Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46...
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Transcript of Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46...
![Page 1: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chromosomes & Meiosis
![Page 2: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Big Picture
MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes
Egg = 23 chromosomes
Zygote = 46 chromosomes
Fertilization
MITOSIS
MeiosisProcess of creating sex cells with half the amount of DNA
SpermMale sex cell (23)
Egg Female sex cell (23)
Fertilizationprocess where egg and spermfuse together
ZygoteFirst cell created afterfertilization (46)
MitosisProcess to create identicalbody cells with the SAME amount of DNA
![Page 3: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How Do Scientists Make Karyotypes?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ShPzzrCetE
![Page 4: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Analyzing Karyotypes
A picture of a person’s chromosomes is called a karyotype.
A person’s body cell has 46 chromosomes in total.
However, if we look closely we can see 23 pairs of chromosomes.
23
![Page 5: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Analyzing KaryotypesIn a karyotype there are 23 pairs of chromosomes.– Pairs 1-22 are called
autosomes– Pair 23 is called sex
chromosomes
Male & female karotypes are different.– Female’s 23rd pair = XX– Male’s 23rd pair = XY– THINK! – Is this karotype
showing a male or female?
The grey colored bands on the chromosomes represent a person’s genes.
23
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Genes on ChromosomesThe chromosomes carry the person’s genes.
– Both carry the same order of genes.
– However, the genes on one chromosomes may be a slightly different version from the genes on the other chromosome.
– A person inherits one gene from mom and one gene from dad.
– The two genes work together to give a person his/her trait.
– THINK? – What is the eye color for each chromosome pair?
• Bb = Brown eyes• BB = Brown• bb = blue
Bb b bB B
![Page 7: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Activity: Analyzing Karyotypes
L t H A
l T H a
1. What is the puppy’s hair length? Short
2. What is the puppy’s hair texture? Silky
3. What is the puppy’s curliness? Curly
4. What is the puppy’s coat pattern? Spotted
5. For which trait(s) did mom and dad give the SAME versions of genes? curliness
6. For which trait(s) did mom and dad give DIFFERENT versions? Length, texture, coat pattern
![Page 8: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Activity: Big PictureWork with your partners to explain each term shown to the right. Use your own words!
MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes
Egg = 23 chromosomes
Zygote = 46 chromosomes
Fertilization
MITOSIS
MeiosisProcess of creating sex cells with half the amount of DNA
SpermMale sex cell (23)
Egg Female sex cell (23)
Fertilizationprocess where egg and spermfuse together
ZygoteFirst cell created afterfertilization (46)
MitosisProcess to create identicalbody cells with the SAME amount of DNA
![Page 9: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Meiosis Animation
Meiosis– Process used to make sex cells (egg or sperm) – These cells have HALF the amount of DNA
Click on image to see the animation!
![Page 10: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Accidents during Meiosis
Accidents during meiosis can cause some individuals to have an extra chromosome or a missing chromosome in his/her sex cell.
– An extra chromosome in a pair is called a trisomy.
– A missing chromosome in a pair is called a monosomy.
– http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/predictdisorder/
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Gender:Female
Disorder:Trisomy in pair 21
Symptoms:Learning difficultiesUnique Facial featuresHeart Defects
![Page 12: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gender:Male
Disorder:Trisomy in pair 23
Symptoms:Less prominent malecharacteristics
![Page 13: Chromosomes & Meiosis. Big Picture MEIOSIS Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Zygote = 46 chromosomes Fertilization MITOSIS Meiosis Process of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8e78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gender:Female
Disorder:Monosomy in pair 23
Symptoms:Female who can’t make egg cells (sterile)