Chinmay Sridhar, Angel Weng, Benjamin ZhangAPUS, Buggé, Period 1

Chapter 7, Topic 2: Newburgh Conspiracy

Land Ordinance (1785)

Land Grants

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Who

Made by Congress

under Articles of

Confederation

Ideas proposed by

Thomas Jefferson in

1784

Where

North of

Ohio River

+ west of

PA

Land

acquired

from British

Why

Make profit from

land sales

Promote

expansion

Divide/organize

new lands

Set foundations

for new states

What

Organized territories

into 6 square mile

sections

Sub-divided into 640

acre plots

Each section assigned

different purpose (ex.

#59- Town

Courthouse; #67-

farmland; etc)

Expensive- one lot

was $640; Over a

million acres sold to

Ohio Company for

less than 10 cents an

acre

Who

Passed by Congress

under Articles of

Confederation

Where

Territories north of

Ohio River

Why

Establish governments for new

territories

Prepare territories for statehood

What

Gave each area a

Congressionally-appointed

governor, secretary, and 3

judges

Once population reached

60,000, territory could apply for

statehood

Guaranteed residents basic

rights, including property, trial

by jury, and freedom of religion

No slavery north of Ohio River

What this means?...

The Land Ordinance along with the Northwest Ordinance helped create states west of the

Mississippi River, out of the land the US acquired from the Revolution. The Land Ordinance

divided up the land and the Northwest Ordinance set up guidelines that the new territories would

have to meet before they could become states. One of the biggest issues that the Northwest

Ordinance addressed was slavery. It clearly prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory, but it

did not affect slaves already living in the territory or stop some slave holders from bringing

slaves over.

 

 

 

No Separation:  

-Congregationalists were against separation because separation would bring “social disorder and risked infidelity”.  

-Plymouth Massachusetts was one of the established colonial towns where people opposed the idea of separate church and state.

-Strictly Puritans.

-Roger Williams’ radical views opposing one national religion got him exiled from Plymouth, where the townspeople believed highly of the church and state bond.

Positive Effects of Separation:  

-A bill for establishing religious freedom in Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, was the theoretical foundation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.  

-The bill eliminated official and financial support for the Church of England so neither the church or the state had control over each other. It also officially established for the first time freedom of religion.  

-First Amendment states there will be no national religion, and no religious preference.  

Pro-Separation:  

-Government only publicly supported one religious group, and it wasn’t fair to minority religious groups.  

-Wanted a different religious set-up than forced religion like that of Church of England.  

-Issac Backus argued that alliances between church and state oppressed other religious groups.  

-Lower classes fought for religious freedom to benefit from increased sense of liberty after the Revolutionary War.  

-People everywhere realized the limitations an established religion would place on them.  

-People wanted to right the wrongs that were done to them by England so they wanted to make religion a fair opportunity  

-Because of the enlightenment and the great awakening, a diminished interest in established religions developed among the American people

Negative Results of Separation:  

-Although Congress was prohibited from creating laws pertaining to religious establishments, states were left to make the decision on their own which resulted in many states still giving taxes in support of Christian churches.  

APUS  RELIGIOUS  FREEDOM

Federalists Anti-Federalists

Popular

Advocates

George

Washington

Ben Franklin

James Madison

Alexander

Hamilton

George Mason

Patrick Henry

James Winthrop

John Hancock

Arguments Stronger central

government was

needed to keep

order and preserve

Union

Stronger central

government would

reverse work done in

revolution and limit

democracy

Government -STRONG CENTRAL

GOVERNMENT

-LITTLE FEDERAL

GOVERNMENT

-STRONG LOCAL

GOVERNMENT

Bill of Rights AGAINST

-Felt that citizens

would be limited

stated rights

specifically stated

in the bill

-Thought it better

to have implied

rights

FOR

-Felt it was

important to

specifically protect

citizen’s rights

-Anti-Federalist

states would not

ratify Constitution

until Bill of Rights

was added

Checks &

Balances

Felt that it kept

one branch from

becoming too

powerful

Felt that it served to

confuse the people

and would have little

power to prevent

rights infringement

Factions Factional conflict

ensures the

perpetuation of

human liberty

Factions will rob the

common people of

their voice and lead

to mob rule

Advantages Strong Leaders

Well Organized

Appealed to popular

hatred of Britain

Disadvantages Constitution was

new and untried

Poorly organized

Bill of Rights

added to

Constitution to

gain ratification

of Georgia and Massachusetts

Ratification Dates

1. - Delaware - December 7, 1787 2. Pennsylvania - December 12,

1787

3. New Jersey - December 18, 1787

4. Georgia - January 2, 1788 5. Connecticut - January 9, 1788 6. Massachusetts - February 6,

1788 7. Maryland - April 28, 1788

8. South Carolina - May 23, 1788 9. New Hampshire - June 21, 1788 10. Virginia - June 25, 1788 11. New York - July 26, 1788 12. North Carolina - November 21,

1789 13. Rhode Island - May 29, 1790

Urban Laborers,

Shopkeepers, Artisans

- support Federalists

because Federalists

promised to regulate

profitable overseas trade

RATIFICATION