Chpt7 humanecology
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Transcript of Chpt7 humanecology
![Page 1: Chpt7 humanecology](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030318/5a6e1e937f8b9a505f8b5215/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
We will review how humans are
hurting & helping the
environment
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living things ( ) nonliving things
( )
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The . Ex: rocks, temperature, sunlight, water, air wind etc.
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The Earth’s ex: frogs, trees, birds, fish, the
decomposers, !
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Limited resources:
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such as oil, coal, iron ore, aluminum, food and soil…..
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of resources:
.
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in a reasonable amount of time.
.
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Sunlight is renewable because the sun shines everyday.
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Animals are renewable because they make babies
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Plants are renewable because we can plant seeds.
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Water is renewable because of the water cycle.
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in a reasonable amount of time. ex: fossil fuels and minerals.
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Fossil fuels ( coal, petroleum, oil & natural gas) took millions of years to form from ancient plants & animals. They CANNOT be recreated once they
are used up!!!!!
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Minerals (iron ore, aluminum, silver etc) were made billions of years ago in stars that went supernova! when they are depleted (used up), they cannot be renewed.
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Preserving natural resources: , and
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:
• Turn off lights you DON’T need.
• Walk or bike ride instead of driving.
• Use renewable (alternative) energy like solar power, wind-power or water power.
• Carpool
• Take public transportation
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Turn off lights when you don’t need them.
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Use wind power
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Use solar energy or water power
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Find alternate means of transportation…
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walk
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or ride a bike
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Take public transportation.
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Carpool!
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carpool
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Humans think that we are apart from nature, because we have
technology.
But humans rely on the natural processes of nature to keep us alive.
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a natural process called photosynthesis makes our oxygen (and food).
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Weathering and erosion created the soil we use to grow our crops.
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The water cycle provides our drinking water.
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The nuclear fusion in the sun creates the sunlight that heats and powers our
ecosystem.
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Now answer 1- 15
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What are the following pictures saying?
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The human population has grown tremendously in the last few centuries.
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Technology is the cause of human population growth.
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better food, medical care, better sanitation have helped humans to live longer and have more children that survive
to adulthood.
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The increase in human population has hurt the environment and endangered other
species.
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This graph shows organisms at equilibrium around the environment’s
carrying capacity….
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Humans live beyond Earth’s carrying capacity!
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When the human population increases: they cut down forests, destroy grasslands and wild areas to build apartment houses, schools, shopping malls, make more farms,
build factories etc…
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As the human population increase, pollution, habitat-destruction and
mass extinctions increase!
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Now answer 16- 24.
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Human activities can be harmful for the environment:
Deforestation, over harvesting, introduction of imported (invasive) species, pesticides use, fertilizer use, air pollution, water pollution, industrial wastes,
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1. deforestation: destroying forests by cutting down many many trees.
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Deforestation destroys animal’s habitats, increase carbon dioxide in air, destroys rare species and new medicinal plants..
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Solutions to deforestation:
• Cut down less trees.
• plant more trees to replace cut ones.
• Pass laws to prevent over harvesting of trees.
• Created protected forest areas where NO ONE can cut.
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2.Over harvesting (Over hunting, over fishing): exploiting an organism too
much.
Ex: elephants killed for
tusks and left to rot!
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Over harvesting (Over hunting, over fishing) can lead to endangered or
extinct species.
Ex: elephants killed for
tusks and left to rot!
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Solutions to Over harvesting (Over hunting, over fishing):
• Pass laws to protect animals.
• Do not hunt too many animals.
• Create protected areas for animals.
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3. Imported species (invasive species): taking animals from their natural home and
putting them in a new environment without any natural predators.
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Examples of Imported species: rabbits & the Cane toads in Australia.
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24 European rabbits were brought on purpose to Australia, they had no natural enemies. They bred and bred and bred until there were
thousands (millions?) they almost destroyed Australia’s ecosystem.
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cane toads were brought on purpose to Australia, they had no natural enemies. They bred and bred and bred until there were thousands
(millions?) they almost destroyed Australia’s ecosystem.
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sometimes imported species are brought by accident: the zebra mussel, gypsy moth, Japanese beetle, the fire ants.
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sometimes imported species are brought by accident: the zebra mussel, gypsy moth, Japanese beetle, the fire ants.
All are threats in their new environments!
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Solution to imported (invasive ) species:
• Don’t remove animals or plants from their natural habitats.
• Pass laws against importing species.
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Now answer 25- 47.
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Pests threaten our food, our crops, our health and are just “yucky”…
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Pesticides have helped us get rid of weeds.
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Pesticides (bug spray) has helped humans to fight against pests…..
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But pesticides don’t only kill the pests, they are harmful to other organisms too!
If it can kill the bugs, it can kill
anything!Including me!
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the pesticides are poisons get into the ecosystem, poisoning “innocent” life
forms, even humans. !If it can kill the bugs, it can kill
anything!Including me!
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“innocent” organisms face extinction because of pesticide spraying; also some pests have evolve
immunity against the pesticides!If it can kill the bugs, it can kill
anything!Including me!
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Now answer 48- 55
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Technology: has improved the
quality of life for humans…
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Humans need electricity to run our machines…. But there are tradeoffs
(consequences)
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Producing electricity (a good thing) is mostly made in “bad ways”: burning fossil
fuels & nuclear energy.
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The Fossil fuels are coal, oil, gasoline and natural gas…
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Burning fossils fuel releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and other “greenhouse
gases”.
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Nuclear energy does NOT pollute the air, but the radioactive wastes remains deadly for tens of thousands of years!
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Solutions: make electricity using alternative sources:
• Solar energy
• Wind power
• Hydroelectric (water) power.
• Conserve electricity (turn off lights/appliances when you DON’T need then)
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industrialization has improved the quality of life for humans…
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Factories produce clothes, TV’s, DVD’s, computers, furniture…
But there are trade-off (negative consequences)….
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Factories produce air pollution, water pollution, solid waste.
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Air pollution: poisonous gases released into the air from factories or from
cars.
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Air pollution is bad because it: causes global warming, ozone layer- depletion
& acid rain!
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global warming: carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases are raising average
global temperatures; leading to severe unpredictable weather, the ice caps
melting, rising sea levels and flooding.
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CO2 levels have risen tremendously in modern times. This is associated with
global warming!
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Before After?
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The ozone layer protects us from UV radiation.
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CFC gases from spray cans deplete (destroy) the ozone layer. levels of skin cancer may rise without ozone
layer protection!
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acid rain: car exhaust, factory smoke, forest fire smoke add chemicals to the air. The
chemicals mix in the clouds and fall as acid rain.
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Acid rain is bad because it destroys plants, kills fish when it gets in water and damages statues and buildings
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Solutions to air pollution.
• Don’t pollution the air.
• Make air pollution laws.
• Don’t use spray cans that have CFC’s in them.
• Recycle.
• Plant trees to take CO2 from the air.
• Build less factories.
• Electric cars that don’t pollute.
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Water pollution: some factories produce wastes, which are dumped into the lakes,
rivers and oceans.
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Solutions to water pollution:
• Don’t pollute the water.
• Recycle.
• Build less factories.
• Treat sewage.
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Fertilizers help our plants to grow.
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Sometimes fertilizers wash into our rivers, lakes and oceans when it rains… the fertilizers kill fish or cause toxic algal
blooms that also kill fish.
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Solutions:
• Avoid over use of fertilizers.
• Be careful not to let fertilizers wash into lakes, rivers or oceans.
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Now complete 88- 117.
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