China
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Transcript of China
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In the 1700s, China enjoyed a
favorable balance of
trade.
China
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The Power of Opium
• By 1779, the British East India Company was importing opium into China
• Within a generation, opium addiction in China became widespread
Mandarin with Opium Pipe
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The East India Company’s opium factory stacking room
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China and Britain Clash over Opium
Chinese unloading opium from a British ship
In 1839, a Chinese official demanded that the opium trade in Guangzhou (Canton) stop. The British refused, and war ensued.
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The British navy attacks
The Opium War: 1839–1842
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The Treaty of Nanjing
Britain gained • Control of Hong
Kong• The right to trade
in five major cities
• Extraterritoriality• The legalization
of opium in China
The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing aboard the British ship Cornwallis
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Treaty Ports
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U.S. Secretary of State John Hay
• Turmoil in China• “Spheres of
influence”• “Open Door” policy
formulated by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay
• No nations formally accepted Hay’s proposal, but they didn’t counter the Open Door policy’s provisions either
The Open Door Policy
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Catholic cathedral in Shanghai
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American, Japanese, and British troops storming Beijing
The Boxer Rebellion, 1899
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Signing of the Boxer Protocol
• China was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol• Required to pay
damages to Europeans
• Forced to allow foreign soldiers to live in Beijing
The Boxer Protocol
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Nationalism increased in
China as groups fought to not
only rid China of foreigners, but
to end centuries of imperial rule.
Chinese Nationalism