Child Development GROUP SOPHIE
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Transcript of Child Development GROUP SOPHIE
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Physical
Development
Group Members:
1. Alastair Sia
2. Elnabeth Elvia Yamoh
3. Nor Fathin Anisah
4. Sophie Chan
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Definition:
Refers to physical changes, rate of
growth of the different body parts,
the functions of the body parts andhuman features.
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hild Development
Periods of development
Prenatal period: from conception to birth
Infancy: birth to 2 years
childhood: 3-11 years old
Adolescence: 12-19 years old
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Prenatal
Development Prenatal development is divided
into 3 main periods Germinal Period (0-2 weeks)
Embryonic Period (3-8 weeks)
Fetal Period (9 weeks-birth)
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Germinal Period
During this period, the cells in the zygotedivide rapidly, and the mass of cells movesslowly along the mother's fallopian tube tothe uterus, where it is implanted in theuterine lining.
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Embryonic Period
EndodermRespiratory and digestive systems.
Mesoderm
Circulatory system, bones, muscles,excretory system, reproductive system.
Ectoderm
Nervous system, sensory receptors andskin.
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Fetal Period
The individual is referred to as a fetus during
this period.
Cells continue to divide, body structures
become functional, and the fetus becomes
capable of movement.
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Summary of Infants Physical Development
AGE Physical Development
Born6th
month -Weight & height increase in higher rate-Reflex decrease
-Raise head, rolling & grasp
-Alert towards movement
-Identify object through the expression of people around them
7th12thmonth -Crawl and sit without support
-Show grasp skill with fingers
-Organized various audio-visual stimulation
-Alert towards pictures
-Differentiate objects from it surrounding based on colour and
textual
13th18thmonth -Walk in better coordination
-Manipulate small object with better coordination
19th-24thmonth -Walking -Climbing
-Running -Manipulate object with best coordination
-Jumping
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Infants : Born- 2 years old
Size
- Gain an ounce or 28 grams per day during the
1st two months. Then kilogram per month
- Most babies double their birth weight & grow
30% in length by the 5thmonth.
- By their 1stbirthday, they typically triple their
birth weight & grow more than 50% in length
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Dental Growth
- A babys 1sttooth appears at around 6 months.
- Some begin teething as early as 3 months &others after 1stbirthday.
- Lower 2 middle teeth usually come 1st, followedby the upper 2 middle teeth.
- During teething, some babies become fussy,lose appetite & drool.
- Experts recommend that parent clean babys
teeth regularly, avoid putting baby to bed witha bottle of milk or formula & see a dentistbefore a babys 1stbirthday
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 110 12 13 1410
De
greeofmotorde
velopment
Prone, lift head
Prone, chest up, arms forsupport
Roll over
Sit without support
Support some weight with legs
Stand with support
Pull self to stand
Walk using furniture for support
Walk alone easily
Stand alone easily
Milestones in Gross Motor Development
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Visual Acuity During the First Months of Life
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Fine MotorFine Motor skills-involve the small muscles of
the hands and wrists.
Fine motor milestones: (all ages approximate):
3 months - coordination of hands, grasp objects
8 months - pincer grasp
11 months - grasp a crayon and draw
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Early Childhood (2-6 years old)
Slower than the previous stages.
Childs height is twice compared to during
birth.
Body weight may be four times more.
The bigger muscles would have developed
but fine muscle would not be developed
fully.
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Research has proven that girls grow faster
than boys.
Psychomotor ability will develop in sequence,
for instance children are able to run before
they can play using roller-skates.
The rate of development and psychomotor
abilities is influenced by the individuals genes.
- Example: if both his parents are able to walk atearly an early age, its quite possible that the
child will also be able to walk at an early stage.
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Table 1: Examples of psychomotor activities of a child.
AGE (YEARS) PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
2
Going up steps with some help.
Holding big objects like balls and
manipulate smaller objects like colour
pencil.
3
Throwing the ball.
Riding a tricycle.
4
Jumping and running.
Going up and down steps without
help.
5
Using roller-skates.
Writing alphabet and words easily.
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Childhood (7-12 years)
Growth and development rate is stable but
will be at a slower pace.The growth and development is more on the
refinement of the psychomotor skills.
Permanent teeth starts to replace the milkteeth.
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The fine muscles are more developed.
The eyes coordinate better.The hands are more developed enabling
them to write properly, play musical
instruments like piano, violin or evensewing, knitting and other outdoor
activities like sports.
Boys are more towards contact games like
football.
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Implications on the Teaching and
Learning Process in the Classroom
Children can be taught to play musical
instruments and arts.Involve the children in games, swimming,
gymnastic so as to strengthen their muscles,
building resistance and develop better bodymovement.
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Allow opportunities for boys to be involved with
games such as football and appropriate games orsports for girls like netball.
Children will feel satisfied if they are able to dothings on their own.
Children are active at this stage. A teacher canprepare some activities like playing ball and
running.
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EARLY ADOLESCENT
12-15 years
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The growth and development rate in this stage
are rapid.
Physical changes such as height, size, and
body shape are more significant and toward
adulthood.
Size changes in a girl happens rapidly one or
two years before puberty (growth spurt).
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When a girl reaches puberty;
Become more feminine
Growth of armpit and pubic hair
Develop breast
Start having period
When a boy reaches puberty:
Growth of facial, armpit, and pubic hair
Voice changes
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Girls experience height changes and puberty
earlier than boys. However, boys have longer
growth period when their reach puberty.
Muscle growth is more significant in boys.
Generally, they are physically strong.
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Activities (a talk, counseling) that can help the
adolescent in understanding themselves
better.
Healthy social activities such as a fun exercise.
A teacher should be sensitive and attends to
the changes in students as these affect the
preparation, ability and childs interest in
learning at school.
Implication in Teaching & Learning in
class
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