Child Labor in Deep Sea Fishing and Fish
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CHILD LABOR IN DEEP SEA CHILD LABOR IN DEEP SEA FISHING AND FISH SORTING FISHING AND FISH SORTING
INDUSTRIES IN PATTANI INDUSTRIES IN PATTANI PROVINCE, THAILANDPROVINCE, THAILAND
SY2000-2001SY2000-2001
By
Dr. MARUT DAMCHA-OM
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BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
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Map of the WorldMap of the World
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PROFILE OF PROFILE OF THAILANDTHAILAND
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Map of Map of Thailand Thailand
and Pattaniand Pattani
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PopulationPopulation
POPULATION OF THAILAND = 63 million
POPULATION OF PATTANI = 622,845
(Provincial statistics Aug. 2002)
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ReligionReligion
ThailandThailand95% BUDDHIST2% MUSLIM3% OTHERS
Pattani95% MUSLIM3% BUDDHIST2% OTHERS
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Pattani HarborPattani Harbor
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Deep-sea Fishing Boat Deep-sea Fishing Boat LaborersLaborers
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Fish-sorting LaborersFish-sorting Laborers
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Educational Attendance of Children Between the Ages of 14-17 in
Pattani
Total Number of Children• 46,941 (100%)
Out of School • 15,953 (33.99%)
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Children’s Rights to EducationChildren’s Rights to Education
CHILDREN RIGHTS = HUMAN RIGHTSCHILDREN RIGHTS = HUMAN RIGHTS
RIGHT TO LIVERIGHT TO LIVE
RIGHT TO LEARNRIGHT TO LEARN
RIGHT TO EDUCATIONRIGHT TO EDUCATION
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Constitution of the Kingdom of Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 1997Thailand 1997
Section 43Section 43“A person shall enjoy an equal right to
receive the fundamental education for the duration of not less than twelve years which shall be provided by the State
thoroughly, up to the quality and without charge …”
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Significance of the StudySignificance of the Study
Increase awareness of child labor in Pattani among parents, educators, schools, and community officials
Results of this study will be helpful to policy makers in developing relevant policies regarding child laborers
Results may motivate communities and Non Government Organizations to design programs that directly address the children’s situation
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Objective of the StudyObjective of the Study
To investigate the living conditions of To investigate the living conditions of
children working in deep sea fishingchildren working in deep sea fishing
boats and fish sorting industriesboats and fish sorting industries
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Focus of the StudyFocus of the Study
1.1. ProfileProfilea.a. AgeAge
b.b. SexSex
c.c. NationalityNationality
d.d. Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment
e.e. Language AbilityLanguage Ability
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Focus of the StudyFocus of the Study
2.2. Earnings and WelfareEarnings and Welfare
3.3. Health StatusHealth Status
4.4. Employers’ OpinionEmployers’ Opinion
5.5. Reason for WorkingReason for Working
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Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms
Child Labor: Any work that endangers the life, health, well-being, and development of the child
Deep-sea fishing child laborers:Children under the age of 18 engaged in deep-sea fishing off the coast of Pattani
Fish-sorting child laborers:Children under the age of 18 working as
fish- sorters in Pattani
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Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
• Population & Sample
• Instrumentation & Data Collection
• Data Analysis
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Findings: ProfileFindings: ProfileA) Age A) Age
12-14 Years18%
15-17 Years82%
Deep Sea Fishing Fish Sorting
15-17 Years61%
12-14 Years39%
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Findings: ProfileFindings: Profile B) Sex B) Sex
45
0 0
165
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Male Female
Deep Sea FishingFish Sorting
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Findings: ProfileFindings: ProfileC) NationalityC) Nationality
Thai53%
Burmese14%
Cambodian33%
Fish Sorting: 100% Thai
Deep Sea Fishing:
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Findings: ProfileFindings: ProfileD) Educational AttainmentD) Educational Attainment
Grade 662%
No Education
5%Grade 933%Grade 4
24%
Grade 612%
No Education
64%
Deep Sea Fishing Fish Sorting
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Findings: ProfileFindings: ProfileE) Language Ability (Thai)E) Language Ability (Thai)
Speak Read and Write51%
Could not
Speak Read
or Write
Speak Only17%
Deep Sea Fishing Fish Sorting
Speak Only6%
Could not
Speak, Read or Write7%
Speak, Read & Write87%
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2. Earnings and Welfare2. Earnings and Welfare Earnings in US Dollars per Earnings in US Dollars per
MonthMonth
Less Than $23.8051%
$23.80 22%
$71.50 27%
Deep Sea Fishing
Fish Sorting
Less than $23.8055%
$83.302%
$23.80- $47.6043%
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2. Earnings and Welfare 2. Earnings and Welfare Welfare - Drinking WaterWelfare - Drinking Water
Not Provided
64%
Provided36%
Deep Sea Fishing: 100% Provided
Fish Sorting:
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3. Health Status3. Health Status
Never Been Ill
87%
Been Ill13%
Deep Sea Fishing Fish Sorting
Never Been Ill
57%
Been Ill43%
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4. Employers’ Opinion4. Employers’ Opinion
Deep-Sea Fishing
Requirements of laborers
• resilience
• strength and endurance
• male
70% prefer adult laborers
30% prefer child laborers
Child and adult are treated equally.
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Employers’ Opinion (cont’d)Employers’ Opinion (cont’d)
Fish-sorting
75% prefer adult laborers
• more patient
• more experienced
• faster workers
25% prefer child laborers
• young and active, fast and obedient
• unaware of children’s rights
•Easy to please
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5.Reason for Working5.Reason for Working
No Other Jobs
Available20%
Need Income to Support Families
70%
Peer Influence
10%
Deep Sea Fishing Fish Sorting
Need Income to Support Families
67%
Peer Influence
10%No Other
Jobs Available
23%
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ConclusionsConclusions1. Fish-sorting is female dominated while deep-sea
fishing industry is a male dominated industry
2. Deep-sea fishing industry is attractive to both male adult and child laborers
3. The Thai fishing industry is attractive to neighboring countries.
4. The Thai deep sea fishing and fish sorting industries lure children away from school
5. Low economic status of parents drive children to join the fishing and sorting industry
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Conclusions (cont’d)Conclusions (cont’d)
5. The majority of health problems were due to working accidents
6. Both parents and children are not aware of the value of education
7. The fishing and sorting industry is not aware of children’s rights to education, a basic human right.
8.8. Children are stripped of normal healthy and Children are stripped of normal healthy and meaningful livesmeaningful lives
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RecommendationsRecommendations
1.1. Since the fishing industry is attractive to Since the fishing industry is attractive to neighboring countries, the Thai government neighboring countries, the Thai government should be more strict in checking the should be more strict in checking the implementation of the hiring of laborers from implementation of the hiring of laborers from other countries other countries
2.2. The Ministry of Education, Thailand should The Ministry of Education, Thailand should provide relevant non-formal education and provide relevant non-formal education and vocational training programs for parents and vocational training programs for parents and adults in the communityadults in the community
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Recommendations (cont’d)Recommendations (cont’d)
3.3. The Ministry of Health should organize training The Ministry of Health should organize training for the fishing and sorting industry managers for the fishing and sorting industry managers on work hazards prevention and health care of on work hazards prevention and health care of employees employees
4.4. The Thai national and local government and The Thai national and local government and education stakeholders should collaborate for education stakeholders should collaborate for strong social mobilization and advocacy on the strong social mobilization and advocacy on the value of education for children. value of education for children.
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Recommendations (cont’d)Recommendations (cont’d)
5.5. Government agencies and NGOs concerned Government agencies and NGOs concerned should be more active in disseminating should be more active in disseminating information on children’s rights to education, information on children’s rights to education, particularly to the fishing and sorting industries.particularly to the fishing and sorting industries.
6.6. Government agencies concerned should be Government agencies concerned should be more strict in implementing the anti-child labor more strict in implementing the anti-child labor law.law.
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Recommendations (cont’d)Recommendations (cont’d)
7.7. Schools should be more student-friendly and Schools should be more student-friendly and school community based to attract the child school community based to attract the child laborers to go back to schoollaborers to go back to school
8.8. Access to appropriate non formal education Access to appropriate non formal education programmes as well as Thai language programmes as well as Thai language teaching should be open to child laborers. teaching should be open to child laborers.
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Thank Thank YouYou