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Child care from a global perspective

Group members

Donna GallimoreCatarina JovitaVesna AdamovaEdward TolinBora HwangSultana Sanjida

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Agenda

• Introduction • Types of childcare• History/Evolution of service• Underlying philosophy• Availability • Accessibility • Role of ECE / training• Video

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Types of Childcare System

Age Ranges

• Infants : 0 month to 18 months

• Toddlers : 18 months to 2 ½ years

• Preschool : 2 1/2years to 5 years

• School age : 6 years to 12years

• Infants : 0 month to 18months

• Toddlers : 18 months 2 ½ or 3years

• Preschool/kindergarten : 3 years to 6years

• Elementary school : 6 years to 12years

Ontario Japan

Licensed • Childcare centres- 3months to 12years - Full-time programs and five days a week- By the province of Ontario- Must meet the Day Nurseries Standards

• Home childcare- 0 to 12 years - by agencies- by nannies, au-pairs, or friends and family

Formal• Kindergartens- Public-run and private-run, both licensed by

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

- 3years to 5years- most are part-time- focus on education

• Daycare centers- Licensed by Ministry of Health, Labor and

Welfare (MHLW)- Licensed centers can be Public-run or private-

run- Non-licensed centers do exist and are not under

MHLW- 0 to 5years- Most are full-time

Ontario

Types of childcare system

Japan

Unlicensed• Nursery school- 2 to 5 years- focus on learning experience

• After-school and Recreation- 6 to 12 years- such as YMCA, Community center

• Family Resource Program- focus on supporting parents and caregivers :playgroups, drop-ins, resources, toy lending

libraries.etc.

Informal• Non-licensed home

care/after-school- most 6 to 12 years- focus on studying

• Nanny- part-time or full-time- by agency

Types of childcare system

Ontario Japan

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History• The first kindergarten opened in 1876.

• School year starts in April and ends in March which started around 1900.

• There are special places set up for children who are ill. Since 1994, about 500 have been built. The government had planned to increase that number to about 1500 by 2009.

• In-house daycare has been established since 2011 at IBM in Japan

• The first kindergarten opened here in 1882.The first public school opened in Kitchener, Ontario in January 1857.

• School year starts in September and ends in June

• IBM has on-site daycare in Markham,Ontario

Suddaby Public School-First public school in Ontario

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School buses and school zone sign in Japan

• .

School buses and school zone sign in Ontario

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Lunch time• Lunch time• In Japan schools, the students are taught to do

things themselves. They clean their school, and make and serve their own lunches . They are very concerned with germs , so the kids serving the food use face masks.

• In Ontario kids bring or buy their own lunches.

Some go home for lunch.

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Earthquake drills are held once a month in Japan schools

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Old school Japan Old School Ontario

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School uniforms are worn thereNative dress is worn for special occasions

Daycare and schools in JapanThe way it is now

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Kumon started in Japan

• In 1954 Toru Kumon began to teach his eldest son, who was having problems in mathematics at school. Kumon developed the Kumon Method. In 1958, he founded the Kumon Institute of Education after which Kumon Centers began to open around the world.

• Kumon expanded to Ontario in 1980. Kumon English Program (for native Japanese speakers) was launched. The Kumon Recommended Reading List was prepared. First Kumon Center opened in Toronto, Canada (Mrs. Kishibe)

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Title: The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In Toronto Source: UPI Photo Collection. Document Type: Photograph

 

Title: The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In Toronto

Emperor Akihito (L) and Empress Michiko of Japan admire the bouquet of flowers presented to them by young children in the Reading Room at the Hospital for SickKids in Toronto, Canada on July 9, 2009. The Imperial Couple's stop at the hospital was part of their official state visit to Canada commemorating the 80-year relationship between the two countries. UPI Photo/Christine Chew Source Citation (MLA 7th Edition) "The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In Toronto." UPI Photo Collection. United Press International, 2010. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.

Japan’s relationship with OntarioOfficial state visit to Canada commemorating the 80 year relationship between the two countries

Underlying Philosophy

Ontario• Children learn through play

• Children are the center of the learning curriculum

• Children’s families are encouraged to actively participate

Japan• Play has essential role in

children’s development

• “Child centered education”

• “Omoiyari” refers to cooperation

Underlying philosophy

OntarioSome of the philosophical

approaches:• High Scope• Reggio Emilia• Montessori • Behaviorist • Thematic

Japan• International philosophical

approaches: Montessori, High Scope and Reggio Emilia

• Japanese traditional Kodomeon philosophy

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Availability in Japan:•In Japan there is high demand for child care, but there is not enough resources to supply the demand •There are long waiting list in the public and private sector.•Japan government estimates 46, 000 children are on waiting list to get into day care, you must convince the ward office that you are desperate if not you remain at the back of the line.• There is a higher demand than supply.

Availability in Ontario: •In Ontario there is high demand for child care•In public and private sector there are long waiting list, but not so high like in Japan•In Ontario the demand is higher while the supply is low

AccessibilityOntario

Licensed Child Care Centres Licensed Home Child Care Centre

Japan Authorized Day Care centre

Non-registered Day Care centre

Ontario

Licensed Day Care

• Most of them have subsidy• Depends on the family income• 0-12 years of age• Must meet Day Nursery Act• Private Day Care centre are privately owned and

operated

Japan

Publicly-funded, publicly- managed Publicly-funded, Privately- managed Privately-funded, Privately- managed

Japan Publicly-funded, publicly- managed

• Government subsidy• Depends on family income• “Minimum standards for child welfare facilities” ”

Government ActPublicly-funded, Privately- managed

• Government certified centre• Facilities standards are higher than city run centre.

Japan

Privately-funded, Privately- managed• Run by private sector

• Longer hour, six days a week• Not regulated by the government

• Standards are usually higher• Parents usually have higher income

• http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/market/pdf/200

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•Designing and implementing curriculum and standards •Improving qualifications, training and working conditions •Engaging families and communities •Advancing data collection, research and monitoring •Setting out quality goals and regulations • http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/JAPAN%20policy%20profile%20-%20published%2028-09-2012.pdf

Create a framework for good programs and curriculum

•Encourage children to develop in all development and domain•Maintain healthy and safety policies and procedures•Meet each individual child’s basic needs•Partner with parents•Designing and implementing curriculum and standards ( Cox, Class note, week 4 page: 2) http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v1n2/holloway.html

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ECE need to get Certificate in two ways: 1- Finish 4 years education and get 124credits for level 1 certificate 2- Finish 2 years education and get 62 credits for level 2 certificate http://www.slideshare.net/chenvivian/child-care-in-japan3

Here we have two ways to become a Child study leader 1- ECE needs to finish two academic years of education to get Diploma 2- ECL need to Finish 4 academic years for periods of 8 months to have Bachelor of Early Childhood Leadership

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終わりThe End

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Bibliography• Bibliography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_care• http://sjls.ca/en/?page_id=8• http://www.ipss.go.jp/webj-ad/webjournal.files/population/2003_6/15.Zou.pdf• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten#Japan• http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/JAPAN%20policy%20profile%20-%20published%2028-09-2012.pdf • http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v1n2/holloway.html • http://www.slideshare.net/chenvivian/child-care-in-japan3 • http://www.oeyc.ca/pdf%20files/Every%20Child%20Every%20Opportunity.pdf • http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/childcare/oelf/continuum/continuum.pdf • http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/09/01/7553990-earthquake-drills-for-school-children-in-japan?lit

e• oldjapanphoto.wordpress.comwafuworks.blogspot.com• The inquiry.ca • Kumon-method.html

• Title: The Emperor And Empress Of Japan Visit The Hospital For SickKids In Toronto • Source: UPI Photo Collection. • Document Type: Photograph• Class Notes Week 4• Class Notes Week 5• EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, An international encyclopaedia, Edited by Rebeca S. New and Moncrieff

Cochran 2007

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SUMMARY SHEET Child care in Japan Child care in Ontario

There are private schools called vochien for higher income children. The majority of children go to hoikuen which is full-day government subsidized. Schooling is not mandatory until Grade 1.

There are private and public schools in Ontario. For younger ages in the form of daycare centers with infant/toddler/preschool ages. Kindergarten is optional . Mandatory schooling begins in Grade 1.

The Japanese school year begins in April and runs until late March with summer and winter breaks in between.

Ontario’s elementary school year run from September to late June with winter break and March break in between.

A need for more affordable child care exists. Supply does not meet demand. Subsidized spaces are hard to come by and waiting lists are long.

There are facilities in Japan set up primarily for taking care of sick children There are no facilities in Ontario set up to cater to sick children

IBM operates an in-house child care center in Tokyo, Japan IBM operates an on-site daycare center in Markham, Ontario

ECE EDUCATION TRAINING in JapanECE need to get Certificate in two ways:1- Finish 4 years education and get 124credits for level 1 certificate2- Finish 2 years education and get 62 credits for level 2 certificate

ECE EDUCATION TRAINING in OntarioHere we have two ways to become a Child study leader1- ECE need to finish two academic years of education to get Diploma 2- ECL need to Finish 4 academic years for periods of 8 months to have Bachelor of Early Childhood Leadership

Some preschools are set up based on religion - Buddhist, Christian, etc. Pre-schools in Ontario generally are non-sectarian and generally inclusive.

In Japan schools, the students are taught to do things themselves. They clean their school, and make and serve their own lunches. Each class is sent to go pick up their own food

In Ontario, children are responsible for bringing their own lunches from home to school.

•In Japan there is high demand for child care, but there is not enough resources to supply the demand •There are long waiting list in the public and private sector.•There is a higher demand than supply

•In Ontario there is high demand for child care•In public and private sector there are long waiting list, but not so high like in Japan•In Ontario the demand is higher while the supply is low

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Summary sheet

Child care in Japan Child care in Ontario

In Japans’ case, starting from age of 4, the children begin focusing seriously on school subjects such as Mathematics and Language development.The childcare system in Japan is divided between formal and informal system. Kindergartens and daycare centers belong to a formal system. Kindergarten can be publicly or privately run but both are licensed by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). But daycare centres are licensed by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). Informal systems in Japan are simply divided between nanny care and after school private tutoring.

In Canada, between preschool age of 2 ½ years to 5 years, they focus on social and physical development.The childcare system in Canada is mainly divided between licensed and unlicensed system. There are 2 types of licensed childcare system, childcare center and home care. Unlicensed system focuses mainly on after school activities such as YMCA, Community Centres and other recreational clubs.

Underlying philosophy of the Early Childhood education in Japan is based on two models.One is called “education through play” or “child centered education”. Japanese believe that children can learn through play and the play has essential role in children’s development.Another model is based on some parents believes that children need to learn through direct instructions in numeracy, literacy and instrumental music.

Underlying philosophy of the Early Childhood Education in Ontario is reflection of values, beliefs, high standards in curriculum programming, principles and philosophical approaches. Children are the center of the learning curriculum; they are active participants, encouraged by their educators.

Kumon developed the Kumon Method. In 1956, Kumon opened the first Kumon Center in Osaka, Japan with the help of parents who were interested in the Method. In 1958, he founded the Kumon Institute of Education , after which Kumon Centers began to open around the world

Kumon expanded to Canada in 1980. Kumon English Program (for native Japanese speakers) was launched. The Kumon Recommended Reading List was prepared. First Kumon Center opened in Toronto, Canada (Mrs. Kishibe)