Chng VITHC HIN HP NG MUA BN HNG HA

QUC T

GV: Nguyn Th Bch Phng

#Thc hin hp ng xut khu

Lm th tc XK (*)

Th tc thanh ton (giai on u) (*)

Chun b v kim tra hng ha XK (*)

Lm th tc hi quan hng XK (*)

Thu phng tin vn ti (*)

Giao hng cho ngi vn ti (*)

Mua bo him hng ha XK (*)

Lp b chng t thanh ton (*)

Khiu ni (nu c) (*)

Thanh l hp ng

#Lm th tc XK

iu kin c XK hng ha ti VN:

- Xut khu trc tip: DN phi c GCN ng k kinh doanh c quyn thc hin XNK trc tip.

Nu khng c th y thc NK cho n v c nh nc VN cp quyn XNK hng ha.

- Tra danh mc HH XK phi c giy php hay hn ngch ca B Cng Thng hoc B chuyn ngnh ( tham kho trang web: http://www.dncustoms.gov.vn- ngh nh s 12 ca CP ngy 23/1/2006) (*)

#Ngh nh 12/2006/N-CP

iu 3: Quyn kinh doanh XK, NK

iu 4: Th tc XK, NK

iu 17: y thc v nhn y thc XK, NK hng ha.

iu 18: y thc v nhn y thc XK, NK hng ha theo giy php

#Th tc thanh ton (giai on u)

Thanh ton L/C:

- Thc ngi mua m L/C ng hn

- Kim tra L/C

- Tin hnh giao hng khi ng thun ni dung L/C

Thanh ton CAD:

- Thc ngi mua m ti khon tn thc

- Kim tra iu kin thanh ton: chng t cn xut trnh.

- Tin hnh giao hng

Thanh ton TT tr trc:

- Nhc ngi mua chuyn tin

- NH bo C th tin hnh giao hng

#Chun b hng XK

Kim tra cht lng, s lng hng ha.

Kim nghin v kim dch c tin hnh hai cp: c s (KCS) v ca khu XK

Quy trnh gim nh hng (TK gio trnh)

Cng ty gim nh c lp: Vinacontrol, Foodcontrol, cafecontrol, SIC, SGS, ADIL, OMIC

ng gi, bao b, k m hiu

l khu quan trng ca vic chun b hng.

cc loi bao b trong bun bn quc t: hm (case, box), bao (bag), kin (package)

Xp hng vo container (nu c)

(Tham kho ti liu tr.363-373)

#Lm th tc hi quan XK

Khai v np TKHQ

a hng ha n ni quy nh cho vic kim tra HQ XK.

NP THU v thc hin cc ngha v ti chnh khc

( tham kho gio trnh phn Nghip v HQ tr.368-393)

#Thu PTVT

iu kin c s giao hng trong H: CIF, CFR,CPT,CIP,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDP,DAF

Ngi thc hin cn c kinh nghim, nm thng tin v tu, gi cc, hiu bit cc iu khon ca H thu tu y thc cho cng ty vn ti thu tu h (Vietfracht, Viettranschart, Vosa, Gemartrans,

Viconship Saigon)

Mt s phng thc thu tu:

- Thu tu ch (liner) (*)

- Thu tu chuyn (voyage charter) (*)

- Thu tu nh hn (time charter) (*)

Mua bo him cho hng ha theo HD ca cng ty bo him (CIP, DEQ, DDU, DDP,DAF)

#Phng thc thu tu ch (liner)

Ch tu l ngi chuyn ch

MQH gia ch tu v ch hng c iu chnh bng vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading), hai bn tun th theo nhng quy nh mt sau ca B/L.

Ngi thu tu ch thu mt phn con tu ch hng

C IM:

- Khi lng hng khng ln

- Hng ha kh, hng c bao b ng gi,

- Lch trnh tu chy c nh trc

- Tin cc c nh trc

#Phng thc thu tu chuyn (Voyage charter)

Ch tu l ngi chuyn ch

MQH gia ch tu v ch hng c iu chnh bng hp ng thu tu chuyn (Voyage Charter Party- C/P).

Ngi thu tu c th thu mt phn hoc ton b con tu ch hng

C IM:

- Khi lng hng ln: ng cc, khong sn, phn bn

- Gi cc thp

- Nghip v phc tp, i hi ngi i thu tu phi gii v nm thng tin v tu nh n mi gii hng hi thu tu h.

- S dng vn n (B/L) km theo H thu tu chuyn

#Phng thc thu tu nh hn (time charter)

Ch tu khng l ngi chuyn ch. Ngi thu tu c quyn khai thc con tu.

MQH gia ngi khai thc tu v ch hng c iu chnh bng B/L.

#Giao hng cho ngi vn ti

Sau khi hon tt th tc XK hng ti ca khu xut.

Giao hng cho ngi vn ti ng bin:

- Lp giy kim nhn hng vi tu (Tally report): c lp ti cu tu, ghi nhn s lng hng mi ln cu ln tu v tng s hng c giao.

l c s tu cp bin lai thuyn ph (Mastes Receipt) v k B/L

l c s ch hng thanh ton chi ph vi cng.

l c s cho khiu ni v sau nu tn tht hng xy ra.

- Mang Mastes Receipt n hng tu i ly B/L on board. (consignee trn B/L (*) v trn L/C phi khp nhau)

#Giao hng cho ngi vn ti (tt)

*Thu tu chuyn:

- Vic a hng xung tu v sp xp hng hm hng do ch hng v nhn vin cng thc hin, ngi vn ti khng c trch nhim

- Cung cp vt liu chn lt hng trong tu: do ch hng (ngi thu tu) v ngi vn ti tha thun trong hp ng thu tu ai s chu trch nhim.

- Thuyn trng c quyn t chi hng bc ln tu nu hng khng c bao gi khng m bo cc tiu chun ng gi cn thit

- Ch hng s k vo bng thng bo tu sn sng xp hng (NOR) do Thuyn trng gi n trc khi xp hng ln tu.

#Giao hng cho ngi vn ti (tt)

Giao hng cho ngi vn ti ng khng (air):

- t ch trc cho vic chuyn hng bng ng air

- Nh XK (ngi giao nhn) a hng tp kt ra sn bay. B phn iu hnh sn bay s cn hng, dn nhn, kim tra hng ha

- Ngi gi hng lp th ch dn (Letter of introduction), ng thi cp cc chng to cn thit nh: C/O, INV, P/L khai bo HQ v lp AWB.

- Hng hng khng lp Master AWB (MAWB) khi nhn c chng t cn hng.

- Hng hng khng tip tc hon chnh House AWB (HAWB) da vo lng hng thc t v th ch dn

- Thng bo n ngi nhn hng (i l vn chuyn) v vic giao hng.

#Giao hng cho ngi vn ti (tt)

Gi hng bng container : hai phng thc

- Gi hng FCL- full container load

- Gi hng LCL- less than a container load

(Tham kho gio trnh tr 292-293 )

#Mua bo him hng ha

Giao hng vi iu kin CIF, CIP

Mua bo him theo ng iu kin trong hp ng hoc trong L/C quy nh (nu thanh ton bng L/C)

Nu H khng quy nh c th th ngi XK ch mua bo him theo iu kin ti thiu FPA hoc ICC(C).

Lp giy yu cu bo him gi n cng ty bo him (*)

Chng t bo him l mt vn bn hon chnh khng c sa i, b sung sau, ng thi ni dung phi hon ton ph hp vi L/C (nu thanh ton L/C).

#Ni dung giy yu cu bo him

c lp da trn hp ng v L/C (nu c) gm nhng ni dung sau:

- Tn ngi c bo him

- Tn hng ha c bo him

- Bao b, cch ng gi, k m hiu ca hng ha c bo him

- Trng lng/ s lng HH cn bo him

- Tn tu/ PTVC

- Cch xp hng c bo him xung tu

- Ni i, chuyn ti (nu c), ni n

- Ngy PTVC ri bn

- Gi tr hng c bo him v s tin BH

- iu kin BH v ni thanh ton bi thng

#Lp B chng t thanh ton

Cc loi chng t v s bn mi loi

B chng t thanh ton gm:

- Phng tin thanh ton (thng l hi phiu)

- Chng t hng ha (*)

- Chng t vn ti (*)

- Chng t bo him (nu c)

- Chng t kho hng ( nu c yu cu)

- Chng t hi quan (nu c yu cu)

#Chng t hng ha

Ha n thng mi (Commercial Invoice)

Phiu ng gi hng ha (Packing list)

Giy chng nhn phm cht ( Certificate of Quality)

Giy chng nhn s lng (Certificate of Quantity)

Bin bn gim nh hng (Survey report) (nu c)

Giy chng nhn xut x ( Certificate of Origin)

#Chng t vn ti

Vn n ( B/L hoc AWB)

Bin lai thuyn ph ( Masters receipt)

Bin lai ca cng

Giy gi hng ng bin

Bn lc khai hng ha (Cargo Manifest) do hng tu son.

#Khiu ni (claim)

Ngi bn khiu ni:

- Khi ngi mua vi phm hp ng

- Lm n khiu ni vi ND:

Tn, a ch bn nguyn, bn b

C s php l ca vic khiu ni

L do khiu ni

Tn tht xy ra

Yu cu gii quyt

Chng t km theo: HNT, INV, msg., telex, fax giao dch gia hai bn.

#Thc hin hp ng nhp khu

Lm th tc nhp khu

Th tc thanh ton ( bc u)

Thu PTVT

Mua bo him

Lm th tc hi quan (gio trnh tr.370-393)

Nhn hng ( gio trnh tr.305-307)

Kim tra hng ha NK

Khiu ni (nu c)

Thanh ton (giai on sau)

Thanh l hp ng

#Lm th tc NK

- Tng t nh lm th tc XK

- Xin giy php NK

- Thc hin theo ngh nh 12/2006/N-CP

#Th tc thanh ton (giai on u)

Thanh ton L/C:

- Lm n xin m L/C

- Lp cam kt thanh ton cho NH v tin hnh k qy (km thm th chp ti sn nu c yu cu)

- Kim tra L/C v thng bo L/C n nh XK

- Thng bo tu chnh L/C ( nu c)

Thanh ton CAD:

- K kt memorandum vi NH

- M ti khon tn thc tr gi 100%tr gi l hng

Thanh ton TT tr trc

- Yu cu NH trch ti khon tr mt phn tin hng cho nh XK trc khi h giao hng.

#Thu PTVT

Mua hng theo iu kin EXW, nhm F.

Tha thun PTVT vi ngi bn

Thng bo n ngi mua v vic k HVT

Cch thc thu tu tng t nh hng XK.

#Kim tra hng ha NK

i chiu cc chi tit gia B/Lv manifest ca hng tu phi khp vi nhau.

Khi m hm tu nhn hng cn c i din bn mua, bn bn, i din cng, ngi vn ti, c quan gim nh hng ha, i in cng ty bo him.

Kim tra hng nu c tn tht xy ra th:

- lp bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi ch tu (ROROC); v

- bin bng hng v, h hng

- Lp th d khng (letter of reservation)

- Lp bin bn gim nh (Survey report)

#Khiu ni (claim)

Khiu ni ngi bn: giao chm, giao thiu, giao khng ng s lng

Khiu ni ngi vn ti:

- a tu n cng bc hng khng ng thi gian quy nh

- a hng n cng d hng chm so vi thi gian quy nh

- Giao hng thiu s lng/ khi lng so vi B/L, hng tn tht do li ngi chuyn ch.

- Giao hng h hng khi B/L l hon ho.

#Khiu ni (claim) (tt)

H s khiu ni ngi chuyn ch

- n khiu ni ghi ni dung khiu ni v yu cu i vi ngi vn ti.

- Hp ng vn ti (nu thu tu chuyn)

- B/L, ROROC

- GCN hng thiu do ngi vn ti cp cho ngi nhn hng.

- Bin bn gim nh xp hng trong hm tu, do ngi nhn hng v thuyn trng lp hoc do gim nh vin lp.

- Th d khng (L/R) do ngi nhn hng lp gi cho ngi vn ti thng bo tn tht khng r rt.

- Bin bn hng v, h hng (nu c).

#Khiu ni (claim) (tt)

Thi hn khiu ni ngi vn ti

- Gi n khiu ni cng h s khiu ni n ngi vn ti trong thi hn nht nh.

1 nm k t ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn hoc ngy ng l phi giao hng (cng c Brucxen 1924- lut chuyn ch hng ha bng ng bin)

2 nm k to ngy giao toan b hng cho ngi nhn (Cng c Hamburg )

#Khiu ni (claim) (tt)

H s khiu ni cng ty BH:

- n khiu ni do ngi c BH vit xc nh tr gi tn tht , chi ph gim nh v chi ph khc, tng s tin yu cu bi thng.

- Chng t km theo:

H bo him

INV, B/L, ROROC

GCN hng thiu, Bin bn v h hng

Bin bn gim nh hng ha

Th d khng (L/R) thng bo tn tht khng r rt n ngi vn ti.

- Thi hn gi h s n cng ty BH: l 9 thng k t ngy hng c d khi tu.

#Thanh ton (giai on sau)

Thanh ton L/C at sight hoc D/P: thanh ton ngay khi nhn BCT.

Thanh ton L/C tr sau hoc D/A: chp nhn thanh ton ngay khi

nhn BCT. Cam kt thanh ton tin trong thi hn quy nh trn hi phiu.

Chuyn ti

- TT or MT

- Lp lnh tr tin n NH, yu cu NH trch ti khon ca mnh chuyn tr tin hng cho nh XK.

- Sau khi chuyn tin n i l NH nc XK, NH ca ngi mua ghi N v gi giy bo n v s tin chuyn n nh NK.

#Thanh l hp dng

Mua hng theo iu kin EXW, nhm F.

Tha thun PTVT vi ngi bn

Thng bo n ngi mua v vic k HVT

Cch thc thu tu tng t nh hng XK.