CHP300

Content Definition of Immunization Immunization Schedule Success of Immunization

• Assessment of Success • Factors Influencing Success

The Cold Chain

Non specific

specific

skinmucous membranes

reflexes

genetic

sp. variation

race

anomalies

acquired

natural

passive ( transplacental )

active ( disease )

artificialactive

toxoidlive vacckilled vacc

passive homologous Abs

heterologous Abs

Resistance

Definition of Immunization

Artificially acquired specific resistance

Vaccine:

A suspension of attenuated live or killed

microorganisms or antigenic portion of

these agent presented to a potential host

to induce immunity and prevent disease.

Definitions

Toxoid:

A modified bacterial toxin that has

been made nontoxic but remains the

capacity to stimulate the formation of

antitoxin

Definitions

Antitoxin :

An antibody derived from the serum of

animals from stimulation with specific

antigen used to provide passive immunity

Definitions

Definitions

Immunoglobulin:

An antibody-containing solution derived from

human blood and used primary for

maintenance of immunity of immunodeficient

person or for passive immunization.

• Attenuated strain of M.bovis. • Site: intradermal. Safe in immunocompetent patient. 50 – 80%Protection against disseminated

tuberculosis and tuberculus meningitis 50% protection against pulmonary

tuberculosis in children and adults

BCG vaccine

IPV: trivalent inactivated poliovirus type

1,2 and 3

OPV : trivalent live attenuated poliovirus

type 1,2 and 3

Protection against Poliomyelitis

Poliov accine

• Vaccine administration• IPV = SC• OPV = PO

DPT = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to

a whole-cell pertussis.

DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined

to a cellular pertussis vaccine

DT = for children <7yrs with contraindication to

pertussis Td = tetanus toxoid with1/3 -1/6 the dose of

diphtheria toxoid for individuals >7yrs• Site = IM

DTP

• Consist of a capsular polysaccharide

antigen conjugated to a carrier (doesn’t

protect against the disease)

• Protection against bacteremia, pneumonia,

and acute bacterial meningitis.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine

• Routine use of these vaccine has lead to

a 95% decline in invasive Hib disease in

infancy and young children.

• Vaccine administration :IM

• Indications:• Routine• All infant of HBsAg positive mother• All children and adolescents not immunized• High risk group: o Health workers.o Haemodialysis, bleeding disorders.o Travellers to endemic areas.

Hepatitis B vaccine

Introduction of pentavalent vaccine

• DPT• Hepatitis B• Hib

• Live attenuated viruses. measles and mumps

grown in chick embryo cell while rubella in

human diploid cells.

• Monovalent measles vaccine, rubella vaccine

and measles/rubella MR formulations are

available. Vaccine administration: SC

MMR

The varicella vaccine is  a 

live (attenuated) virus administered to

protect against  chickenpox 

Given subcutaneously (under the skin).

Two doses are always recommended

Varicella Vaccine 

Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135 and

Y)

MCV4 is administered intramuscularly.

MCV4

Rota VV Live attenuated

Given orally in 2 doses

Immunization Schedule

KSA ( most resent)

Birth

2 mo

4 mo

6 mo

9 mo

12 mo

18 mo

24 mo Schoolentry

BCG

DTaP1

DTaP2

DTaP3

Measles1(mono)

M2MR1

DTaPB1

HepAV2

DTaPB2

HepBV1

HibV1

HibV2

HibV3

OPV4

HibVB

OPVB2

IPV1

IPV2

IPV/OPV3

OPVB1

M4MR3 Varicella2

HepBV2

HepBV3

HepBV4

HepAV1

PCV1

PCV2

PCV3

PCVB

/Td

Rota

Rota

MCV4

MCV4

Varicella1 M3MR2

vaccineinformation.org

- Coverage- Seroconversion

Success of Immunization

Assessment of Success

- Parents

- Staff

- Vaccine

Factors Influencing Success

KAPAvailability

CommitmentSkill

EfficacyStability

Success of Immunization

( H.E. )( √ )

( Selection )( Training )

( Choice )( Cold Chain )

It is a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is

a system of storage , transport and distribution

of vaccines at a low temperature from

manufacturer to the actual vaccination site.

range

Cold chain

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ManufacturerGround

TransportAirport Airplane

Airport

Terminal

Intermediate

Stops&Transfers

Distributor’sWarehouse

ConsumerOutlet

Consumer

Pharma / Biotech Cold Chain

Destination

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