CHILD DEVELOPMENTTHEORIES & CONCEPTS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

ALIA NADIRAH DZULKIFLIFLORINNA KENNEDY1 PISMP TESL 1

The study and practice of improving one’s life

common aspects of personal development include :

goal setting, motivation, changing habits, improving awareness

WHAT IS PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT?

BASIC CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY

Personality- individuality, characteristics or role played by people.

Translated from the English Language which originally derived from Latin word, persona.

According to Alder ( 1948)

: personality is an individual’s way of life , continuously striving for superiority.

Gordon Allport (1961)

: personality is a dynamic psychological system of organisation found in an individual’s soul. This system will determine his behavior characteristic and adjustment to the environment.

Wayne Weiten (1994), author of Psychology :Themes and variations provides concise definition for personality :

“personality refers to an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits.”

-the stability(consistency) in a person’s behavior over time and across situation.

-the behavioral differences among people reacting to do the same situation.

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

can divided to four main perspectives.

I. psychodynamic

II. behavioral

III. humanistic

IV. biological

PSYCHODYNAMIC

Focus on unconscious mental forces. This is the result conducted by Sigmund Freud.

Freud use the concept Id, ego and superego.

the three elements of personality work together to create complex human behaviours.

BEHAVIOURAL

B.F. Skinner, American Psychologist

: people show certain consistent pattern behaviour because they possessed some stable response tendencies, which they acquired from experiences.

-the person would continue to repeat the same response when similar situation occurs in future.

HUMANISTIC Emphasizes the unique quality of humans,

especially their freedom and potential for personal development.

Carl Rogers ( 1980)

: viewed personality structure in terms of self-concept, which is a collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities and typical behaviour.

To an individual, self-concept is his or her own mental picture, a collection of self perceptions.

BIOLOGICAL Hans Eyneck

: considers that personality is inherited and generally determined by a person’s genes.

three higher-order traits: -extroversion (sociable, lively, active,

assertive, sensation-seeking) -neuroticism (anxious, tense, moody, low in

self-esteem) -psychoticism (egocentric, impulsive, cold,

antisocial.)

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