CHILDREN IN ZAMBIACHILDREN IN ZAMBIATHE HOPE AND REALITIESTHE HOPE AND REALITIES

Presented toPresented to

STANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIESSTANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIESSan FranciscoSan Francisco

February 11, 2004February 11, 2004

ByBy

H.E. H.E. Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-LewanikaDr. Inonge Mbikusita-LewanikaAmbassador Of The Republic Of Zambia

To The United States Of America

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TRADITIONAL SETTING –TRADITIONAL SETTING –PRE-COLONIALPRE-COLONIAL

Aspects still exist in some Rural Areas

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Traditional ‘African’ SocietyTraditional ‘African’ Society

Limited the vulnerability of orphans Protected children from abuse & neglect Provided support to single parents Avoided child-headed households Afforded children equitable access to resources

In traditional pre-colonial African society, children and youth were the collective responsibility of the village and community from pre-natal to adolescence

This provided a strong mentoring system that:

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COLONIALCOLONIAL

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COLONIAL

Missionaries Schools, Health Centres

Colonial Government Limited numbers of schools and

health centres Smaller Population Strong Economies

Communities Self-sufficient in food production

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REALITIESREALITIES

CURRENT SCENARIOS

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CURRENT ZAMBIAN SCENARIOCURRENT ZAMBIAN SCENARIO 16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV++

Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003]Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003]

73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 2002]2002]

By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 to 14) living in Zambia to 14) living in Zambia

% of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS % of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS Research Institute, USA]Research Institute, USA]

Women – affected/infected, care givers.

Orphans - 570,000; 11.5% (1990) to 65.4% (2001) (UCSF Aids Research Institute, USA)

Strain on care givers and families

Depleting workforceBISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA

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POVERTYPOVERTY 75% - 80% of people below poverty lines of one

US$1 per day Some regions as high as 90% Declined economy due to sale of copper mines and

other servicesRapid and wholesale privatization

Diversification (Agriculture, Tourism, Small-scale Mining

Food Production – Bumper harvest 2002/2003

“Realities on the Ground –Achieving the MDGs in Zambia”Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

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HEALTH

•IMR (2001) Under 5 – 164 per 1,000

•MMR – 729% PER 100,000.

•Malaria Incidences – doubled from 235 to 375 per 1,000 in 10 years.

•Malaria Fatalities – from 10.6% (1976) to 51.3% (2001)

•Health facilities Fee-paying

•Patients have to bring their own treatment supplies.

•Hospitals, Clinics -More than 10 miles walk in rural areas.

•Exodus of health workers to other countries

•Decline in outreach services and training of TBA

Ministry of Health (Zambia) 2002

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EDUCATION

Successes

• COMMUNITY SCHOOLS.

• Program for the Advancement of Girl’s Education (PAGE).

• Move towards Free Primary Education.

• Pregnant girls can continue education.

“Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia”Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika 2003

Challenges

• Decline in Adult Literacy Programs.

• Fewer teachers in rural areas.

• Longer distances in rural areas.

• Increase in female drop-

out rate by 4th Grade.

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Zambian Children in a Rural Area – Mongu (Children’s Christmas Party by IML Zambian Embassy –

Children of the Staff

Zambian Embassy – Children of the Staff

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HOPES, ASPIRATIONS & DREAMSHOPES, ASPIRATIONS & DREAMSEMBODIED INEMBODIED IN

Millennium Development Goals NEPAD the Vehicle for the African Union Youth led organization and interventions Religious Institutions (The Church) Existing Partnerships Factors in Achieving MDG

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Millennium Development Goals

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Promote Gender Equality Reduce Child Mortality

“Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia“By Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria

and other Diseases Ensure Environmental

Sustainability Develop a Global

Partnership for Development

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NEPADNEPAD

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NEPADNEPAD GOALS

Achieve sustainable growth rate of about 7% in 15 years Ensure that Africa achieves the International Development

goals of Reduction of poverty, infant and maternal mortality rates,

gender equality Education, health and other basic services

AREAS IN NEPAD Peace and Security Democracy and Political Governance Environment and Corporate Governance Human Resource Development Regional Infrastructure Development of Agriculture Market Access Capital Flows Mobilization of Resources Partnerships in Implementing NEPAD

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YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS

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YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONSYOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS

Youth Alive (Warriors Against HIV/AIDS) Youth Leadership Forum Youth Entrepreneurs Youth Voters Association YW/MCA Guides/Scouts HIV/AIDS – IYF Initiative

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HIV/AIDS

Drop in youth infections from 20% to 16%.

Involvement of Youth, Faith-based, NGOs, Government

Awareness Campaigns – radio, theater.

National AIDS Council Report 2003 (Zambia).

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RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS

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THE LAZARUS PROJECTTHE LAZARUS PROJECT

A Partnership of

Northmead Assembly of God Church, Crossroads Christian Communication,

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA),

and UNICEF Zambia.

BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA

AN EXAMPLE

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Lazarus ProjectLazarus Project

Located in Lusaka with 2 residences for rescued Street children:Located in Lusaka with 2 residences for rescued Street children:

Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs) Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs)

Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs)Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs)

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ImpactImpact 25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School

30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in 30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in skills training skills training

13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & 13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & integrated in societyintegrated in society

Reaching 150 boys each month through soup daysReaching 150 boys each month through soup days

Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted 500 house-holds with love packages500 house-holds with love packages

BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA

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PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS

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PARTNERSHIPS

Government

NGOs

Religious Institutions

Schools

Bilateral

Financial Institutions

Multilateral

Gender Policy

Women Groups

Youth Groups

Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

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Partnering & Leveraging is KEY to success Partnering & Leveraging is KEY to success

ChurchesPara-Church OrgsFaith-Based MediaInter-Faith Partnerships

LocalPartnersCommunitiesGovernmentCBOsNat’l NGOs

Local Communities NGOs Government International Partners Global Fund World Bank UN Agencies Bilaterals

COLLABORATION MODEL

BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA

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FACTORS IN ACHIEVING MDGS

Fair Trade

Girls & Women’s EducationAnd Training

Translation of localResources to Cash

Privatization that BenefitsLocal People

Support to Local femaleEntrepreneurs

““Realities on the Ground – Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in ZambiaAchieving the MDGs in Zambia””

Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika November Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika November 20032003