CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant...

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CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it

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Page 1: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it

Page 2: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the

basic needs required for healthy physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual development.

is also defined as a lack of opportunities a lack of control over one’s life, as

social isolation and as biased treatment at the hands of others.

Page 3: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Facts Many people mistakenly assume that child

poverty is a challenge only people in developing countries are facing.

This is sadly untrue. In Canada, the situation of child poverty has gone from bad to worse.

Canada is one of the richest countries in the world. However, about 1,400,000 of its children live in poverty (almost one and a half million).

Children of single parents and those of aboriginal descent have suffered the most.

Page 4: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Children of full-time working parents make up almost 30% of poor children in Canada

Today, nearly half the world’s 6 billion people lives on less than $2 a day.

poverty is a reality affecting both rich and poor countries.

In developed countries it is estimated that 1 in 10 children live below the poverty line.

Page 5: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Does income affect the rate of child

poverty?

Page 6: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Hypothesis I predict that income affects the

rate of child poverty

Therefore, the greater the income the lower the rate of child poverty

Page 7: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Average income of the Canadian Provinces

average income

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000

Newfo

undl

and

Prince

Edw

ard

Islan

d

Nova

Scotia

New B

runs

wick

Quebe

c

Ontar

io

Man

itoba

Saska

tche

wan

Alberta

British

Col

umbi

a

province

inc

om

e (

$)

average income

Page 8: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of central tendency Mean: $46,922.00

Median: $45,133.00

Measures of spread Standard deviation: 4.530

Minimum value : 40,942

Maximum value: 57,277

Variance: 2.82493

Page 9: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Averagefamilyincome40000 44000 48000 52000 56000

average family income ($) 1991 Box Plot

BOX AND WHISKER PLOT

Q1 Q3

more families have incomes that are above the median

less families are making less than the median or average income

Page 10: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of spread Q1: 43295

Q3: 52346

Interquartile range: Q3-Q1 =52346-4513.5 = 47832.5

Semi-interquartile range: 47832.5/2 =23916.25

Page 11: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Child poverty rates

child poverty rates in 1991

05

101520253035

Newfo

undla

nd PEI

Nova S

cotia

New B

runsw

ick

Quebec

Ontario

Man

itobia

Saskat

chewan

Alberta

British

Colum

bia

province

inc

ide

nc

e (

%)

child poverty rates

Page 12: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of Central Tendency Mean: 20.06

this shows the average percent of children living in poverty among the provinces

Median: 19.8

this is the middle child poverty rate

Standard deviation: 5947.092248

Page 13: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

child poverty rates in 1991

05

101520253035

province

inci

denc

e (%

)

child poverty rates

• There is a high average income in Ontario •The lowest income is in Newfoundland

• the lowest child poverty rate is in British Columbia •The highest rate is in Manitoba

average income

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000

province

inco

me

($)

average income

•According to my thesis, if income affected the rates of child poverty, then the province with the highest income, would have the lowest rate

•For example Ontario has the highest average income, and therefore would have the lowest poverty rate

Page 14: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Conclusions My hypothesis was NOT correct

Child poverty rates are NOT affected by income

Page 15: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Just to make sure… Lets take a look at another year

Average income 1996

05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,000

Newfo

undl

and

Prince

Edw

ard

Islan

d

Nova

Scotia

New B

runs

wick

Quebe

c

Ontar

io

Man

itoba

Saska

tche

wan

Alberta

British

Col

umbi

a

province

inc

om

e($

)

average income

Page 16: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Child poverty ratesChild poverty rates in 1996

0

5

1015

20

25

30

British

Col

umbi

a PEI

Ontar

io

New B

runs

wick

Alberta

Quebe

c

Newfo

undl

and

Nova

Scotia

Saska

tche

wan

Man

itobia

province

inc

ide

nc

e (

%)

child poverty rates

Page 17: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Observations • Ontario has the highest income out of the provinces• Prince Edward Island has the lowest

• Newfoundland has the highest child poverty rate• Prince Edward Island has the lowest

• According to my hypothesis, the province with the highest income would have the lowest child poverty rate

• For example, Prince Edward Island has the lowest income and therefore they would have the highest child poverty rate

Page 18: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Conclusion The income is NOT a factor of child poverty

This trend was evident in both years

One can extrapolate and assume that the trend will continue in the future

Page 19: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Does the poverty rate vary amongst family

type?

Page 20: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Hypothesis The rate of child poverty is greater

in lone parent families than in all families

Page 21: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Female Lone Parents vs. All families

child poverty

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

year

inc

ide

nc

e (

%)

female lone parents

all families

Page 22: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of central tendency

Lone parent families Mean: 62.457 Median: 62.9 Range: 5.1

Measures of spread Minimum: 59.5 (1994) Maximum: 65 (1996) Standard deviation: 1.9704

Page 23: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of central tendency All families mean:19.828 Median:19.5 Range: 3.5

Measures of spread Minimum:17.8 (1990) Maximum: 21.3 (1993) Standard deviation:

1.331

Page 24: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

R2 valueChild Poverty

R2 = 0.7482

R2 = 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

year

inci

den

ce (

%)

female loneparent

all families

Poly. (allfamilies)

Poly. (femalelone parent)

Page 25: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Conclusion My hypothesis WAS correct

The rate of child poverty is GREATER in lone parent families

Page 26: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Factors causing this… Lone parent families only have one

income While other families have two incomes This would cause the poverty rate to be

higher in lone parent families The number of children per family The more children, the less money per

child

Page 27: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Are unemployment rate and the child poverty rate

related?

Page 28: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Hypothesis I predict that there is a correlation between

the unemployment rate and the rate of child poverty

If this is true, then as the unemployment rate decreases, so will the rate of child poverty

Page 29: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Unemployment vs. Child poverty rates 1990-1996

unemployment rates vs. child poverty

0

5

10

15

20

25

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

year

un

emp

loym

ent

rate

s (%

)

unemployment

poverty rates

Page 30: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of central tenancy for unemployment rate

Mean: 9.2482

Median: 9.5

Mode: there is no mode

Standard deviation: 1.57993

Page 31: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Unemployment rate Box and whisker plot

unemploymentrate6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

Collection 1 Box Plot •During this time, there are more years with an average unemployment greater that the median

•There are less years that are below the median of 9.5

Page 32: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of spread Q1: 8.7 Q3: 10.8 Interquartile range: Q3-Q1

=2.1

Semi-interquartile range: 2.1/2

= 1.05

Page 33: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures if central tendencyChild poverty (1990-1996) Mean:18.1

Median:18.1

Mode: there is not one

Standard deviation: 1.74327

Page 34: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Child poverty Box and whisker plot

childpoverty16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0

Collection 2 Box Plot •Both of the portions are almost equal

• there are slightly more years where child poverty rates are above the median

•Less years the child poverty rates are below the median

Page 35: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Measures of spread Q1:17.3

Q3:20.3

Interquartile range: Q3-Q1 = 20.3-17.3 = 3

Semi-interquartile range:3/2 =1.5

Page 36: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

R2 VALUE

unemployment rates vs. child poverty

R2 = 1

R2 = 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

year

un

emp

loym

ent

rate

s (%

)

unemployment

poverty rates

Poly. (poverty rates)

Poly. (unemployment)

Page 37: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Conclusion My hypothesis WAS correct

The rate of child poverty and unemployment are related

Page 38: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

For example…•When the rate of child poverty was high, so was the unemployment rate (ie. 1993)

•When child poverty was low, so was the unemployment rate (ie 1990)

unemployment rates vs. child poverty

0

5

10

15

20

25

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

year

unem

ploy

men

t rat

es (%

)

unemployment

poverty rates

Page 39: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

All in all… There are many different factors that affect the rate of child

poverty

The average income of a family has no evident correlation with the rate of child poverty

Family type affects the rate of child poverty Child poverty is higher in lone parent families

The unemployment rate and the rate of child poverty are related

Page 40: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

Resources E stat (statistics Canada)

http://www.freethechildren.com/getinvolved/geteducated/childpoverty.html

http://www.ccsd.ca/facts.html

www.wikepida.com

Page 41: CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it. What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the basic needs required for healthy physical,

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION


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