Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - market research
Transcript of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - market research
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Japan Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to 2022
GDHC1088CFR / Published April 2013
Executive Summary
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Sales for CML in Japan
The Japan CML therapeutics market in the 7MM is
forecasted to grow from $488.7m in 2012 to $564.7m in
2022 at a CAGR of 1.5%.
Drivers of growth in the CML therapeutics market in
Japan will include:
An increasing prevalence of CML, which will result in
greater number of drug-treated patients
Increased uptake of higher-priced second-generation
TKIs in newly diagnosed patients, and third-
generation TKIs in later lines of therapy
The major barriers to growth in the CML therapeutics
market in Japan will include:
Delayed launch of Bosulif and Iclusig compared with
the other major markets
Biennial cuts to pharmaceutical prices
Generic erosion of Gleevec and Sprycel sales
The following figure shows the breakdown of sales of
CML therapeutics market by brand in Japan from 2012 to
2022.
Sales for CML Therapeutics in Japan by Brand, 2012–2022
Source: GlobalData
What Do the Physicians Think?
Our experts believe that the most promising new market
entrant is Ariad’s Iclusig (ponatinib). Although it is highly
efficacious, they expect its use to be limited to later lines
of therapy as a result of its premium price and associated
toxicities.
47.9%
28.5%
23.6%
Gleevec Sprycel Tasigna Bosulif Iclusig
2012Total: $488.7m
28.8%
25.1%
32.6%
3.3%
10.3%
Gleevec Sprycel Tasigna Bosulif Iclusig
2022Total: $564.7m
Executive Summary
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“Ponatinib is a really good drug and I think that it’s the
one that has a chance to really move up. Because I think
a lot of [physicians], they are thinking about it for people
who have T315I mutations…but it works on almost all the
mutations. So I think there is going to be a move to kind
of use that as a salvage therapy, especially for people
who have started on dasatinib and nilotinib and don’t do
well. They will go to ponatinib.”
US Key Opinion Leader, February 2013
“Ponatinib is a very active drug against all mutations, and
it has a very, very good chance for third-line, of course,
but also [for] second-line treatment. The study for first-
line treatment is ongoing, that means I expect some more
[use] in first-line as well. But then, having four drugs
available for first-line treatment…it really depends on the
economics.”
5EU Key Opinion Leader, February 2013
Key opinion leaders in the 7MM believe that the safety
and cost will be the most critical factors influencing future
prescribing patterns.
“In the next five years, the most important factors will be
the side effects and the cost [of a drug] more than the
efficacy, because all these drugs are very effective.”
5EU Key Opinion Leader, January 2013
Physicians are eager for the launch of generic imatinib.
They believe that although other therapies are stronger,
the cost savings associated with generic imatinib will
make it the drug of choice for low- to intermediate-risk
newly diagnosed CP-CML patients. In many markets,
particularly in the 5EU, they expect the use of generic
imatinib to be mandated by payers.
“I think that when you calculate the prevalence of CML in
the world, I think that [using generic imatinib in newly
diagnosed CML patients] is the right decision. You can
help more patients when you use the cheaper drug, in
total. But of course, the individual patient would benefit
from the more expensive and efficacious drug; but the
worldwide population of CML patients will benefit from
the cheaper drug because more patients can be treated
with the cheaper drug. That’s the responsibility we all
have.”
5EU Key Opinion Leader, February 2013
The discontinuation of TKI therapy is the future of CML,
and something highly desired by patients.
“The target for the 21st century must be to stop a tyrosine
kinase inhibitor in a way that a person doesn’t need to
take it for the rest of their life. So all attention focuses on
a) how you can increase the proportion of patients who
achieve a complete, durable, molecular response and b)
what additional measures you can take to ensure that
eventually a TKI can be stopped.”
5EU Key Opinion Leader, January 2013
Currently, there is no “best” sequence of TKIs to
prescribe for CML patients. More long-term follow-up
data is needed to justify routinely prescribing second- or
third-generation TKIs for newly diagnosed CP-CML
patients rather than Gleevec.
“There is still not enough data for us to recommend any
specific treatment other than just ‘tyrosine kinase
inhibitors’ for upfront therapy for CML. Especially
regarding an increase in survival.”
US Key Opinion Leader, February 2013
Table of Contents
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1 Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1 List of Tables ............................................................................................................... 8
1.2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................. 9
2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Catalyst ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Related Reports ........................................................................................................ 10
2.3 Upcoming Related Reports ........................................................................................ 11
3 Disease Overview ............................................................................................................. 12
3.1 Etiology and Pathophysiology .................................................................................... 12
3.1.1 Etiology ............................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Pathophysiology.................................................................................................. 13
3.1.3 Clinical Staging ................................................................................................... 15
3.1.4 Prognosis ............................................................................................................ 16
3.1.5 Quality of Life ...................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Symptoms ................................................................................................................. 17
4 Disease Management ....................................................................................................... 19
4.1 Global Trends ........................................................................................................... 19
4.1.1 Treatment Overview ............................................................................................ 19
4.1.2 Diagnostic Tests ................................................................................................. 21
4.1.3 Genetic Testing ................................................................................................... 22
4.1.4 Monitoring Patient Response to Treatment .......................................................... 24
4.1.5 Future Directions: Discontinuation Therapy ......................................................... 27
4.2 Japan ........................................................................................................................ 28
4.2.1 Diagnosis and Monitoring .................................................................................... 28
4.2.2 Clinical Treatment ............................................................................................... 28
4.2.3 Genetic Testing ................................................................................................... 29
5 Competitive Assessment ................................................................................................... 30
Table of Contents
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5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Strategic Competitor Assessment .............................................................................. 30
5.3 Product Profiles- Major Brands .................................................................................. 33
5.3.1 Gleevec (imatinib) ............................................................................................... 33
5.3.2 Sprycel (dasatinib) .............................................................................................. 37
5.3.3 Tasigna (nilotinib) ................................................................................................ 43
5.3.4 Bosulif (bosutinib) ............................................................................................... 48
5.3.5 Iclusig (ponatinib) ................................................................................................ 53
5.3.6 Minor Therapeutic Classes .................................................................................. 57
6 Opportunity and Unmet Need ............................................................................................ 59
6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 59
6.2 Unmet Need: A Drug that Can Cure CML .................................................................. 60
6.3 Unmet Need: Lower Annual Cost of Therapy ............................................................. 61
6.4 Unmet Need: Treatments for Patients Who Have Primary Resistance to or are
Refractory to TKIs ..................................................................................................... 62
6.5 Unmet Need: More Efficacious Treatments for AP and BP CML ................................ 62
6.6 Unmet Need: Therapies with Fewer Chronic Side Effects .......................................... 63
6.7 Unmet Need: Better Compliance from Patients on Long-Term Oral Therapy .............. 63
6.8 Unmet Need: Methods of Determining the Optimal Therapy for a Patient ................... 64
6.9 Opportunity: Exploration into Discontinuation Therapy ............................................... 64
6.10 Opportunity: Companion Devices to Enhance Patient Adherence to Oral Therapy ..... 65
6.11 Opportunity: Therapies with BCR-ABL Independent MOAs ........................................ 65
6.12 Opportunity: Extended-Release Formulations of TKIs ................................................ 66
6.13 Opportunity: Biomarkers to Identify the Optimal Therapy for a Given Patient .............. 66
7 Pipeline Assessment......................................................................................................... 67
7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 67
7.2 Innovative Early-Stage Approaches ........................................................................... 67
7.2.1 Project 1: The Wnt Signaling Pathway ................................................................. 69
7.2.2 Project 2: Jak2 Inhibitors ..................................................................................... 70
Table of Contents
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7.2.3 Project 3: Grb-2................................................................................................... 71
7.2.4 Case Study: Smoothened Inhibitors .................................................................... 71
8 Market Outlook ................................................................................................................. 73
8.1 Japan ........................................................................................................................ 73
8.1.1 Forecast.............................................................................................................. 74
8.1.2 Key Events ......................................................................................................... 75
8.1.3 Drivers and Barriers ............................................................................................ 76
9 Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 79
9.1 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 79
9.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 85
9.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 88
9.4 Forecasting Methodology .......................................................................................... 88
9.4.1 Diagnosed CML patients ..................................................................................... 88
9.4.2 Drug-treated Patients on X Line of Therapy ......................................................... 89
9.4.3 Drugs Included in Each Therapeutic Class .......................................................... 89
9.4.4 Launch and Patent Expiry Dates ......................................................................... 89
9.4.5 General Pricing Assumptions .............................................................................. 90
9.4.6 Compliance Assumptions for Oral TKIs ............................................................... 91
9.4.7 Individual Drug Assumptions ............................................................................... 91
9.4.8 Generic Erosion .................................................................................................. 93
9.4.9 Pricing of New Market Entrants ........................................................................... 93
9.5 Physicians and Specialists Included in this Study ...................................................... 94
9.6 Survey of High Prescribing Physicians ....................................................................... 95
9.7 About the Authors ..................................................................................................... 96
9.7.1 Authors ............................................................................................................... 96
9.7.2 Epidemiologists ................................................................................................... 97
9.7.3 Global Director of Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Analysis ................................ 98
9.7.4 Global Head of Healthcare .................................................................................. 99
Table of Contents
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9.8 About GlobalData ................................................................................................... 100
9.9 Contact Us ............................................................................................................. 100
9.10 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................. 100
Table of Contents
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1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: The Staging of CML as Defined by Commonly Used Staging Systems .................... 15
Table 2: Prognostic Scoring Systems for CML ...................................................................... 16
Table 3: Common Symptoms of CML by Disease Phase ...................................................... 18
Table 4: Most Commonly Followed Treatment Guidelines for CML ....................................... 20
Table 5: Most Prescribed First-Line Therapies for CP, AP and BP CML in the Global Markets,
2013 ....................................................................................................................... 21
Table 6: Suggested Treatments for CML Patients with Selected BCR-ABL Kinase Domain
Mutations ................................................................................................................ 24
Table 7: CML Response Types, Criteria, and Corresponding Tests ...................................... 25
Table 8: Leading Treatments for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, 2013 ....................................... 32
Table 9: Product Profile – Gleevec ....................................................................................... 34
Table 10: Hematologic and Cytogenetic Reponses to Gleevec in Newly Diagnosed CML
Patients .................................................................................................................. 35
Table 11: Gleevec SWOT Analysis, 2013 ............................................................................... 37
Table 12: Product Profile – Sprycel ........................................................................................ 39
Table 13: Hematologic and Cytogenetic Reponses to Sprycel in Imatinib Resistant or Intolerant
Advanced Phase CML ............................................................................................ 40
Table 14: Sprycel SWOT Analysis, 2013 ................................................................................ 42
Table 15: Product Profile – Tasigna ....................................................................................... 44
Table 16: Molecular and Cytogenetic Responses of Tasigna Compared with Gleevec in Newly
Diagnosed Ph+ CML in CP ..................................................................................... 45
Table 17: Tasigna SWOT Analysis, 2013 ............................................................................... 47
Table 18: Product Profile – Bosulif ......................................................................................... 49
Table 19: Bosulif SWOT Analysis, 2013 ................................................................................. 52
Table 20: Product Profile – Iclusig .......................................................................................... 54
Table 21: Iclusig SWOT Analysis, 2013 .................................................................................. 57
Table 22: Summary of Minor Therapeutic Classes, 2013 ........................................................ 58
Table 23: Overall Unmet Needs – Current Level of Attainment ............................................... 60
Table 24: Early-stage Pipeline Projects in CML ...................................................................... 69
Table of Contents
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Table 25: Sales Forecasts ($m) for CML Therapeutics in Japan, 2012–2022 .......................... 74
Table 26: Key Events Impacting Sales of CML Therapeutics in Japan, 2013 .......................... 75
Table 27: CML Market in Japan – Drivers and Barriers, 2013 ................................................. 76
Table 28: Key Launch Dates .................................................................................................. 89
Table 29: Key Patent Expiries ................................................................................................ 89
Table 30: Physicians Surveyed, by Country ........................................................................... 95
1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Translocation of Chromosomes 9 and 22 ................................................................ 13
Figure 2: Comparison of Normal and Leukemia Blood Cells ................................................... 14
Figure 3: Sales for CML Therapeutics in Japan by Brand, 2012–2022 ................................... 75
Introduction
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2 Introduction
2.1 Catalyst
The launch of Novartis’ BCR-ABL inhibitor Gleevec (imatinib) in 2001 forever changed the
treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). With Gleevec, and later the second-generation TKIs,
BMS’ Sprycel (dasatinib) and Novartis’ Tasigna (nilotinib), CML has become less of a death
sentence and more of a chronic, manageable condition. The CML market has grown as a result of
this steadily increasing disease prevalence, and the high cost of branded TKIs places a heavy
financial burden on patients and global healthcare systems.
The effects of this burden will have a major impact on the future CML market. The sustained and
escalating costs of branded TKI therapy have left payers, physicians and patients anxiously
awaiting the launch of generic imatinib. Swift erosion of Gleevec sales will follow, and physicians
will be left with the question of whether to prescribe second-generation TKIs for newly diagnosed
patients, or the more cost-effective generic Gleevec. Ultimately, the launch and uptake of generic
imatinib will be the primary driver of the decreasing size of the global CML market. New entrants
Pfizer’s Bosulif (bosutinib) and Ariad’s Iclusig (ponatinib) will be welcome treatment options for
patients who are refractory to or intolerant of Gleevec, Sprycel and Tasigna. In light of the
aforementioned fiscal constraints, these drugs will be predominantly prescribed in later lines of
therapy, restricting their ability to compensate for the market’s loss of Gleevec sales.
2.2 Related Reports
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - United States Drug Forecast and Market
Analysis to 2022. GDHC1082CFR
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - United Kingdom Drug Forecast and Market
Analysis to 2022. GDHC1087CFR
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - France Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1083CFR
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Germany Drug Forecast and Market Analysis
to 2022. GDHC1084CFR
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Italy Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1085CFR
Introduction
© GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and is not to be copied, reproduced, shared or resold in any form. Page 11 GDHC1088CFR / Published APR 2013
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Spain Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1086CFR
GlobalData (2013). Gleevec (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1136DFR
GlobalData (2013). Sprycel (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1137DFR
GlobalData (2013). Tasigna (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1138DFR
GlobalData (2013). Bosulif (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1139DFR
GlobalData (2013). Iclusig (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC11340FR
GlobalData (2013). Synribo (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) - Forecast and Market Analysis to
2022. GDHC1141DFR
GlobalData (2013). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Current and Future Players. GDHC1011FPR
Appendix
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9.8 About GlobalData
GlobalData is a leading global provider of business intelligence in the Healthcare industry.
GlobalData provides its clients with up-to-date information and analysis on the latest developments
in drug research, disease analysis, and clinical research and development. Our integrated business
intelligence solutions include a range of interactive online databases, analytical tools, reports and
forecasts. Our analysis is supported by a 24/7 client support and analyst team.
GlobalData has offices in New York, Boston, London, India and Singapore.
9.10 Disclaimer
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the publisher, GlobalData.