BY: - CHINMAY PANDYA

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

AUTOMATION

SENSOR

PLC

INSTALLATION OF PLC

PROGRAMMING IN PLC

SCADA

APPLICATION OF PLC

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES AUTOMATION

INTRODUCTION• HISTORY: - INTRODUCED IN YEAR- 1968 By Richard Morley for General Motors. PURPOSE- To Remove the hard wiring control circuit in vehicles.

Programmable

Logic

Control

A PLC is a digital computer is used for automation of typically

industrial electro-mechanical processes. Such as control of

machinery on factory assembly line

AUTOMATION: -• Automation: - Automatic ControlAutomation is automatic control, is use of various control system for operating equipment such as machines.

• TOOLS OF AUTOMATION: -1. FIELD DEVICE CONTROL

2. HARDWARE

3. SOFTWARE

FIELD DEVICE CONTROL1. SENSOR

2. SWITCHES

3. MOTOR

4. RELAYS

SOFTWARE1. HMI2. MMI3. SCADA4. MATLAB

TOOLS OF AUTOMATION

HARDWARE: -1. MICRO-CONTROLLER

2. CNC

3. PLC

AUTOMATION IN MIXING PLANT WORKING OF MIXING PLANT• Plant will start or stop by two inputs.• Pump 1 will work for a pre defined time

period.• Same as above pump 2 will work for a

predefined time period after pump 1 stop working.

• Then the mixer blade will rotate for a time period which is feed to the program.

• The valve remain close during the process as above. And after the mixing operation it get opened and drain out the chemical of container.

• pump 3 is operates with valve and pump out the chemical

SENSOR

• Work of sensor in automation is to provide the inputs to PLC.

• This are one kind of transducer which use to convert the non-electrical quantity

to electrical quantity.

• In different kind of conditions we use particular sensor to sense the signal

Sensor’s in PLC• Pressure Sensor

• Temperature Sensor

• Light Sensor

• Humidity Sensor

• Water level Sensor

PRESSURE SENSOR• It is use to measure the pressure of a

liquid or gas in a closed container.• It is a kind of transducer which is use to

convert the pressure of liquid or gas in terms of electrical signal or digital signal. Temperature Sensor

• Use to measure the temperature of the surface of any material.

• Convert the heat signal into electrical signal.

• This is an transducer which is use to sense the high temperature.

LIGHT SENSOR• It is use to sense the intensity of light.• Normally it can be a kind of LDR or can

be photovoltaic cell.• Different kind of light sensors can be use

for various spectrum of light like ultraviolet, infrared, or visible.

Humidity Sensor• It is use to sense the presence of water droplets

in atmosphere.• Mainly uses in industries to keep the machines

and chemical processes unaffected by counting the humidity. If the humidity level cross the limit then required action will be taken by the teem of engineers.

WATER LEVEL SENSOR

• It is mainly use in chemical plant or in food industries.• It is use to sense the level (distance) of fluid.• This is distance sensor.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL

• A PLC is consist of mainly four parts.

1. INPUT

2. PROCESSOR & MEMORY

3. PROGRAMMING DEVICE INTERFACE

4. OUTPUT

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PLC

• PLC HARDWARE

RACK ARRANGEMENT IN PLC

PROGRAMMING IN PLC• Mainly we use ladder logic language to make programming more

easy.• We can also use Boolean language for programming.

Example of Ladder Language

• LOGIC GATE OPERATION BY LADDER

LOGIC

• TIMERS AND COUNTERS IN PROGRAMMING

Timers:-1. On-delay timer2. Off-delay timer

Counters:-1. Up-counter2. Down-counter

SCADA

SUPERVISORY

CONTROL

AND

DATA

ACQUISITION

A HUMAN CAN OBSERVE WHOLE PROCESS ON VISUAL GRAPHICS SCREEN & ABLE TO CONTROL IT

SUPERVISOR IS ABLE TO COLLECT THE DATA WHICH IS SHOWN ON THE

SCREEN

SYMBOLS USE IN SCADA

• ADVANTAGES OF SCADA

1. TIME SAVING

2. COLLECTION OF DATA IS EASY

3. EASY TO OBSERVE WHOLE PROCESS WHICH IS GOING ON.

4. IMPROVE THE FLEXIBILITY OF PROCESS.

APPLICATION OF PLC1. In production line of industrial unit.

2. Automatic doors.

3. Assembly line of automobile industry.

4. Powder coating and coloring of vehicles.

5. Home automation.

6. In Shopping Mall’s at billing counter.

7. Escalators in airport’s and shopping malls.

ADVANTAGES OF PLC

1. INCREASE CONSISTENCY.2. HIGH ACCURACY AND PRICISION.3. REDUCE MAN POWER.4. IMPROVE PRODUCTION RATE.5. REDUCE THE DANGER OF ACCIDENTAL SITUATION FOR

HUMAN.6. FAST OPERATION AND CONTROL.7. REDUCE COMPLEXITY.

DISADVANTAGE OF AUTOMATION

1. SECURITY THREATS

2. HIGH INITIAL COST

3. TECHNICAL LIMITATION

4. SKILLED PERSON REQUIRED FOR OPERATION.

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