42

432000

Timothy S. Collett

Rick Lewis

Takashi Uchida

21

cagework

200

1930 Kazakhstan

55

1. Sloan ED JrMarcel Dekker 1998

2. Bagirov E Lerche I Hydrartes Represent GasSource Drilling Hazard Oil & Gas Journal 95

48 1997 10 1 99-101 104

ClamartµƒGerard Daccord WoodsHole William Dillon Nagaoka

Yoshi Kawamura RidgefieldRobert Kleinberg

AIT DSIFMI PlatformExpress

44

>

150 180

1500500

325 1600 100500

BlakeCascade

3. Krajick K 1064 1997 3 26-31

4. Collett TS ProdhoeAAPG 77

5 1993 5 793-812

MacDonald IR Guinasso N Sassen R Brooks JMLee L Scott KT

22 81994 8 4539-4555

Suess E Torres ME Bohrmann G Collier RW GreinertJ Linke P Rehder G Trehu A Wallman K WinchlerG Zuleger E

170 1-2 1999 6 1-15

5. Collet TS Kuuskraa VA96 19 1998

5 11 90-95

6. Krajick 3

7. Kvenvolden K31 2 1993

5 173-187

8. Makogan YFTulsa PennWell Books

1997

452000

10,000

5000

1000

500

100

50

, m

1000

500

100

50

10

5

1

, atm

10

-10 0 10 20 30 40

°C

67

500

830

980

1400

10,0005000

= 1015

>

>

Kvenvolden 7

20,000700,000Tcf

99%2

2,5008800Tcf

100

46

> 1968 Messoyakha

Messoyakha

Messoyakha1 9 6 8

Messoyakha

20 8060

777Tcf 220 m

1/3 Messoyakha2.8Tcf 7900 m

1/3

Novaya Zemlya

K A R A

Yamal

Gydanski

Pur Taz

Norilsk

Ob

Messoyakha

0 500

0 300

472000

109 121 150 142 7

, m

700

750

800

850

, 10

6 m3 /

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

11970 1975 1980 1985

2

3

1

0

, MPa

> Messoyakha

>Messoyakha5

I IIIII IV V

1969

1971

Messoyakha36% 183Tcf

50 m

Prduhoe Kuparuk

9. Collet TS Ginsberg GDMessoyakha

8 1 1998 3 22-29

48

0 100

0 60

B E A U F O R TOliktok Point Milne Point

HarrisonGwydyr

2 NorthwestEileen

B E A U F O R T

Prudhoe300

300

200100

0

200

200

100

300

300400

300

400

500

100

200

400

500

400

700

800

900

600700

9001000

800

0 10

0 6

PrudhoeMessoyakha

Prudhoe Kuparuk

1972ARCO Exxon 2 Northwest Eileen

PrudhoeKuparuk

210 950690 3120ft

45550

Kuparuk Prudhoe6

30 1 100ft3-4 10-13ft

> Prudhoe

492000

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2 2000 130 50 100 0 0 300pptAPIµsec/ftohm-m

CH4

BSR

BSR

BSR 100 500330 1640ft

BSR

BSR

BSR

> ARCO Exxon 2 Northwest Eileen 21 4

>

10. Collet 4

Collet TSSPE 49298 SPE

1998 9 27-30

11. Collet T

1998 10 20-22 1-12

12. Yuan J Edwards RNBSR

27 16 20008 15 2397-2400

50

1 101 201 301 401 501 601

3000

3500

4000

300

, m 200

100

0

400

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

,

BSR

ODP

Blake2D

British Columibia Vancouver250

650HzBSR

ODP

BSR

AVO

La Habra Chevron

BlakeBSR

> Blake BSRBSR

Talor MH Dillon WP Pecdher IA Blake

2000 79-89 William P. Dillon

> British ColumbiaODP

MCS DTAGS

Gettrust 15

512000

Mallik 2L-38

Inuvik

Aklavik

Nor

thw

est

Yuko

n

B E A U F O R T

M A C K E N Z I E

0 50

0 30

GSCJNOC

JAPEX USGS

Machenzie1998

Mallik 2L-38Imperial Oil Ltd.

Malik2L-38

Mallik 2L-38640 2100ft

AIT DSIPlatform Express

1150 3770ft

Mallik 2L-38

13. http:// abacus.er.usgs.gov/hydrates/index.html

14. http://obs.er.usgs.gov/blakeRidge95.html

15. Getrust J Wood W Lindwall D Chapman R WaliaR Hannay D Spence G Louden K MacDonaldR Hyndman RD

EOS80 38 1999

9 21 439-440

16.

17. Ecker C Dvorkin J Nur AAVO

63 5 1998 9-10 1659-1669

18. Collett TS Lewis RE Dallimore SR Lee MW MrozTH Uchida T JAPEX/JNOC/GCS Mallik 2L-

38Dallimore

SR Uchida T Collett TS(eds)Machenzie JAPEX/JNOC/GCS

Mallik 2L-38

544 1999 295-311

>

52

, m

900

901

899

898

897

896

RXOI phi

m3/m3

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phi

phi

N

m3/m3

m3/m3

API

API

cm

ohm-m

ohm-m

ohm-m

897.5109.5 2945 3640ft

200 656ft

10ohm-m 100ohm-m

Vp 2.5 3.6km/secVs 1.1 2.0

km/secVp/Vs

20% 40%

>Mallik 2L-38 2 480%

532000

, m

890

885

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mV

API

API

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m m

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Hg

He

g/cm

g/cm

g/cm

g/cm

g/cm

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g/cm

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He

U matrix

U

90%

1km

3-4 10 mMallik

JAPEXNankai

BSR

>Mallik 2L-38 2 34 5

19. Collet TS39 SPWLA

1998 5 26-29MM

54

0 500

0 300

Hokkaido

Honshu

Kyushu

Shikoku

N a n k a i

1999 2000945 3100ft

1600 3100ft3300 10,830ft

LWDLWD LWD LWD

NMR

80%

1996 MontereyBay Aquarium MBARI

34

>

20. Uchida T Hailong L Tomaru H Dallimore SMatsumoto R Oda H Delwiche M Okada S

Tokai Nankai

EOS81 22 2000 5 30 WP59

21. Kazuhiko T Uchida Akihisa K TokaiMITI Nankai

EOS81 22 2000 5 30 WP60

22. Sloan 1

23. Brewer PG Orr FM Jr Friedrich G Kvenvolden KAOrange DL McFarlane J Kirkwood W

25 5 1997 5 407-410

24.

http://www.mbari.org/-brpe/gas_hydrates.html

552000

BOP

BOP

1000305

1. Brandt W Dang AS Magne E Crowley D HoustonK Rennie A Hodder M Stringer R Juninti R OharaS Rushton S

10 1 1998 2-21

2. Barker JW Gomez RDSPE 16130 SPE/

IADC

1987 3 15-18

3. Tohidi B Danesh A Burgass RW Todd AC

SPE 35568 SPEStavanger 1996

7 16-17

4. Christie AKishino A Cromb J Hensley R Kent E McNeachC Stewart H, Vidal A Koot L

11 4 1999/20002-19

5. Bagirov and Lerche 2

56

Messoyakha

>

25. Haq BU

GSA 8 11 1998 11 1-6

Hovland M Lysne D

3 1998 263-271

26. Collett 11

27. Okuda Y49 10 1998 494-

500

28. Kvenvolden KA96 1999 3

3420-3426

29. Licking E1998 12 4 79-80

30. Kvenvolden 7

31. Haq 25

32. Gudmundsson JS Andersson V Levik OIHydrates Concept for Capturing Associated Gas

SPE 50598 SPE1998 10 20-22

33. Gudmundsson JS Andersson V Levik OI

OMC 97 21997 3 19-21 1075-1083

572000

5

BSR

40

CO 20

120390ft

20 66ft

NTNU

NTNU

-15 5 F -15 5 F

•

• LNG

•

•

•

•

LS

>

Kvenvolden KA96

1999 3 3420-3426