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Aspects of chilli breeding

Mutturaj M DJr.M.ScGPB

Botanical name: Capsicum annum

Family : Solanaceae

Chromosome no 2n = 24

Origin: Peru.

Chilli

Importance of chilli• Green chillies are rich in proteins 2.9 g per 100

g. Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu and S.• Vitamins like Thiamine, Riboflavin and Vitamin

C.• Chillies are the major ingredients in curry

powder.• Green chillies are rich in Rutin which has

pharmaceutical use.• Pungency of chillies is due to capsaicin.• The pigment(colour) in chillies is due to

capsanthin also contains many other oleoresins.

Floral biology of chilli.

Year Area(Lakh ha)

Production(Lakh tons)

2010-11 8.8 10.62011-12 8.5 8.82012-13 9.9 11.02013-14 9.5 10.02014-15 9.5 10-10.5

   

Area and production of chilli in India

Productivity of chilli in 2014-2015

Green chilli-19-20 q/ha

Dry chilli-5-6 q/ha

BREEDING METHODS :-

1.Introduction.

2.Mass selection.

3.Pureline selection.

4.Back cross method

BREEDING OBJECTIVES :-

Breeding for,

1) Early maturity.

2) High yielding variety.

3) Resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.

4) Resistance to pest and diseases.

5) Frost tolerant variety.

Emasculation and pollination in chilli

A pure line selection from IHR 324(local collection). Plants tall.

Fruits dark green, smooth, straight, turning deep red on maturity, Fruits highly pungent.

Duration 180 days. Yield 25 t/ha. (green Chilli). 3 t/ha. (dry chilli)

CHILLI - Arka Lohit

Varieties released by IIHR Bangaluru

High yielding chilli F1 hybrid developed by using MS line

Fresh yield 38.4t/ ha and dry yield of 6 t/ ha in 140-150 days.

CHILLI - Arka Sweta

High yielding chilli F1 hybrid developed by using MS line.

Fruits medium long (10 cm) with width 1 cm.

Fresh yield 31 t/ hectare and dry yield 6 t/ ha in 150-160 days.

Tolerant to powdery mildew and viruses.

CHILLI - Arka Harita

Dark green Foliage.

Fruits straight,smooth with pointed tip

Yield: 25t green/ha and 3 t dry chilli/ ha

Resistant to powdery mildew and field tolerant to viruses.

CHILLI - Arka Suphal

TNAU HYBRID CHILLI CO 1

Moderately resistant to fruit rot disease.

Yields about 6.74 t/ha of dry pod and 28.10 t/ha of green chilli in a crop duration of 195-205 days

Hybrids Of CHILLI

Chilli : Arka Meghana

F1 hybrid developed using CGMS (Cytoplasmic Genic Male Sterile) line

High yielding with 30-35t / ha fresh yield and 5t/ ha dry yield.

Tolerant to viruses and sucking pests

Developed by IARI, New Delhi.

Tolerant to thrips, mite and aphid

Pusa Jwala:-

High yielding with 22-24t / ha fresh yield and 5t/ ha dry yield with duration of 140 days.

Developed by PAU, Ludhiana.

Resistant to TMV, CMV, leaf curl viruses

Punjab Lal

High yielding with 23-25t / ha fresh yield and 4t/ ha dry yield with duration of 160 days

THANK YOU