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CHRISTIAN MINISTRYModels of Ministry and Training
Jesudason Baskar Jeyaraj
Published by
Theological Book Trust
Bangalore
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Table of Contents
PREFACE 7
FOREWORD 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13
ABBREVIATIONS 15
INTRODUCTION 17
CHAPTER ONE
Terms, Definitions and Metaphors of Ministry 21
CHAPTER TWO
Theological, Contextual and Ecclesiological Basis of Ministry 43
CHAPTER THREE
Relating Ministry to Context 55
CHRISTIAN MINISTRY - Models of Ministry and Training
Theological Book Trust 2002
ISBN : 81-7475-040-1
First published 2002 by Theological Book TrustReprinted 2006
All Rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
form, except for the purposes of brief review in periodicals, without
prior permission of Theological Book Trust, P.O. Box 9529,
Bangalore 560095, India.
Printed at : The J & P Print & Allied Industries, Bangalore
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CHAPTER FOUR
Models of Ministry in the Bible 81
Priestly Model
Liberation ModelAdministration Model
Prophetic Model
Reformer Model
Political Action Model
Wisdom Model
Chronicler ModelSon of Man Model
Evangelistic Model
Missionary Model
Charity Model
Counselling Model
Pastoral Model
CHAPTER FIVE
Priesthood of all Believers 209
CHAPTER SIX
Structures and Partnership for Gods Ministry 235
CHAPTER SEVEN
Developing Leaders for Ministry: Principles of Training 245
CHAPTER EIGHT
Theological Education, Context and Involvement 263
CHAPTER NINE
Models of Theological Education: Case Studies 275
Living and Learning in Villages: Inculturation Experiment
(Arul Kadal Seminary, Chennai)
Off-Campus Programme for Urban Exposure
(Tamilnadu Theological Seminary, Madurai)
Ministerial Training for Church Planting
(Madras Theological Seminary and College, Chennai)
Laity Formation in Secular Colleges: Equipping Women
(Lady Doak College, Madurai)
Vocational and Theological Integrated Training
(ACTS Institute, Bangalore)
CONCLUSION 331
BIBLIOGRAPHY 335
INDEX 345
4 5
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6 7
Christian Ministry
Preface
J.B. Jeyaraj has put in a wealth of academic scholarship andpersonal experience into this book Christian Ministry. Minis-
try is such a diverse involvement, and therefore no one book
can exhaust all the implications. But here is one that can serve
as a useful textbook with an excellent treatment of the subject.
Many books on ministry have been used in institutions in
India, but mostly from the West and therefore offering Western
perspectives. Some of these are not only irrelevant but also out-
dated. Jeyaraj writes as an Indian and relates ministry to the
Indian context complete with some apt case studies.
When speaking of the Indian context, it is clear that most
treatments of ministry, particularly if coming from a Western
perspective, would lack a contextual grounding. Jeyaraj gives a
whole chapter to help us understand the socio-economic and
religious context of our country. The reader would find this
study very helpful to help make ministry more meaningful in
our diverse situations.
One very useful aspect of this book is its treatment of thevaried forms of ministry. Most times we look at ministry as
either evangelism or social action (including liberation) and some
would bring these two together. This book gives us 14 models of
ministry, and this serves to encourage every member of the
church to consider himself/herself as being engaged in minis-
try.
Jeyaraj pleads for a much needed and relevant curriculum
for ministry in theological educational institutions. The princi-ples he supplies for theological training are very appropriate. I
fully agree with the writer that we need to look at training peo-
ple for effective ministry and therefore an appropriate curricu-
lum must be developed to assist in this task.
Case studies are included to show different models of train-
ing in Indian context. These case studies are carefully chosen
to present the different ways in which theological training of
ministers and laity is carried on in the Indian context. Com-
mendably, the author stayed in these institutions to study their
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14 15
Christian Ministry
nary for granting me leave for one year to do this Post-doctoral
research and writing.
I express my thanks and appreciation to the five institutions
listed in the Case Studies. Their materials are valuable informa-
tion on the new patterns of education in relating Christian faithto the context. Continuous encouragement and prayer support
from my wife, daughter and son enabled me to complete this
book. I dedicate this book to my parents who taught me to love
God and people. I believe, this book can be used as a valuable
resource material in theological seminaries, workshops, semi-
nars and Bible Studies in churches.
I am thankful to the Editors of TBT for printing the second
edition. I am hearing good response for the readers of the firstedition. My appreciation goes to Dr. Ken Gnanakan and his
team of staff in TBT in publishing and marketing this book at an
affordable price for Indian Christian leaders, students in theo-
logical colleges and lay people.
Abbreviations
AAHE - ACTS Academy of Higher Education
ACTS - Agriculture, Crafts, Trades and Studies
AIT - Asian Institute of Theology
AJTR - Arasaradi Journal of Theological Reflection
AK - Arul Kadal
AMA - Asia Missions Advance
ATA - Asia Theological Association
ATC - Asian Trading Corporation
CISRS - Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society
CLS - Christian Literature Society
CNI - Church of North India
CSI - Church of South India
ECI - Evangelical Church of India
ELS - Evangelical Literature Service
FTS - Fuller Theological Seminary
HIALS - Haggai Institute of Advanced Leadership Skills
ISPCK - Indian Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge
ITC - International Theological Commentary
IVP - Inter-Varsity PressLDC - Lady Doak College
MTSC - Madras Theological Seminary and College
NBD - New Bible Dictionary
NCB - New Century Bible
NCCI - National Christian Council of India
SSC - Senate of Serampore College
TBT - Theological Book Trust
TELC - Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church
TDNT - Theological Dictionary of the New TestamentTDOT - Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
TNTC - Tyndale New Testament Commentary
TOTC - Tyndale Old Testament Commentary
TRACI - Theological Research And Communication Institute
TTS - Tamilnadu Theological Seminary
WBC - Word Bible Commentary
WCL - William Carey Library
WEF - World Evangelical Fellowship
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Introduction
Christian ministry is a vast subject. Thousands of books havebeen written on this subject. Early Church Fathers, Martin
Luther and Calvin have expressed their views on ministry. Many
theologians, specializing on Practical Theology, follow the writ-
ings of Karl Barth. Theologians from Roman Catholic and Prot-
estant churches in various parts of the world are writing articles
on ministry in journals and publishing books. Many doctoral
dissertations written on the ministry add their valuable contri-
bution for further research and writing. A broad analysis of the
books written on ministry could show that these books dealwith one or more aspects of ministry such as the theology of
ministry, qualities of Christian ministers, the history of Chris-
tian ministry, contextual problems and issues, planning goals
and strategies, theological education, training and skills, the
role of prayer and fund-raising for ministry. The voluminous
resources available on Christian ministry indicate the complex-
ity of the subject. Publications on this subject will continue to
explain the nature and role of ministry and yet cannot exhaust
the subject. My concern in writing a book on Christian ministry
is to provide a basic study material for those who are interested
in serving God. I do not claim that my book deals with all the
issues and gives solution to the problems. It is only an introduc-
tion to Christian ministry with the purpose of enabling readers
to understand the true meaning of ministry, the different mod-
els of ministry, theological and contextual issues, patterns of
training and to encourage each member of the church to be
involved in ministry.The First chapter discusses the definitions of Christian min-
istry, nuances of the terms used in the Bible to refer to ministry
and the images of servanthood. This chapter emphasizes disci-
pleship as an indispensable aspect of ministry. The definition,
terms and images alone are not enough to explain the depth of
ministry. So Second chapter deals with the foundation of Chris-
tian ministry and how theological, contextual and ecclesiological
reasons are inter-connected. This triangular model functions
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Chapter One
Terms, Definitions andMetaphors of Ministry
Ministry is pluralistic. Any reader of the Bible could notice
the different kinds of ministry done by different people in dif-
ferent periods of history. Scholars have classified the differentperiods of biblical history as the Primeval period of creation
(Gen.1-11), the period of the Ancestors of Israel (Gen.12-50),
the Exodus and Wandering Period (Ex, Lev.Num. Dt.), the Set-
tlement period in Canaan (Josh. Jud.), the Monarchical period
(1,2 Samuel, 1,2 Kings and some prophetic books), the Exilic
period (Isa.40-55, Ezek.), the Return and Restoration in the Post-
exilic period (Isa.56-66, Hag. Zach, Mal.), the Maccabees Period
and the Hasmonean Rule (Inter-Testamental Period literature),
the Romans, the Herods and the time of Jesus (Gospels), theApostolic period and the expansion of the churches in West
Asia (Acts, Epistles) and the period of severe persecution and
survival (Revelation). The history of Christianity from the time
of the Apostles till this modern day is divided into major periods
such as the period of the Early Fathers, the Medieval, the Refor-
mation, the Enlightenment and Ecumenism and has seen great
developments in the ministries of the Church.
Ministry is a comprehensive word meaning service and gen-
erally referring to all sorts of service. This word is used quite
often in secular professions, particularly to refer to different de-
partments of government such as the Ministry of Home Affairs,
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the Min-
istry of Employment and Human Resources, the Ministry of Fi-
nance, the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, etc. Some leaders
who are elected to represent their constituency, either in the
local Assembly of the State or in the Parliament also join the
cabinet and are called Ministers of a certain portfolio. Next to
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42 43
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Chapter Two
Theological, Contextual andEcclesiological Basis of Ministry
Any service or action ought to have a reason, ideological ba-
sis or a philosophy. The justification for Christian ministry is
found in its theological, ecclesiastical and contextual reasons.
Instead of combining these three aspects as one Scriptural ba-
sis, I have listed them separately. One reason is to give each
aspect a separate identity and emphasize its importance in Chris-
tian ministry. Another is to uphold the fact that the actions of
God and the birth of the Church have preceeded the writing of
the Bible. Both the OT and NT testify to what has happened in
the history of mankind. The books of the OT and NT narrate the
events after they had happened. God and his actions are more
important than the recordings. However, the members of thebody of Christ come to know Gods revelation and actions through
the written Scripture. The Scripture holds validity for the life
and ministry of Christians because it is the inspired and infalli-
ble Word of God. Reflecting on what has been written as the
normative and infallible truth of Gods revelation, Christians
could draw the theological basis and competence for ministry.
TRINITARIAN FOUNDATION
The biblical God is the Trinity the Father, Son and the HolySpirit. We need to know the way God, the Father acted in the
history of mankind, through His son Jesus Christ and the Holy
Spirit. Focussing on the actions of only one person in the Trin-
ity cannot provide a holistic foundation for Christian ministry.
Pentecostals emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit more and
explain the ministry from the perspective of the role of the Holy
Spirit. Adventists developed their ministry according to their
emphasis on the work of God, the Father. Some denominations
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Chapter Four
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80 81
Chapter Four
Models of Ministry in the Bible
The contextual and theological reasons for ministry demand
a closer look into the different models of ministry. The word
modelis often used in the general sense of an example, symbol
and image. We find various definitions for the term model. It
has a loaded technical nuance in some disciplines of study such
as social sciences, psychology and engineering. Ideas, symbols,
relationships, structures and functions can be communicated
efficiently through the means of models. Harold Ellens describes
a model as a descriptive and symbolic rendering of the essen-
tial characteristics of an idea, process or structure (1974:9).
Models describe what is happening or has happened in an in-
stitution or a community and are representations of reality.
Therefore, models are not perfect and permanent but they
emerge in a particular context to achieve a goal. They couldbecome ineffective, static or obsolete over a long period of time
or could be useful to society. Models can be modified and ener-
gized to suit to changing contexts. Models of the real world give
instructions on the merits and demerits of ideas, achievements
and failures of persons, institutions and structures. Models of
the ideal world, however, are a challenge to new levels of effec-
tiveness. I prefer to use the term modelto describe what has
been going on in the society of Israel, with particular reference
to the ministry. Models make a great impact on the lives of peo-ple. Christians have their own favourite model of ministry. The
most popular are the pastoral and evangelistic models of minis-
try. Some Christians do not regard the ministries narrated in
the Old Testament as important or valid for today. A few others
assume that the ministries in the Old Testament are replaced
in the New Testament. Studying the different models of minis-
try, their development over the years and their contribution to
the church and society, is rewarding. This chapter will focus on
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Christian Ministry
Chapter Five
Priesthood of all Believers
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208 209
Different models of ministry in the Bible have, so far, been
identified and some of the salient features of these models have
been discussed. These have been ministries of individuals or
groups in different periods of biblical history. After the period of
the apostles, some of these ministries were carried on with some
modifications in different parts of the world. However, some of
the traditional designations like priestly, prophetic, evange-listic, missionary and charity are retained. Today, modern
technology is used in doing some of these ministries, Even
though, Christian ministry is done by leaders particularly by
pastors, evangelists and missionaries, it is not by a few leaders
or for a few people but by the church as a corporate body. Ac-
cording to Donald Messer Ministry is the function of the church
as a whole. It is Gods gift not first of all to the individual, but to
the community of faith, who in turn chooses who should repre-
sent it in leadership roles. The Church is ministry. Its raisondetreis service to the world. There is no other reason for the
church to exist (1989:64). The ministry of the Church is called
the priesthood of all believers (1 Pet.2:5,9; Rev. 1:6; 5:10). The
term priesthood is used in the comprehensive sense of the
ministry or service of all those who believe in Jesus as the
Lord and Saviour, whether these believers are ordained or not
ordained. The emphasis of the NT is not just on the priestly
model only but falls on all the functions of ministry (Eph. 4:11-
13) done by the Church in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.
In other words, the Church is the priest to serve the eternal
God. This doctrine of priesthood of all believers is a significant
development on the OT idea of priesthood. The people of Israel
were called the chosen people, a kingdom of priests and a
holy nation at the time of making the covenant at Sinai (Ex.
19:5-6). While this text speaks of the entire people of Israel as
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Christian Ministry
Chapter Six
Structures and Partnership for
Gods Ministry
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234 235
Churches and para-church organizations have contributed,
for many years through their various ministries, to the growth
of the church and the progress of society. Their existence and
contributions confirm that churches cannot ignore para-church
organizations and social movements. The para-church agencies
too cannot replace the churches or make them irrelevant. Thesemodalities and sodalities are realities today. They need each
other. However, there are tensions and problems between
churches and para-church organizations. Churches are suspi-
cious of the competitiveness of these organizations . The preach-
ing, teaching and writings of the leaders of para-church organi-
zations, they feel, are not theological. Some of them teach wrong
doctrines and others promote conservatism. The leaders of the
churches, therefore, constantly have to counter such wrongtrends in theological doctrine from spreading among their con-
gregation and guard the members against leaving their churches
to join fundamentalist groups. Moreover, churches feel that para-
church organizations are encouraging the congregations to send
their tithe and offerings to their programmes and ministries
rather than to give to churches in support of the ministries of
the parishes. Churches are afraid that they might lose their
income, which would affect their programmes and ministries.
They, therefore, want to control the para-church organisations.Some dioceses have restricted the activities of para-church agen-
cies in their churches. Some of them banned some para-church
movements and have announced to their congregation not to
have any link with such movements.
Para-church agencies, on the other hand, accuse churches
for limiting their activities to worship, which is often traditional
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Christian Ministry
Chapter Seven
Developing Leaders for Ministry:
Principles of Training
Training and de eloping leaders for the ministr of ch rches
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Training and developing leaders for the ministry of churches,
organizations and institutions is indispensable. A few people
are born with the qualities of leadership but, many people are
shaped to be successful leaders by their families, friends, una-
voidable circumstances and situations or through special train-
ing. Rigorous training is given to soldiers and officers in themilitary service. Terrorist groups train their men and women to
accomplish the task with minute precision at the cost of their
lives. Industries and businesses train their executives, manag-
ers, sales personals, office staff and labourers by sending them,
periodically, to various institutes and training centres. Doctors,
nurses and lab technicians are constantly updated on the use
of new techniques and modern equipment. Compared to these
people, Christian ministers are trained less. It is sad to note
that the churches are not giving priority to training their clergy
and lay people towards the development of quality leadership.
Anthony DSouza points out that Christian leadership essen-
tially involves service and should not promote power, authority,
honour, prestige or personal advantage (Developing the Leader
within You:Strategies for Effective Leadership:1994:5). He re-
minds us to distinguish between leadership and management
and writes, Essentially, leadership is a broader concept than
management. Leadership involves working with and throughpeople to achieve results, which are not necessarily institutional
or organizational goals. We can think of management as a spe-
cial kind of leadership that sees achieving of institutional or
organizational goals as paramount (1994:17). Various reasons
contribute to the neglect in the development of efficient
leaders.
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Christian Ministry
Chapter Eight
Theological Education,
Context and Involvement
This essay is a reflection based on my 20 years of experience
as a Theological teacher in an ecumenical seminary affiliated to
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g y
the Senate of Serampore College and involvement with various
evangelical institutions and missionary organizations. It is more
a sharing of my views to initiate discussion in churches and
seminaries. The present scenario of theological education inIndia is very much encouraging. The following reasons could
be stated :
(i) We have developed advanced level theological education
that many of our students can complete their doctoral degrees
within India. Scholars to guide researchers, library resources
and scholarship funds have been developed over the years to
provide quality education in our seminars and colleges.
(ii) Indian seminaries are drawing students from neighbour-ing countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar,
where theological education is not that much developed either
due to political or ecclesiastical reasons. Indian seminaries have
risen to extend their help to the churches and theological insti-
tutions in Asia. India will become an important centre of theo-
logical training in Asia in 2000 A.D.
(iii) Indian theological education gives importance to pietism,
ecumenism, evangelization, church planting and liberation.
Indigenization of Christianity was taken seriously soon after In-dependence and efforts were taken to create an indigenized form
of liturgy and worship, theology in philosophical terms, impart
theological education in regional languages, produce books and
course materials in vernacular, etc. Contextual theologies like
liberation, dalit, tribal, feminist and eco are developing.
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Christian Ministry
Conclusion
Christian ministry is an on-going service. Christians cannot
be satisfied with what has been done so far within the church
and society. Churches should move on to make the ministries
more relevant to the changing situation today and to-morrow. Ihave highlighted the theological, ecclesiological, contextual, vo-
cational, relational and educational aspects of Christian minis-
try and a few models of ministry and training in the above chap-
ters. Instead of repeating what has been written in the previous
chapters, I like to re-emphasize some of the challenges for Chris-
tian ministry in these concluding pages. They can set new di-
rections for ministry in the future.
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330 331
Christian ministry, as defined earlier, is done by the wholechurch. It is a priesthood of all believers. It is a service to hu-
manity and natural world. The effectiveness of Christian minis-
try depends upon the Christian understanding of the nature,
identity and the role of the Church. Many Christians think of
the Church as a building for worship and prayer. The Church,
according to them, is an institution for gathering, conducting
marriages, baptizing the children, burying the dead and run-
ning schools, orphanages and hospitals. Their understanding is
limited to the idea of institution and rituals. Howard Synder, inhis book, Liberating the Church: The Ecology of Church and
Kingdom, identifies ten areas in the life and ministry of the
church which require renewal in understanding and action and
discusses the need for liberating the Church from the idea of
institution and rituals. His discussion on the liberating models
of the Church is biblical and applicable to the context of various
countries. Another essay entitled, Images of the Church in In-
dia: Assessment and Perspective written by Christopher
Duraisingh presents the various understandings of the Churchin India, namely, the images related to the nature and inner life
of the Church, images related to the mission and ministries of
the Church and the images related to the structure of the
Church. (Christian Perspectives on Contemporary Indian Issues:
A National Colloquium, ed. Ram Singh, 1983:134-162). He brings
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Christian Ministry
Bibliography
BOOKS
Alangaram, A.Christ of the Asian Peoples: Towards an Asian
Contextual Christology,ATC, Bangalore, 2001.
Allen, Roland. Missionary Methods: St. Pauls or Ours,Eerdmans,
Grand Rapids, 1977.
Andersen, F.I. Job,TOTC, IVP, Leicester, 1976.
Anderson, Ray .S. The Shape of Practical Theology: Empower-
ing Ministry with Theological Praxis,IVP, Illionis, 2001.
Anderson, Roberts. Daniel: Signs and Wonders,ITC, Eerdmans,
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334 335
1984.Atkinson D.J. and Field, D.H. (eds.) New Dictionary of Christian
Ethics and Pastoral Theology,IVP, Illionis, 1995.
Barnett, Paul. The Message of 2 Corinthians,IVP, Leicester,
1988.
Bennett, David. Metaphors of Ministry: Biblical Images for Lead-
ers and Followers,Baker, Grand Rapids,1993.
Bright, John. The Kingdom of God: The Biblical Concept and Its
Meaning for the Church, Abingdon, Nahville, 1983.
Bruce, F. F.1 and 2 Corinthians, NCB, Oliphants, London, 1971.
Brueggemann, W. The Prophetic Imagination, Fortress, Phila-
delphia, 1987.
Boff, Clodovis and Pixley, G.V. The Bible: The Church and the
Poor, Orbis, NY, 1989.
Boff, L and Boff, C. Introducing Liberation Theology, Orbis, NY,
1999.
Bosch, David J. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in The-
ology of Mission,Orbis, New York, 2000.
Botterweek, G.J., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (eds.) Theologi-
cal Dictionary of the Old Testament, Eerdmans, GR, 1992.
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Administration 100-112, 237, 242,247, 255-256.
Alms 183, 186, 191.
Ashram 183Baal 93-95, 115, 123, 253.
Body of Christ 28-30, 41, 52, 212,224, 332.
Call 25, 47, 91, 221-224, 246-247,329.
Case Studies 275-276, 333.
Cassock 87, 228-229.
Caste 57-60, 68-69, 126-129, 143,
179 227
INDEX
Education 24, 78, 232, 245-261,263-274, 275-276, 285, 296-299,303, 312, 313, 318
Elders 34, 100-107, 109, 174, 202-
203, 205-206
Evangelism 99, 150, 155-170,173-175, 239, 246, 322
Fair-balance 188-191
Faith 31, 53, 54, 89, 173, 175, 197,206
Gender 60-63, 164, 206, 226
Gifts (Talents) 22, 230-233, 325
History 44 46 85 125 141 145
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344 345
179, 227
Charity 183-191
Chronicler 141-145
Church 24, 50-52, 65-68, 98, 120-121, 133, 142, 163-167, 200-207,
213-221, 231, 238, 297-298, 310,331-333.
Communication (skill) 257-258
Context 5152, 55-79, 249, 267-274, 278, 279.
Counselling 192-197
Conversion 68, 70, 71, 100, 167-170, 178-180, 205, 282, 309, 312.
Creation 31, 49-50, 70, 76, 78, 119,
173, 233
Cross 27, 40, 131, 152, 172, 248
Curriculum 79, 267-270, 288, 302,
313
Debts 116, 184, 298, 299-302
Diakonia 27, 36-37, 177, 187, 332
Discipleship 26-28, 32, 152-153,160, 266
Ecumenism 156, 332
History 44-46, 85, 125, 141-145,171, 216, 254
Holy Spirit 43, 48-49, 155, 159,161, 165, 170, 172, 174, 216, 221,
225, 230
Judges 32, 101-106, 109, 113, 237
Justice 60, 100-107, 115-118,145, 192
Kingdom of God 32, 53, 77, 132,
144, 148-149, 153, 157-160, 164-165, 175, 177, 196, 201, 213-221,
248, 314
Koinonia 177, 187
Laity 224, 233, 274, 308, 310-314,317, 318
Land 64, 104, 112, 115, 124-125,140, 184, 273
Leadership 98, 101, 108, 174, 245-
261, 273Liberation 45-48, 70, 88-100, 150-
153, 201, 280, 283-284
Life-style 202, 260, 271, 284, 333
Living stone 210-213
Magistrate 106-108
Christian Ministry
Marduk 195-196, 220
Marriage 62, 123-129
Marxism 74-77, 93, 97-98, 133-
134, 149, 182
Messiah 132, 147-149, 159, 171,
172-173, 176, 215, 217
Metaphors 27, 28, 30, 224
Ministry 21-31, 55, 331
Missionary 156, 163, 170-183,188, 313
Models 38, 81-82, 206, 267, 285
Ordination 225-230
Partnership 26-27, 46, 126-128,190, 235-243
Pastor 140, 197-207, 216-217, 255
Patriarchy 60-61
Political 55-57 81-82 114-117
Service 33, 35, 36, 46-47, 70-72
Sharing 193, 206
Shepherd 32. 35, 101, 193-194,
197-207, 250, 265
Sin 145-146, 153, 163, 166-167,
179, 196
Slave 27, 37, 91, 98, 164, 175, 183,205, 254
Social Action 134-136, 180-183,240, 259-260
Social Work 70, 108, 164, 181,183,290-292, 299
Son of Man 146-155, 202, 250
Structures 63, 75-77, 121, 163,
186-187, 235-243
Suffering 40-41, 90-92, 99, 120-122, 154-155, 177-178, 193, 195,
197 204 207 215
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346
Political 55 57, 81 82, 114 117,129-136, 199-201
Power 72-73, 103, 110-112, 119,132-135, 238, 256
Prayer 92, 130-133, 139, 147, 150,197, 206, 258-260
Priest 32, 82-87, 104, 200, 209-
233, 236-238, 254
Prophet 32, 34, 35, 112-122, 185,
194, 220, 242, 253Reform 122-129, 241, 242
Sacrifices 83, 86-87, 124, 173, 251
Satyagraha 131
Scripture 23, 24, 26, 43, 53-54, 77-78, 142, 242, 251-252
Servanthood 19, 35, 38-41, 47,203, 323
197, 204, 207, 215Tax 71, 110-112
Terms (for ministries) 32-37
Training 18, 78-79, 230-233, 245-261, 263-274, 275-330
Tribe 60, 83, 128, 143
Trinity 43-50
Varna 57-59, 180, 221, 324, 328
Vision 73, 92-93, 118, 249-251,258, 331
Vocation 24-25, 71, 319-329
Wisdom 136-141, 194, 232
Women 60-63, 138-140, 143, 185,226-227, 253, 314-318.
Worship 30-31, 36, 95, 118,174,
204, 232, 269, 315, 321-322, 326-329