0.15.99

5Ging Nha Ch0.095.39

6Sng Vn chu0.063.59

7Ging Si D0.074.19

8Ging Vn L0.052.99

Tng1.67100.00

(Ngun: iu tra trc tip t cc h dn)

- Qua biu trn ta thy din tch rung rt t (1.67 ha), iu chng t rng lng nc c s dng vo trong nn nng nghip cng khng nhiu, mc d lu lng dng chy ca cc con sui vo ma ma cng kh to nhng ngi dn vn cha tht s bit tn dng ht vo nn sn xut la nc. Do vy cn m rng din tch rung bc thang tn dng lng nc vo ma ma, tit kin nc vo ma kh.4.1.1.2. S dng nc trong nui trng thy sn.Lng nc c s dng vo nui trng thy sn cng khng nhiu bi v lng ao trong bn rt t v din tch rt nh, ch yu l nui phc v gia nh, nc cng khng m bo lin tc cho ao khi ma kh n. Ch c mt s h gia nh c t gn u ngun hoc c iu kin mua ng dn nc th mi c ao nhng rt nh, ngoi ra cn c mt s h tn dng nc ma lm ao c nhng ch nui c vo thi gian ma ma, khng m bo tnh lin tc.Biu 4.2: S h gia nh c ao trong bnSTTTn h gia inhS lng aoDin tch (ha)T l (%)

1Ging Vn L20.02518.80

2Sng Vn chu10.0215.04

3Ging Si D10.017.52

4Sng Trng X10.0215.04

5Vng N Sa10.0215.04

6Sng Nha Sa10.017.52

7Ging Thnh Chua10.01813.53

8Vng Ch L10.017.52

Tng90.13100.00

Qua biu trn cho ta thy s lng ao trong bn ch c 9 ao, din tch l 0.13 ha. S ao trong bn ch yu nm con sui Ha e Sua, cn mt s ao trong bn th dn nc th dn nc t hai con sui, e to Po, Ha e Sua v, Lng nc c s dng vo nui ao c trong bn l cng t, nguyn nhn l do bn Th T l bn Vng Cao ch yu nui c ph v cho gia nh vi lu lng dng chy ca cc con sui l rt nh khng nc cho s lng ao c nhiu. m bo nc cho nui trng thy sn th khi o ao phi o su tn dng nc ma khi ma ma n m bo d tr nc cho ma kh.4.1.1.3. S dng nc cho sinh hot hng ngy.

Ngi dn trong bn 100% s h gia nh s dng nc cha qua s l m s dng trc tip t cc ng dn nc v hoc t cc m nc, nc caster c cha nhiu si khng m bo an ton cho sc khe, ngi dn trong bn s dng ba loi nc chnh l nc ma v nc sng sui, nc m, nu nng ch yu l s dng nc sui, git r kt hp s dng c nc ma v nc sui, Cc chng trnh cung cp bc sch bng ngun vn 135 ca nh nc u t vo bn gm 4 b nc nhng hin nay xung cp ht ng ng dn nc cng hng, s lng b ca cc h trong bn gm c 6 b nhng ch yu l b nh, ngi dn lun sng trong hon cnh thiu nc vo ma kh, Bn c a hnh dc nhiu khe ni nhiu mch nc ngm nhng ch xut hin vo ma ma khng m bo tnh lin tc ca dng chy. nh gi v mc s dng cc loi nc: Nc ma, nc ao h, sng sui, nc m, trong bn.

- S dng cng c PRA phng vn 30 h dn trong bn vi mc s dng loi nc nao nhiu nht l than im 10, thp nht l 0 im.

Biu 4.3. Biu tng hp phng vn 30 h dn v mc s dng cc loi nc.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)T l (%)Xp hng

Nc m24037.31

Nc ma21833.92

Nc ao h, sng sui18628.93

Tng im644100

Qua biu trn ya thy ngi dn trong bn s dng loi nc m l nhiu nht 240 (im), chim t l 37.3%, xp hng th nht, xp th hai l nc ma 218 (im), chim 33.9%, th 3 l nc ao h, sng sui 186 (im), chim 28.0 %. Loi nc ao h, sng sui l loi nc khng m bo an ton v nc sch nhng ngi dn cng phi s dng, khi ma kh n lng nc m cn dn v nc ma kh ht.4.1.1.4. S dng nc cho chm nui.Chm nui ch mang tnh t cung t cp nn lng nc s dng cho chm nui cng khng nhiu.4.1.2. nh gi v cng tc qun l ngun nc ca ngi dn trong bn.- Ngi dn tch cc tham gia bo v rng u ngun, cm cht ph rng u ngun.- Nhng bn cnh vn cn c nhiu ngi gy nhin ngun nc, nh vc cc rc kh phn hy v ra bnh phun c thuc c hi ln ngun nc.- thc tham gia bo v rng u ngun bo v mi trng ca mt s ngi cn thp.- Tnh trng nhin ngun nc ngy cng tng, do cha c mt bin php qun l hiu qu.

- Vn cn mt s h gia nh sng trn vng u ngun, lm nhin bn ngun nc m tt c mi ngi s dng.

- Hin tng lm nng ry trn vng u ngun vn cn nhiu.

- Trong bn cha xy dng cc hng c v cng tc qun l ngun nc v bo v mi trng.- Vc xc cht ng vt gn ngun nc, gy nhin nc.

- Cng vi s gia tng dn s ngy cng gy p lc nng n n mi trng. Trn thc t vic khai thc nc phc v cho sinh hot ca ngi dn ang rt trn lan, khng c mt bin php s dng nc hiu qu. Ngoi ra, cc sng, ngi, ao, h u c nguy c nhim t rc thi, nc thi, thuc bo v thc vt v s rt nguy him cho ngun nc. Nhn thc ca ngi dn v vn mi trng cha cao, ng ch l s bt cp trong hoy ng qun l, bo v mi trng, nhn thc ca nhiu cp chnh quyn, c quan qun l, t chc v c nhn c trch nhim v nhim v bo v mi trng nc cn cha su sc v y , cha thy r c v nhim mi trng nc l loi nhim nguy him trc tip, hng ngy v kh khc phc i vi i sng con ngi cng nh s pht trin bn vng ca t nc.- Ngi dn trong bn cha nhn thc c s cn thit phi bo v ngun nc bo v mi trng, h cha c ci nhn rng v xa hn, v vy h ch tnh nhu cu hin ti ca h v lm nhng g mnh mun.- H vn cha bit c l mt khi ngun nc b nhin s gy ra nhng tc hi nghin trng, hu qu ca vic thiu nc trong tng lai.- cha xy dng v ph bin cc vn bn lut, ngh nh v s dng v bo v ti nguyn nc.- Cc khu rng u ngun cha c bo v nghin ngt.

- Hin tng phun thuc tr c trn vng u ngun l ph bin nht trong bn. Sau y l kt qu tng hp phng vn ca 30 ngi dn trong bn v mc tham gia qun l ngun nc v bo v mi trng.Biu 4.4: Mc quan tm ti ngun nc v bo v mi trng ca ngi dn.Mc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm620.00

Quan tm826.67

Quan tm cht t1033.33

Hon ton khng quan tm620.00

Tng30100

Qua biu trn ta thy s ngi dn quan tm cht t ti mi trng l nhiu nht 10 (ngi), chim 33.33%, quan tm l (8 ngi), chim 26.67 %, rt quan tm v hon ton khng quan tm l nh nhau. iu ny cho thy ngi dn ni y vn cha tht s s quan tm ti ngun nc v bo v mi trng nhiu, nhng khng ch ring bn Th T m c nc Vit Nam vn nhiu ngi cha c s quan tm ti mi trng, nhng bn cnh cng c nhng ngi rt thc v quan tm ti mi trng.4.1.3. Nhng thun li v kh kh khn trong cng tc qun l ngun nc ti bn.4.1.3.1. Thun li.- Nhu cu bo v mi trng l ca chung tt c mi ngi v ngi dn ni y cng vy. H quan tm rt nhiu ti mi trng v cng quan tm ti sc khe ca bn thn cng nh ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh nn vic tham gia y cc bui tuyn truyn v pht ng thc hin cc hot ng bo v mi trng u c ngi dn tham gia y .- Ngi dn lun lng ngh kim ch o ca cc cp chnh quyn trong bn.

- Cc gia nh lun c thc bo v cc m nc.- Lun sn sn thm gia cc bui tng hp v sinh xung quanh bn.

- on kt gip ln nhau, c thc tit kim nc hn.

4.1.3.2. Kh khn.- Trnh dn ch thp tip thu chm, kh trin khai cc vn v mi trng cho ngi dn trong thi gian ngn.- Mt s ngi dn cn cha c thc cao trong vic bo v mi trng, ngun nc.

- S lng cc con sui phn b ri rc, kh khn trong vic qun l.

- Cc vn bn php lut v lut mi trng, lut ty nguyn ngi dn cn cha bit, nn kh khn trong vic p dng php lut vo qun l. Vn nh gi ti nguyn nc cha tht s st sao.

- S tham gia vo k hoch qun l ca ngi dn cn cha cao.

- Khung th ch, php ch, t chc v ti nguyn nc cn thp.4.1.4. Nhng nguyn nhn gy nhin mi trng v cn kit ngun nc ti bn.Nc l ngun ty nguyn thin nhin qu him v quan trng nht ang b cn kit nguy c thiu nc l mt him ha ca ngi dn trong bn, c rt nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra vn trn:- S gia tng dn s nhu cu v t , t canh tc ngy cng rng, chim ln din tch t rng.

- Rc thi gy nhin, kh hu bin i, nhin mi trng t nhiu ngun khc cng gy khan him ngun nc sch. Kh hu nng dn ln lm cho lng dng chy mt ngy cng nh i.

- Hin tng ph rng lm nng ry gy nn t kh cn, ma ma xi mn, ra tri t, mt kh nng gi nc.

- Ph rng u ngun lm mt kh nng gi nc.

- Vc rc thi ba bi lm cho lng nc sch ngy cng gim.- Lm dng thuc tr c qu mc gy nhin ngun nc, nhu cu s dng nc ca ngi dn ngy cng cao.- Hin nay hai con sui, Sui ha e Sua, sui e to Po ang b cn dn lu lng dng chy mt ngy cng nh i, nguyn nhn l do.+ Trn u ngun cc khu rng b cht ph ht lm nng ry.

+ S lng ng dn nc ngy cng nhiu khng thng nht ch dn mt ng v cho c bn, s r r nc qua cc ng dn nc.

- Con sui chy qua trung tm bn th ngy cng b nhin, do ngi dn sng hai bn vc rc thi sinh hot, nc thi trong chm nui, phn gia suc gia cm, u vo con sui ny ht.

- thc cua ngi dn trong bn v bo v u ngun ca cc con sui cha cao.- Hin tng t rng vn cn sy ra trong bn y cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy cn kit ngun nc.- Chm th gia sc ba bi gy nhin ngun nc sch.

4.1.5. Nhng gii php, trch nhin bo v qun l ngun nc ti bn.4.1.5.1.Gii php.

T hin trng v cng tc qun l v s dng nc nh trn c nhng gii php sau.- X hi ha cng tc qun l ti nguyn nc theo phng chm: cc cp chnh quyn v nhn dn cng lm,ch trng pht huy ni lc v sc mnh ca ton bn, khuyn khch cc h dn trong bn xy dng cc b cha nc.

- Tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn gio dc cho tt c cc tng lp ngi dn trn phng din h nhn thc c vic xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc ti nguyn nc phc v cho cc mc ch pht trin i i vi vi vic qun l, ng thi phi khng nh r: vic qun l ti nguyn nc l trch nhim, ngha v, quyn li ca mi ngi dn trong bn.

- Trong bn c qu nhiu ng dn nc ca cc h gia nh, Cn phi gp li cc ng dn nc ny thnh mt ng dn v cho c bn dng m bo h no cng nc sinh hot vo ma kh.

- Xu dng cc b d tr nc vo ma kh.- Tng thm s lng ao c tn nc ma d tr nc vo ma kh cho tru, b.

- Quy hoch vng rc thi sinh hot hng ngy chnh gy nhin ngun nc.

- Bo v nghin ngt vng rng u ngun, nhng ni vng u ngun rng b cht ph trng thm mi m bo lu lng dng chy trong tng lai.

- Cm s dng cc loi thuc c hi vng u ngun.

- Khuyn khch mi h gia nh mua my lc nc m bo cho sc khoe ca ngi dn.- Cm ngi dn chm th gia sc ba bi, chnh gy nhin mi trng gy nhin ngun nc.

4.1.5.2. Trch nhin ca chnh quyn a phng.

- Xy dng v ph bin cc vn bn lut, ngh nh v s dng v bo v ti nguyn nc.

- iu tra, kho st nh gi ngun ti nguyn v lp k hoch, phn vng khai thc hp l, nh gi nhng tc ng gy nh hng n ti nguyn nc.

- Tuyn truyn, vn ng, t chc nhiu cuc thi v thc s dng tit kim v bo v ti nguyn nc cho ngi dn.

- Tuyn truyn v hu qu v tc hi ca nhin nc gy ra, ngi dn t thc hn trong vic bo v mi trng.

4.1.5.3. Trch nhim ca ngi dn trong bn.Nu cao thc s dng tit kim hp l ti nguyn nc, ngi dn phi nhn thc s nghip bo v ti nguyn nc khng ch cho th h hin ti m cn v th h tng lai. Do , phi tm hiu v nm vng cc quy nh php lut v bo v ti nguyn nc thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng nh: bo, i, tivi, internetv tch cc pht huy ngy thc s dng tit kim hp l ti nguyn nc. Nu cao tinh thn t gic, nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh php lut ca nh nc v bo v ti nguyn v mi trng. Pht hin v t gic cc hnh vi vi phm php lut ca cc c quan nh nc trong s dng v bo v ti nguyn v mi trng.

PHN V:KT LUN, TN TI, KHUYN NGH.

5.1. Kt lun.- Bo v mi trng v bo v ngun nc hin nay ang l vn rt quan trng ng c quan tm v ch ti. Trc tnh trng nhim mi trng nh hin nay nu khng c cc bin php bo v mi trng v gim thiu mi trng chng ta s phi ng trc rt nhiu vn v pht trin kinh t v sc khe con ngi.- Trong chuyn nh gi c hin trng s dng nc ti bn:

+ S dng nc cho nng nghip: Chuyn tm hiu c lng nc s dng cho nng nghip khng nhiu xc nh c din tch rung bc thang l 1.67 ha.

+ S dng nc cho nui trng thy sn: Thng k c s lng ao trong bn l 9 ao, nhng ch yu l ao nh ph v cho nhu cu gia nh l chnh.

+ S dng nc cho sinh hot: Xc nh c loi nc m ngi dn s dng nhiu nht l nc m.- nh gi c cng tc qun l mi trng v qun l ngun nc trong bn.- a ra c nhng gii php v hng i c th cho bn.5.2. Tn ti.- Thi gian thc hin chuyn ngn cha c iu kin i tm hiu su.- Do kinh nghim cn hn ch, nn vic iu tra v nghin cu cha chi tit v y .- Phn tch nh gi ch da trn c s quan st, phng vn h gia nh, k tha ti liu nn phn tch nh gi ch mang tnh tng qut.- Trnh dn ch thp kh khn trong vic iu tra.5.3. Khuyn ngh.

Cn quan tm n vic pht huy v pht trin cc cc hot ng truyn thng v mi trng nng cao nhn thc ca ngi dn v v nhim mi trng trong bn c bit l mi trng nc.Ngi dn cn nhn thc r hn vai tr ca mi trng ,ngun gc tc hi ca vic nhim mi trng ,xc nh r hng i khc x l v tin hnh cc gii php vn chuyn v x l .V cn c h tr cng ngh x l rc bng cc phng tin k thut hin i .Vic thu hi rc khng ch l nhim v ca nhng ngi thu dn m cn l trch nhim v cn s ng lng ,chung sc ca c cng ng trong bn. c ngun nc s dng bn vng, cn c nhng hot ng tch cc nhm bo v ngun ti nguyn nc tt hn.

Mt s hot ng nhm bo v ti nguyn nc:1. Thng no vt sng rch khi thng dng chy. Khng ln chim lng sng sui, knh rch xy nh, chn nui thy hi sn. Vic nui thy sn trn cc dng nc mt phi theo quy hoch.

2. Trong sn xut nng nghip phi c ch ti nc, bn phn ph hp. Ti cy khi tri mt, gc gi m cho cy. Trnh s dng thuc tr su d tha, khng r ngun gc. Nn p dng cc phng php sinh hc tiu dit su b cn trng.

3. Trong chn nui gia sc, gia cm nn nui trong chung tri c h thng x l cht thi. Khng chn th rong d dn n nhim ngun nc v mi trng.4. S dng nc mt (nc sng, sui, h ), nc t cc cng trnh cp nc cng cng hn ch khai thc nc di t v trnh gy nhim, cn kit ngun nc. Nu c cng trnh khai thc nc di t th phi khai thc ng k thut v s dng hp l, tit kim.

Chnh quyn a phng cng vi ton dn trong bn cng nu cao tinh thn trch nhim trong vic bo v mi trng v c bit l bo v ngun nc v n c nh hng rt ln ti i sng ca ngi dn.

Chnh quyn a phng duy tr lin tc v pht trin cc hot ng tuyn truyn bo v mi trng qua tt c cc loi truyn thng ,phng tin c th ngi dn tip thu nhng kin thc v mi trng v c thc hn v mi trng. H tr cc phng tin truyn thng v k thut. Hng dn cho ngi dn vic thu gom, phn loi v x l rc thi sinh hot ca gia nh .

Thng xuyn t chc cc phong tro v mi trng.Cc chng trnh thi v lut mi trng .Cn c quy nh x pht nghim khc i vi nhng hnh vi vi phm .

ng v nh nc cn quan tm hn na ti mi trng ca a phng.Cung cp cho a phng phng tin k thut x l rc thi.

Cn xy dng v u t pht trin nh my nc sch c th phc v nc sch cho nhn dn.

TI LIU THAM KHO1. Bo co hin trng mi trng quc gia 2005 (16/12/2005, H Ni)2. Bo co tng kt tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi x Ta Ma nm 2014.3.Bi Th Thanh A (2011) ,Nhn thc v nhu cu bo v ngun nc ca ngi dn nng thn hin nay. Chuyn tt nghip trng i hc Cng on.

4.Gio trnh Qun l ngun nc Trng i hc Nng Nghip H Ni. NXB Nng Nghip nm 2005.

5. Lut Ti nguyn Nc ( sa i v b sung- 2008)

6. Cc trang wed:

- http://doc.edu.vn/tai-lieu/chuyen-de-quan-ly-nguon-nuoc-mat-9457/

- http://tailieu.vn/doc/quan-ly-nguon-nuoc-1343422.htmlPH BIU

* Biu phng vn v mc s dng cc loi nc trong bn

Biu phng vn h gia nh.

Ngi c phng vn: Ging A Lau

a ch: Bn Th T, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, in Bin

Ngi phng vn:Ging Vn L

Ngy phng vn: 04/04/2015

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui4

Tng im21

2. Ging Si D.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui5

Tng im21

3. Vng Ch L.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m6

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng dim21

4. Vng Ch D.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m6

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui9

Tng im22

5. Vng Dng Nnh.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui4

Tng im20

6. Sng Vn Chu.Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui2

Tng im18

7. Sng Ch Di.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m10

Nc ma6

Nc ao h, sng sui0

Tng im16

8. Ging Gn Sng.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng im22

9. Vng Thi Cu.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

10. Vng N Sa.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m6

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng im21

11. Sng Trng X.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

12. Vng N PoCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui3

Tng im19

13. Sng Nha SaCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m10

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui4

Tng im21

14. Ging Dng Ca

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui6

Tng im22

15. Sng A Po

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m6

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui6

Tng im20

16. Sng A Ch

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui6

Tng im21

17. Sng A TngCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

18. Ging A ChuaCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui5

Tng im20

19. Sng Nha Ch

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m10

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui4

Tng im22

20. Vng A D

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma9

Nc ao h, sng sui6

Tng im24

21. Vng A Tr

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng im22

22. Vng A DuaCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui9

Tng im23

23. Vng A SCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m9

Nc ma5

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im21

24. Vng Dng Ca

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m10

Nc ma6

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

25. Vng Chng Lu

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

26. Ging Thnh Chua

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma6

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im20

27. Vng Dng TaCh tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma5

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng im21

28. Ging A Thu

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma7

Nc ao h, sng sui9

Tng im24

29. Ging A Chu

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m8

Nc ma8

Nc ao h, sng sui7

Tng im23

30. Ging A Dnh

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)

Nc m7

Nc ma9

Nc ao h, sng sui8

Tng im24

* Biu phng vn ca ngi dn v mc quan tm ti mi trng, qun l ngun nc trong bn.Biu phng vn h gia nh.

Ngi c phng vn: Ging A Lau

a ch: Bn Th T, x Ta Ma, huyn Tun Gio, in Bin

Ngi phng vn:Ging Vn L

Ngy phng vn: 05/04/2015

Mc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t

Hon ton khng quan tm

2. Ging Si D.Mc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


3. Vng Ch LMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


4. Vng Ch D


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


5. Vng Dng Nnh


Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


6. Sng Vn Chu


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


7. Sng Ch DiMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


8. Ging Gn Sng


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


9. Vng Thi Cu


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


10. Vng N SaMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


11. Sng Trng X


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


12. Vng N Po


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t

Hon ton khng quan tmx

13. Sng Nha SaMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


14. Ging Dng CaMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


15. Sng A Po


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


16. Sng A ChMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


17. Sng A Tng


Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


18. Ging A Chua


Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


19. Ging Nha Ch


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


20. Vng A D


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


21. Vng A Tr


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


22. Vng A Dua


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


23. Vng A S


Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


24. Vng Dng CaMc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


25. Vng chng Lu


Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


26. Ging Thnh Chua


Rt quan tm

Quan tmx

Quan tm cht t


27. Vng Dng Ta


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht tx


28. Ging A Thu


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


29. Ging A Chu


Rt quan tmx

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


30. Ging A Dnh


Rt quan tm

Quan tm

Quan tm cht t


Biu 4.1: S h gia nh c din tch rung trong bn.

STTTn h gia inhDin tch (ha)T l (%)

1Vng Ch L0.529.94

2Vng Ch D0.423.95

3Vng Nha Sa0.317.96

4Ging A Thu0.15.99

4Sng Trng X0.15.99

5Ging Nha Ch0.095.39

Biu 4.2: S h gia nh c ao trong bnSTTTn h gia inhS lng aoDin tch (ha)T l (%)

1Ging Vn L20.02518.80

2Sng Vn chu10.0215.04

3Ging Si D10.017.52

4Sng Trng X10.0215.04

5Vng N Sa10.0215.04

6Sng Nha Sa10.017.52

7Ging Thnh Chua10.01813.53

8Vng Ch L10.017.52

Tng90.13100.00

Biu 4.3. Biu tng hp phng vn 30 h dn v mc s dng cc loi nc.

Ch tiuMc s dng (im)T l (%)Xp hng

Nc m24037.31

Nc ma21833.92

Nc ao h, sng sui18628.93

Tng im644100

Biu 4.4: Mc quan tm ti ngun nc v bo v mi trng ca ngi dn.Mc quan tmTn sut (ngi)T l (%)

Rt quan tm620.00

Quan tm826.67

Quan tm cht t1033.33

Hon ton khng quan tm620.00

Tng30100

Chuyen de Quan Li Nguon Nuoc

Documents

Transcript of Chuyen de Quan Li Nguon Nuoc