Child Psychology Module 10 intelligence and Developmental
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Transcript of Child Psychology Module 10 intelligence and Developmental
INTELLIGENCE AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
IN EDUCATIONModule 10
INTELLIGENCE: NATURE AND NURTURE, STABILITY AND
CHANGE10.1
INTELLIGENCE: NATURE AND NURTURE, STABILITY AND CHANGE• Intelligence
– Potential to learn • Stable
• Nature?• Nurture?• Twin Studies
INTELLIGENCE: NATURE AND NURTURE, STABILITY AND CHANGEBEHAVIOR GENETICS, BOUCHARDHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=IYT2ALZZZQS
TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE TESTING
10.2
TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE TESTINGBRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
6-11 Years-of-Age
TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE TESTINGHISTORIC ASSESSMENTS OF INTELLIGENCE
• Binet & Simon, France 1904– Purpose• Identify children unable to learn in school
– Need help– Developed test• Assessed
– Memory– Verbal Skills– General Knowledge
– Developed concept of mental age (MA)• An individual’s level of mental development relative to
others
TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE TESTING
• Wechsler Scales• Overall IQ
– Verbal Comprehension Index– Working Memory Index– Processing Speed Index• Determines weak & strong areas
6-11 Years-of-Age
STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY
10.3
6-11 Years-of-Age
TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE: • Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of intelligence– 3 forms of Intelligence: • 1. Analytical intelligence • 2. Creative intelligence • 3. Practical intelligence
6-11 Years-of-Age
• 1. Analytical intelligence – Ability to:• Analyze• Judge• Evaluate• Compare• Contrast
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE STERNBERG CONT.
6-11 Years-of-Age
• 2. Creative intelligence– Ability to: • Create• Design• Invent• Originate• Imagine
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE STERNBERG CONT.
6-11 Years-of-Age
• Practical intelligence– Ability to: • Use• Apply• Implement• Put ideas into practice
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE STERNBERG CONT.
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE STERNBERG CONT.• In school:
– High analytic• Favored in conventional schooling
– High creative• Not at top of class, do not conform to expectations
– High practical• Do not relate well to demands of school• Often successful as adults
6-11 Years-of-Age
HOWARD GARDNER THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
10.4
HOWARD GARDNER OF THE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORYHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=L2QTSBP4FRG
6-11 Years-of-Age
HOWARD GARDNER THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
– verbal– mathematical– spatial– bodily-kinesthetic
– musical– interpersonal– intrapersonal– naturalist
Everyone has all of these intelligences to varying degrees. Which are your strengths?
6-11 Years-of-Age
INTERPRETING DIFFERENCES IN IQ SCORES
•Most researchers agree:– Genetics– Environment • Interact to influence intelligence
6-11 Years-of-Age
USING INTELLIGENCE TESTS• Psychological tests are tools • Avoid using information in negative ways
– Avoid stereotyping & expectations – IQ NOT sole indicator of competence – Use caution in interpreting an overall IQ score
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE
10.5
21
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• IQ score of 70 or below
– Intellectual disability • (mental retardation)
• IQ score of 130 or above– Gifted
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• Intellectual disability
– For proper diagnosis• Clinicians observe
– Functioning in everyday environment– Person’s background– Community standards
23
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE
• Features of intellectual disability ?– Most consistent sign • Person learns very slowly
– Other areas of difficulty• Attention• Short-term memory• Planning• Language
24
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE
• Causes of intellectual disability– Biological causes• Prenatal difficulties or birth complications• Genetic disorders
– Most common• Fragile X syndrome• Down syndrome
• Biological abnormalities– Cerebellum• Regulates motor behavior• Possibly learning & attention
25
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE
• Mild intellectual disability – IQ 50–70– About 85% – Termed “educational”
• Can have a somewhat normal life– May need assistance – Get married– Work in unskilled or semiskilled jobs– Intellectual performance may improve with age
26
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• Moderate intellectual disability
– IQ 40-55 – About 10% – Most Down syndrome – Can care for themselves– Benefit from vocational training– Need to be taught basic skills• Hygiene• Taking the bus
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• Severe and profound intellectual disability
– IQ 25-40– 3% to 4% – Often require lifelong careful supervision– Group homes
28
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• Quality of life
– Depends largely on sociocultural factors• Intervention programs
– Comfortable and stimulating residences– Social opportunities– Economic opportunities– Proper education
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE• Gifted and talented
– Gifted• IQ 130-144
– Highly gifted• IQ 145 and above
– Problem• Keeping them stimulated
– Or else?– Specialized programs needed
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
10.6
31
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION• Autism
– Identified in 1943• Extremely unresponsive to others• Uncommunicative
– Possibly mute– May gain language and lose it
• Repetitive• Rigid• Symptoms appear before age 3
– Can be identified• 18-24 mos.
32
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
• Unusual motor movements – “self-stimulatory” behaviors• Jumping• Arm flapping• Making faces
– Relieves anxiety– May engage in self-injurious behaviors• Banging heads
• At times seem overstimulated &/or under stimulated by environments
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
• Over ½ intellectual disabilities• Most social deficits • How do we help them?
34
• Treatment– Applied behavior analysis therapy• Modeling and operant conditioning
– Reward system• Teach new, appropriate behaviors
– Speech– Social skills– Classroom skills– Self-help skills– Reduce negative behaviors
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
• Autism increase in # diagnosed– 1 in 150• To (10 yrs.)• 1 in 68
– Boys continue • 5-1 boys/girls
– Why increase?
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
• Learning Disabilities– Gov’t defines learning disabilities– 3x’s more common in boys– Children excluded:• Severe emotional disorders• 2nd language background• Sensory disabilities
– EX: Blind• Neurological deficits
LEARNING DISABILITIES DEFINITION INCLUDES:
Significant difficulty in school-related area
ListeningThinkingReadingWritingSpelling
Math80% also have reading problems
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND EDUCATION
• Specific Disabilities– Dyslexia• Severe impairment in ability to read & spell
– Common problem – Writing may be extremely slow & illegible – Spelling errors • Problem matching sounds & letters
DYSLEXIA
6-11 Years-of-Age