Christopher Columbus [1451-1506] First Encounter 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue. Looking for...
Transcript of Christopher Columbus [1451-1506] First Encounter 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue. Looking for...
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
First Encounter
• 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.
• Looking for India he lands on what is now called the West Indies in Caribbean.
• Raped and pillaged the islands. Taking all resources back to Spain.
Hernan Hernan CortesCortesHernan Hernan CortesCortes
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Moctezuma Moctezuma IIII
Moctezuma Moctezuma IIII
vsvs..
vsvs..
Cortes vs. Moctezuma• Hernan Cortes lands in Mexico
1519 with 600 men and 16 horses.
• Makes alliances with the natives who were unhappy with Aztec Rulers
• Attacks the city of Tenochititlan
• Is defeated by Montezuma and retreats
Cortes vs. Moctezuma• News spreads that Montezuma
is killed in battle.
• Cortes regroups and attacks again in 1521 taking over the magnificent city. That today is Mexico City.
• Cortes inspires other Conquistadors in South America.
The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortesCortes
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortesCortes
PizarroPizarroPizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The IncasThe Incas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The IncasThe Incas
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
vsvs..
Pizarroo vs. Atahualpa• Fransico Pizarroo with help from
the natives took control of Peru.
• Atahualpa (new leader) was told to give over his empire and to accept Christianity.
• Atahualpa refused and was held for ransom.
• Ransom was paid and Atalhualpa was killed
•
How Did They Do It?• Military Technology (Muskets,
Cannons, and armor)
• Horses that freighted the natives.
• Division amongst the Indians.
• European disease statistic – Native population dropped 90% from 50 million to 4 million
Bartolome de Las Casas• A priest who sought
to protect the Native Americans from European abuses
• Recommendation: replace American laborers with imported African slaves
• See page 80
The Colombian Exchange• The trade of goods between the
New World (The Americas) and the Old World (Europe & Africa)
• Bad things also were exchanged between the East and West.
• Diseases like small pox, measles, and influenza came to America and killed along with war 95% of natives.
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Olive
Oil Birds
Peppers Black Pepper
Chicken
Donkey Turnips
Cabbage
Lettuce
Rabbit Cotton Rat
Olives Coffee Bean
Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee
Barley
Grape Peach Sugar Cane
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear Wheat Horse
Cattle Sheep Pigs
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
Squash Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Strawberry
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava
Potato
Peanut
Tomato
Vanilla
Corn
Chocolate Birds (Fowl)
Honey Bee
Bear
Sunflowers
Alpaca Honeybee
Bison
Papaya Guinea Pig Muscles Lama Chilies Shrimp Crabs
Pecan
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives
Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard
Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar MillSlaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill
Sacrifice of the First-Sacrifice of the First-BornBorn
by Theodore de Bryby Theodore de Bry
Sacrifice of the First-Sacrifice of the First-BornBorn
by Theodore de Bryby Theodore de Bry
MercantilismMercantilismMercantilismMercantilismThe economy and trade
are essential to the health and safety of the nation.
1.Get as much gold and silveras you can.
2.Establish a favorable balance of trade.
3.Get colonies.
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
PeninsularPeninsulareses
PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreolesCreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
MestizoMestizoss
MulattMulattosos
MulattMulattosos
Native IndiansNative IndiansNative IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack SlavesBlack SlavesBlack Slaves
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Spanish Spanish MissionMission Spanish Spanish MissionMission
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas
Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas
New Laws --> 1542New Laws --> 1542