8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

1/16

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

2/16

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

3/16

Water intended for human consumption shouldnot only be SAFE but also WHOLESOME.

A SAFE water /POTABLE water is one that cannot

harm the consumer ,even when ingested overprolonged period.

It can be defined as,

1.free from pathogenic agents

2.free from harmful chemical substances

3.pleasant to taste

4.usable for domestic purposes

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

4/16

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

5/16

1.RAIN2.SURFACE WATER

a.impounding reservoirsb.rivers and streamsc.tanks, ponds and lakes

3.GROUND WATER

a.shallow wellb.deep wellc.springs

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

6/16

1.Purificatoin of water on a largescale

a.storageb.filtration

c.CHLORINATION2.Purification of water on a small

scale

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

7/16

Chlorination is one of the greatestadvances in water purification.

chlorine kills pathogenic bacteria, butit has no effect on spores & certainviruses except in high doses.

It oxidises Fe, Mn & H2S, It destroys

some taste & odour producingconstituents ,it control algae & slimeorganisms,& aids coagulation.

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

8/16

CHLORINE+ WATERHydrochloricacid+Hypochlorous acid

The hydrochloric acid isneutralised by the alkalinity of thewater

The hypochlorous acid ionises toform hydrogen ions & hypochloriteions

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

9/16

The disinfecting action ofchlorine is mainly due to thehypochlorous acid.

it is 70-80 times more effective

than hypochlorite ions CHLORINE is applied as

1.chlorine gas

2.chloramine3.perchloron

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

10/16

CHLORINE GAS:

first choice because it is cheap,

quick in action, efficient & easy toapply.

special equipment

CHLORINATING EQUIPMENT isreq to apply gas to water supplies as itis irritant to the eye & poisonous.

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

11/16

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

12/16

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

13/16

CHLORAMINES:they are loose compounds of

chlorine & ammoniahave less tendency to producechlorinous type of taste

slower action than chlorine &

therefore not being used to any greatextent in water treatment

PERCHLORON:High Test Hypochlorite ca

compound carries 60-70 % of availablechlorine.

it is used for water disinfection

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

14/16

When chlorine dose in the water isincreased,a reduction in the residualchlorine occurs.The end products do

not represent any residual chlorine.This fall in residual chlorine continueswith further increase in chlorinedose,until after a stage residual

chlorine begin to increase inproportion.The point at which itappears is called BREAK POINTCHLORINATION / DOSAGE

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

15/16

Ozonation

Ultraviolet radiation

8/13/2019 Chlorination of Water

16/16