Enlightenment Church1700-1900

Modern Church 1900-2000+

Early Church ~30-500

Emerging Church 500-1000 A.D.

Medieval Church 1000-1500

Renaissance Church 1500-1700

“Enlightenment”?

• Age of Enlightenment 1650s-1780s

• cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized

• reason,

• analysis, and

• individualism

• rather than traditional lines of authority

• promoted by philosophes and local thinkers in urban coffeehouses, salons, and masonic lodges.

• challenged the authority of institutions that were deeply rooted in society, such as the Catholic Church;

• talk of ways to reform society with toleration, science and skepticism.

• Catholic Portuguese and Spanish Empires expand

• Christianization of indigenous peoples

• such as the Aztecs and Incas

• Dutch, England, France, Germany and Russia

colonize Africa, India, China, & other countries

• Largest expansion of Christianity in history

• Becomes a truly global religion.

Sidebar: Ignatius’s Jesuits

• Jesuits under attack in Portugal, Spain, France, and Sicily

• Jesuit support for the indigenous Americans added to growing criticism of the order

• symbolized the strength and independence of the Church.

• Defending the rights of native peoples in South America hindered the efforts of European powers to maintain absolute rule over their domains

• In 1773, European rulers forced Pope to dissolve the order

• 1814 pope restores Jesuits

• violent anti-clericalism

• church property taken by the state

• priests refused an oath of compliance to the National Assembly

• Catholic Church is outlawed

• replaced by a new religion of the worship of "Reason“

• all monasteries were destroyed,

• 30,000 priests were exiled and hundreds more were killed

• (some went to New World… Quebec, then West)

• Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy and took pope, 82, prisoner

• To get popular, Napoleon re-established the Catholic Church, 1801

• After war, Catholicism ‘bounced back’ in Europe

• but anti-clericalism remained

Unity?Or, Meanwhile, back in Rome…Here’s what the Popes did in the 19th century (1800s)

• Papal Infallibility

• Council of Vatican I

• When the pope defines doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church – then his teaching leads to heaven• Weather forecasts not included

• (Orthodox Church is not a fan)

• Immaculate Conception

• Mary was conceived without Original Sin – God had a plan for her

• (Protestants are not fans)

• Rerum Novarum

• Rejects socialism BUT

• Demanded regulation of working conditions, a living wage and the right of workers to form trade unions

• (capitalists and socialists are not fans)

Person: Blessed Cardinal John Henry Newman 1801-1890• Anglican priest who was a leader in the Oxford Movement –

Anglicans moving closer to Catholicism

• Left Anglican Church to become Catholic

• Pope made him a Cardinal

• Wrote in defense of Catholic teaching with a new perspective

• "something true and divinely revealed in every religion”

• "Logic is loose at both ends"

• Founded universities, schools and “Newman Associations”

• (got a nerdy English major married)

• Wrote “Lead Kindly Light”

Event: Revivalism

• Age of Enlightenment: dampened spiritual movements• countered by Methodist revival and Great Awakening in

America

• A new fervor spread within the Anglican Church• combat social ills at home and slavery abroad, and

founded Bible and missionary societies.

• Great Awakening• widespread revivals led

by evangelical Protestant ministers,

• a sharp increase of interest in religion,

• a profound sense of conviction and redemption in those affected

• an increase in evangelical church membership,

• the formation of new religious movements and denominations

Person: St. Bernadette of Lourdes 1844-1879• Peasant daughter of a miller in France• At 14 years old, saw 18 visions of

Mary• Initially mocked and punished,

• eventually believed• Mary asked her to dig for a spring,

• the water caused miraculous healings – lots

• At 22, became a Sister, died at 35• Body remained incorrupt until 1925

(mostly)