CHP Solutions to Climate Change

CHP Solutions to Climate ChangeChange

David SchnaarsManager, Environmental Strategies

California Energy CommissionCHP WorkshopJuly 23, 2009

DATE RECD.

DOCKET09-IEP-1H

July 23 2009

July 27 2009

Solar Turbines IncorporatedSolar Turbines Incorporated

• Based in San Diego, CA

• In Business since 1927

• More than 12,500 Gas Turbines Operatingin 120 Countries

• More than 1.3 Billion Fleet Operating Hours

World’s Largest Manufacturer of Industrial• World’s Largest Manufacturer of IndustrialGas Turbines (1 to 15 MW Range)

S b idi f C t ill I i 1981• Subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. since 1981San Diego, California

AB 32 GHG Emissions Reductions

450500

ar)

17% below 2005 levels

350400450

CO2e

/yea

%

83% below 2005 levels

250300

ns (M

TC

100150200

Emis

sio 25-40% below 1990 levels

050

100

GHG

E

80-95% below 1990 levels01990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Historical Data from ARB California GHG Emissions Inventory

Climate Change Mitigation

There Are Only 4 Ways to Reduce G h GGreenhouse Gases:

• Switch to a Less Carbon-Intensive Fuel• Switch to a Less Carbon-Intensive Fuel

• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency• Increase Energy Efficiency

• Sequester Atmospheric CO2• Sequester Atmospheric CO2

• Reduce Non-CO2 Gas Emissions• Reduce Non-CO2 Gas Emissions

The Stabilization Triangle

E i CO t tBillions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year

16~850 ppm

Easier CO2 target

Interim GoalStabilization

TriangleHistoricalemissions Flat path

8

1.6

01950 2000 2050 2100

This slide based on Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the next 50 Years with Current Technologies,” S. Pacala and R. Socolow, Science, August 13, 2004.

Wind Electricity

Wind Electricity

Install 1 million 2 MW windmills to replace coal-based electricity,

OR

U 2 illi i d illUse 2 million windmills to produce hydrogen fuel

Photo courtesy of DOE

A wedge worth of wind electricity will require increasing current capacity by a factor of 30increasing current capacity by a factor of 30


Solar Electricity

Solar Electricity

Install 5,000,000 acres for dedicated

Photos courtesy of DOE Photovoltaics Program

use by 2055

A wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 700 timesA wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 700 times


Nuclear Electricity

Nuclear Electricity

Triple the world’s nuclear electricitynuclear electricity capacity by 2055

Graphic courtesy of NRC

The rate of installation required for a wedge from electricity is equal to the global rate of nuclear expansion from 1975-1990.q g p


Carbon Capture & Storage

Carbon Capture & Storage

Implement CCS at

• 800 GW coal electric plants or

• 1600 GW natural gas1600 GW natural gas electric plants or

• 180 coal synfuels plants orplants or

• 10 times today’s capacity of hydrogen plantsplants

Graphic courtesy of Alberta Geological Survey

There are currently three storage projects that each inject 1 y g p j jmillion tons of CO2 per year – by 2055 need 3500.


Natural Gas & CHP

Distillate Oil = 161 “Coal = 208 lb CO2/MMBtu (HHV)

• NG Is the Least Carbon-Intensive Fossil Fuel:

• CHP Is Most Efficient Use of Natural GasNatural Gas = 117 “Distillate Oil = 161 “

CHP Is Most Efficient Use of Natural Gas

2000

2500

hr

1000

1500

CO

2/M

W-h

Large SimpleSmall Simple Combined Cycle CHPU S Average0

500

lb

Large SimpleCycle

Small SimpleCycle

Combined CyclePower Plant

CHP

Natural Gas-Fired Gas Turbines

U.S. AverageCoal

Mercury 50 Integrated Energy

SystemDell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasMuller Energy Center of Austin Energy, Austin, Texas

System

Energy Center Provides Power, Heating and Cooling to Hospital

First Hospital in the World to Obtain LEED Platinum Status

Hospital

4.6 MW Centaur 50California Dairies

Mercury 50Bank of America

• Provides All Heating, Cooling, Hot Water & Steam Needs of NYC’s 2nd

T ll B ildi

• Provides for 35% of the Building’s

Tallest Building

• Provides for 35% of the Building’s Electrical Load

• Building Uses 50% Less Energy than Conventional Skyscraper

• Expected to Achieve LEED Platinum RatingRating

2 x 5.7 MW Taurus 60’sTalisman Energy, Alberta, Canada

6.3 MW Taurus 65, Michelin TireHallstadt, Germany

Taurus 65 Performance

• Power: 6.3 MW

• Simple Cycle Thermal p yEfficiency: 32.9%

• CHP Thermal Efficiency: 84-92%

• NOx Emissions: <15 ppmv xwith SoLoNOx Combustion

Taurus 65 -Savings Over Grid

6 1 MW f C bi d C l P Pl t ith St f

8500

9000

22

6.1 MW from Combined Cycle Power Plant with Steam from Conventional Boiler Compared to Taurus 65 CHP Plant

CO2e Savings(T/Yr)

7500

8000

8500

20

22CHP Fuel Savings

(MMBtu/hr)

( )

6500

7000

16

18

(Ton

s/Yr

)

5500

6000

12

14CO

2e

4000

4500

5000

10

12

400025,000

7.350,00014.6

75,00021.9

100,00029.2

Steam Production (lb/hr)(MW)

C bi d H t & P

CO2 Emissions Reductions from CHP

CHP Plant

Combined Heat & Power:Taurus 65 Gas Turbine

Efficiency: 84%Combined Cycle Generation

CO2 Emissions CHP Plant

Efficiency: 45%

CHP Fuel (G )

Power Station Fuel(Gas)

CO2 Emissions19k Tonnes/yr

6.1MWe 117

(Gas)

Lb/MMBtu

(Gas)

117lb/MMBtu

Efficiency: 80%

9 2

Boiler Fuel (Gas)

HeatBoiler Heat9.2MWth

CO2 Emissions

18k Tonnes/yr

CO2 Emissions

32k Tonnes/yr

117Lb/MMBtu

…TOTAL ANNUAL CO2 EMISSIONS…40k Tonnes 32k Tonnes8,000 Tonnes Saved/Year

CHP As a Solution to Climate Change

• Today’s Technology

• Flexibility to Fit a Variety of Applications

• High Efficiency Equates to Low GHG Emissions

• Also Has a Low Criteria Pollutant (NOx, CO) Signature

CHP Solutions to Climate Change

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