CHINA

Communism Spreads East ChinaChina

Devastated by warDevastated by war Peasants like Peasants like

communismcommunism Mao ZedongMao Zedong Hiding out in Hiding out in

North, civil war was North, civil war was being fought when being fought when Japanese attackedJapanese attacked

Nationalists pro-democracyNationalists pro-democracy Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek Strongholds in SouthStrongholds in South Mismanagement of U.S. $Mismanagement of U.S. $

Communists win city by cityCommunists win city by city 1949 China falls to Mao1949 China falls to Mao Chiang flees to FormosaChiang flees to Formosa

Civil War

A. By 1945, China had two governmentsA. By 1945, China had two governments The Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-The Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-

shek, based in southern and central Chinashek, based in southern and central China The Communist government led by Mao The Communist government led by Mao

Zedong, based in North China.Zedong, based in North China.

Civil War

B. In 1945, war between the Nationalists and the B. In 1945, war between the Nationalists and the Communists broke out. Communists broke out.

Millions of peasants joined Mao’s People’s Millions of peasants joined Mao’s People’s Liberation Army because they were promised land.Liberation Army because they were promised land.

Mao’s Communist army defeated the Nationalist Mao’s Communist army defeated the Nationalist army. army.

Chiang and his followers fled to Taiwan. Chiang and his followers fled to Taiwan. The Communist Party now ruled China.The Communist Party now ruled China.

C. In 1955, the Chinese government C. In 1955, the Chinese government started a program to build a socialist started a program to build a socialist society. society.

Most private farmland was Most private farmland was collectivized, and most industry and collectivized, and most industry and commerce was nationalized.commerce was nationalized.

Great Leap Forward Program

D. In 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap D. In 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap Forward. Forward.

Combined collective farms into large Combined collective farms into large communes. communes.

Program failed miserably, and millions of Program failed miserably, and millions of Chinese died of starvation. Chinese died of starvation.

The program was abandoned in 1960.The program was abandoned in 1960.

Cultural Revolution

E. E. Mao believed that only permanent Mao believed that only permanent revolution, an atmosphere of constant revolution, an atmosphere of constant revolutionary fever, could produce the final revolutionary fever, could produce the final stage of communism, a classless society.stage of communism, a classless society.

In 1960, Mao started the Great Proletarian In 1960, Mao started the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to create a working Cultural Revolution to create a working class culture.class culture.

Cultural Revolution

The The Little Red BookLittle Red Book, a collection of Mao’s , a collection of Mao’s thoughts, provided knowledge in all areas. thoughts, provided knowledge in all areas.

The Red Guards were formed to eliminate The Red Guards were formed to eliminate the “Four Olds”the “Four Olds” Old ideasOld ideas Old cultureOld culture Old customsOld customs Old habitsOld habits

Cultural Revolution

F. People who did not follow Mao’s program F. People who did not follow Mao’s program were viciously attacked.were viciously attacked.

Intellectuals and artists, accused of being Intellectuals and artists, accused of being pro-Western, were especially targeted.pro-Western, were especially targeted.

G. Key groups of Chinese, disgusted by the G. Key groups of Chinese, disgusted by the actions of the Red Guard, began to turn actions of the Red Guard, began to turn against the Cultural Revolution.against the Cultural Revolution.

Deng Xiaoping

A. After Mao Zedong’s death in 1976, A. After Mao Zedong’s death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping and his practical-Deng Xiaoping and his practical-minded reform group gained control of minded reform group gained control of China. China.

They ended the Cultural Revolution.They ended the Cultural Revolution.

Deng Xiaoping

B. Deng Xiaoping’s government followed a B. Deng Xiaoping’s government followed a policy called the Four Modernizationspolicy called the Four Modernizations IndustryIndustry AgricultureAgriculture TechnologyTechnology National defense. National defense.

Overall, modernization worked with per Overall, modernization worked with per capita income and the standard of living of capita income and the standard of living of most Chinese increased.most Chinese increased.

Call for DemocracyC. In the late 1980s, as many Chinese began to C. In the late 1980s, as many Chinese began to

study abroad, information about Western society study abroad, information about Western society reached educated people in China. reached educated people in China.

They called for democracy.They called for democracy.

D. In 1989, student protesters called for an end to D. In 1989, student protesters called for an end to corruption and demanded the resignation of corruption and demanded the resignation of Communist Party leaders. Communist Party leaders.

Demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing Demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing were crushed by Chinese tanks and troops.were crushed by Chinese tanks and troops.

Strained Relations with West

E. The1990sE. The1990s Human rights violations, Human rights violations, Desire to unify with TaiwanDesire to unify with Taiwan Increasing military powerIncreasing military power

Family Traditions

A. Under the Communist Party rule, women A. Under the Communist Party rule, women were allowed to take part in politics and were allowed to take part in politics and were given equal rights with men. were given equal rights with men.

The Communist regime tried to destroy the The Communist regime tried to destroy the influence of the traditional family system.influence of the traditional family system.

B. After the death of Mao Zedong, China B. After the death of Mao Zedong, China experienced a return to family traditions.experienced a return to family traditions.

China Today

C. Today, many young Chinese have adopted C. Today, many young Chinese have adopted Western styles.Western styles.

D. In 1979, China implemented a one-child D. In 1979, China implemented a one-child policy to control population growth. policy to control population growth.

In 2000, China’s population stood at more In 2000, China’s population stood at more than 1.29 billion. than 1.29 billion.

The policy has been more successful in The policy has been more successful in urban areas than in rural ones.urban areas than in rural ones.

China and the Superpowers

E. In the late 1950s and 1960s, relations between E. In the late 1950s and 1960s, relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated.China and the Soviet Union deteriorated.

In 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first In 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first United States president to visit the People’s United States president to visit the People’s Republic of China. Republic of China.

In 1979, China and the United States established In 1979, China and the United States established diplomatic ties.diplomatic ties.

Chinese relations with the Soviet Union improved Chinese relations with the Soviet Union improved in the 1980s.in the 1980s.

China Today

F. By the 1990s, China was playing an F. By the 1990s, China was playing an increasingly active role in Asian increasingly active role in Asian affairs. affairs.

By 2002, trade relations with the By 2002, trade relations with the United States were normalized, and United States were normalized, and China joined the World Trade China joined the World Trade Organization.Organization.