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HAND BOOK OF

STATISTICS 2014

VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT

CHIEF PLANNING OFFICER

Vizianagaram district

Silent Features of the District 2013-14

1. HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT

The history of Vizianagaram district is connected with hoary past of Kalinga, one of the political divisions of ancient India. Only in

modern times, the upper part of Kalinga was gradually merged into Orissa State and the lower part into Andhra Region. The Kalinga

empire extended from Cuttak in Orissa to Pithapuram in East Godavari District even as far back as the 4th Century B.C. The Nandas

ruled the area between 467 B.C. and 336 B.C. They were followed by the Mauryas, the Chedis, the Satavahanas, the Pitribhaktas,

the Matharas, the Vasisthas, the Vishnukundins, the early Eastern Gangas, the Eastern Chalukyas of Vangi, the late Eastern Gangas, the

Reddis of Rajahmundry and the Velanati Cholas who ruled over the area constituting the present Srikakulam district till the Kakatiyas

appeared on the political scene by A.D. 1210.

Recorded evidence shows that some local dynasties like the

Rapatri Chiefs, and the Gangas of Narayanapura, (situated in the Bobbili block), the Gangas of Jantarunadu (the track now known as

Srungavarapukota), ruled over parts of the district from the 12th century to the middle of the 15th century at various periods of

time. The silas of Nandapura with Capitals at Nandapura and Bobbili who acknowledged the suzerainty of the Gangas of Kalinga

held away over parts of the district for nearly a hundred years from the middle of the 14th Century.

The Kakatiyas under Ganapatideva defeated the Velanati Chola

Chief, Prithvisvara who was rulling over the territory in 1210 but the territory was recovered by the Eastern Gangas during the region of

Ananga Bhima III. The Gajapatis of Orissa then came to rule the

territory after overthrowing the Eastern Gangas in A.D.1443. The rule of the Gajapatis over the area lasted for about 140 years till the

Qutb Shahis conquered the territory around A.D.1574. Consequent on the Occupation of Golconda by the Mughals in A.D.1687, the area

came under the control of the Mughals. When the Viceroy of the Mughals in Deccan, Nizam-ul-Mulk-Asaf Jah declared his

independence in A.D.1724, the area came under the rule of the Asaf Jahis.

In the war of succession after Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah died,

Salabat Jung who came to power with the backing of the French General Bussy, rewarded the French by ceding four Circars including

the Chicacole Circar in 1753. An important event in the history of the district which occurred by about this time is the war between the

Rajas of Vizianagaram and Bobbili, popularly known as Bobbili

Yuddham. The war was fought between the Rajah of Vizianagaram aided by the French General Bussy, and the Rajah of Bobbili on the

24th of January 1757. The bravery and valour of the soldiers of Bobbili displayed in this war is still remembered by the people of

the area.

Another important event in the history of the district is the war

between the French and the English fought at Chandurthi in 1758 in which the French were defeated and the Northern Circars were

made over to the British under a firmana from the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam in 1765 which were placed under the then existing Chief

and Council at Vizagapatam. In 1794, the Chiefs and Councils were abolished and Vizagapatam was arranged into three divisions each

under a Collector. Almost the entire area of the present area of Vizianagaram district fell under the second division. However, the

three divisions were merged and a Collectorate for the whole district was established in 1803 after the introduction of the permanent

settlement in the area.

The history of the rebellions against the alien rule goes

back to 1830 when the people of the district particularly the tribals, unable to beat the oppression, rose in frequent rabellions

(fituris) leading to the establishment of seperate administrative system known as "Agency Administration" under the Indian Act XXIV

of 1839. The rebellion of Korra Malliah, a tribal chief of the Salur area against the British rule in 1900 is another important event in

the struggle against the alien rule. The District Magistrate despatched Reserve Police to suppress the revolt which was seriously resisted

by the people. In the skirmish that followed many were killed. Korra Malliah along with son was arrested and kept in Jail

where he died subsequently. In the freedom struggle the people hailing from the area enthusiastically took part in various phases of the movement like a non-cooperation movement, civil disobedience movement, Quit India Movement etc.,

After abolition of the Zamindaris in 1948, Visakhapatnam district was found to be unwieldy for administrative purposes.

Consequently, Srikakulam district was carved out in 1950, bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam district. The constitution of

Vizianagaram district in 1979, by transferring the taluks of Parvathipuram, Kurupam, Salur, Bobbili, Badangi and Cheepurupalle

from Srikakulam district and some taluks of Visakhapatnam, forms the latest development in the history of the district.

2. GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE

A) GENERAL PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Vizianagaram District was formed as 23rd district in the

State on 1stJune, 1979 with Headquarters at Vizianagaram as per G.O.Ms.No.700/Revenue(U) Department, dated.15th May 1979 with

portions carved from Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam Districts.

The district is a part of the Northern Coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh and lies between 17o -15’ and 19o -15’ of the Northern Latitude

and 83o – 0’ to 83O – 45’ of the Eastern Longitude. It is bounded on the East by Srikakulam district, on the West and South by Visakhapatnam

district, on the South-East by Bay of Bengal and North-West by Orissa State.

The district was formed with 9 taluks viz., Vizianagaram,

Gajapathinagaram, Srungavarapukota and Bhogapuram taluks from

Visakhapatnam district, Bobbili, Parvathipuram, Saluru, Kurupam and Cheepurupalli from Srikakulam district. In December 1979, 3 more taluks were added by creating Nellimarla, Viyyampeta and Badangi duly bifurcating the taluks of Vizianagaram, Srugavarapukota and Bobbili

respectively making the total taluks to 12 and these taluks have been further sub divided into 52 Firkas.

For administrative convenience, the district is divided into 2

Revenue Divisions viz., Vizianagaram and Parvathipuram. In May, 1985 the taluks and firkas were replaced with 34 Revenue Mandals in the

district.

B) HILLS

The district can be divided into two distinct natural physical

divisions i.e., plain and hilly regions. The hilly region is mostly covered with densely wooded forests and comes under Agency tract of the

district. Since it is hilly tract its elevation is also uneven. The plain portion of the district is a well cultivated tract.

The areas transferred from Visakhapatnam district are mostly

hilly and pictures one, especially in the north. The Agency tract mostly consists of the hilly regions covered by the Eastern Ghats which run

parallel to the Coast from the North-East to the South-West. The average height of these hills is over 914 metres although there are several peaks of even 1219 metres high. The highest peak is the Shankaram in Srugavarapukota mandal which is over 1615 metres.

In the areas transferred from Srikakulam district, the hilly

region consists, parts of the former Parvathipuram and Saluru taluks and they are known as Agency tracts. The main hill ranges are Dumakonda, Antikonda, Palakonda, Kodagandi and Gamatikonda. All these individual ranges form part of the Eastern Ghats. These ranges with their detached

hills show a distinct North-West-South-East trend. In the Parvathipuram division the hills are lower than elsewhere and consists of steep and

rugged lines devoid of plateau and hedging in the too broad and almost parallel.

C) RIVERS

The district is drained by the rivers of Nagavali, Gosthani,

Suvarnamukhi, Champavathi, Vegavathi and Gomukhi which pass through plain and hilly regions. A brief description of these rivers is given

below:

Nagavali

The Nagavali also known as the Langulya in the lower reaches, is

the main river in the district. It takes its birth in the steep hills of Rayagada taluk in Orissa State and enters the district in Komarada

mandal. It passes through Komarada, Jiyyammavalasa and Garugubilli mandals and enters Srikakulam district, which finally disembogues the

Bay of Bengal at Mofuzbander, near Srikakulam. Its total length is 200 KM and flows for about 112 KM in Vizianagaram district. The total

catchment area of this river is 8,964 Sq. K.Ms. The annual flow of water in this river is about 1.21 million hects. The main tributories of this river

are Vegavathi, Suvarnamukhi, Janjhavathi and Vottigedda.

Gostani

The river has its origin in the Ananthagiri forest area of

Srungavarapukota, a few kilometres away from the famous Borra caves. The local tradition states that, deep in the caves there is a Sivalingam

over which there is an idol of a cow and that water comes from the udder of this cow, falls on the Sivalingam and flows down in the form of a river.

As the river is said to commence from the udder of a Cow, it is called Gosthani river. A stream coming from the western side and joining this

Gosthani River near Borra caves is only a hill stream. After passing through the Jami mandal, it enters Visakhapatnam district.

Suvarnamukhi

The river takes its birth in the hills of Saluru and takes eastern

direction and finally joins the Nagavali river in Palakonda mandal of

Srikakulam district. It flows mostly in Bobbili area.

Vegavathi

It originates in Pachipenta hills of Pachipenta mandal and flows in

the same direction, almost parallel to the Suvarnamukhi and finally joins Nagavali.

Gomukhi

The river Gomukhi originates from the Eastern Ghats and flows North-West of Saluru. After serving a few villages it joins the

Suvarnamukhi.

Champavathi

This river takes its origin in the Eastern Ghats in Srikakulam district

and after flowing through Saluru area it enters Vizianagaram mandal. The river finally falls into Bay of Mengal at Konada village in Pusapatirega

mandal of the district.

D) FLORA

The district receives rains from both the monsoons and the climate is tropical. The forest exhibit a variety of local changes in quality,

composition and density depending upon the soil moisture, climate, altitude, slope and distance from the sea. Thus it is seen a wide spectral of vegetation from the sea to the Sheltered spurs, high ridges and the valleys bordering the state. These forests range from Xerophytic in the

dry and inhospitable conditions to less Xerophytic and Mesophytic species at higher regions with more moisture, cooler climate and better soils in

the valleys. The floristic diversity is noticed in the quality and density of forests which range from 6 metres in poorer areas to over 20 metres in

better areas. Forests vary in density from vast extents of full density seen in the inner remote areas to sparce open forests due to biotic abuses

around habitation.

The main floral species found in the distinct are spinifex squarrosus (Ravanasurunimisalu), Pandanus odaratissimus(Mogali),

Dodonaea Viscosa(Bandaru), Carissa Carandas(Kalimi), Randia dumetorum(Manga), Cassia auriculata(Tangedu), Memecylonedule(Pedda

alli), Borassus flabelliformis(Tadi), Albizzia amera(Nalregu chickreni), Acacia lencophloea(Tellatuma), Sapindus emerginatus(Kunkudu),

Coculospermum gosypium(Konda Buruga), Semecarpus Anacardium(Jidi),

Butea frondosa(Moduga), Feroncia Elephantum(Velaga), Terminaia Chebula(Karakkayi), Bridelia retusa(Koramadi). Xylia Xylo

Carpa(Kondatangedu). Gmelina arborea(Gummadi), Adina cordifolia(Bandaru), Termindia tomentosa(Nalla Maddi), Dendrocalamus

strictus(Veduru), Pongamia glabra(Kanuga), Garuga pinnata(Garugu), Shorea robusta(sal or guggilam), Albizzia lebbeck(Dirisanam),

Plerocarpus harsupium(Yegisi), Mangifera indica(Mamidi), Mahotus phillippinensis(Sinduri), Michelia champaka(Champakam), Cedrela Toona,

Artocarpus integrifolia (Panasa), Bambusa arundinacea(Mulla veduru) etc.,

The forest types found in the district are:

1. Southern Tropical Moist Mixed Deciduous forests 2. Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous forests – Sal type 3. Southern Tropical Dry – Mixed Deciduous forests

4. Dry Deciduous Green forests; and 5. Dry Ever Green forests.

E) FAUNA

Fauna in the district is fairly high in the interior hill regions, but it is heavily threatened with extinction. The reasons for the depletion

are mainly due to shrinkage of habitat and un-controlled poaching. The principal animals and birds found from along the sea-coast to the high plateau are Yellow Bat, Sloth Bear, Wild buffaloes, Fox, Hare Hyena, Jackal, Mongoose and birds of blue rock Pigeon, House crow, House

sparrow, Common Myna etc., Consequent on the enactment of the Wild Life Protection Act of 1972, it is hoped that wild life would improve and

attain the past glory.

F) CLIMATE

The climate of the District is Characterized by high

humidity, all the year round with oppressive summer and good seasonal rainfall. The summer season is from March to the middle of

June. This is followed by the South-West monsoon season, which lasts up to about the 2nd week of October. The period from Mid October to the

end of November constitutes the post monsoon or retreating monsoon

season. December to February is the season of generally fine weather. The Climate of the hill parts of the district is different from that of the plains. Since hilly regions receive heavier rainfall they are cooler than the plains. The maximum temperature will be recorded during May and

the minimum temperature will be during December.

G) TEMPARATURE

In the interior low level area of the district, the temperatures

in summer are about 2 to 3 degrees higher than in the coastal region. In the hilly tracks, the temperature in general may be lower than in the

coastal region by about a couple of degrees or so, depending on elevation. From about the middle of February, the temperatures rise

rapidly till May which is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 35oC and the mean minimum at about 27oC. The

weather is very oppressive particularly in the coastal region where

humidity is also generally high. Thunder showers and sea breezes in the afternoons bring some relief from the heat in the coastal region. With the on set of the south-west monsoon by about mid June the day temperatures drop by a couple of degrees. But, the decrease in the

night temperature is only slight. After the withdrawal of the South-West monsoon, early in October, temperature begins to decrease

progressively. December and January are the coldest months with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 28o C and the mean daily

minimum at about 18o C. During the fine weather season, the night

temperature may some times drop down to about 11o C.

H. RAINFALL The Rainfall is being recorded at 34 rain gauge stations in the

Mandal headquarters in the district. The Normal annual rainfall for the district is 1131 MM. The district mostly gets rainfall during both the

monsoon seasons of Southwest and North East. The normal rainfall during South-west monsoon months, June to September amounts to 71%

of the annual rainfall and that during North East monsoon months of October to December constitutes 11 percent of the annual rainfall. June

(380 mm), September (321 MM) are the heavy rainfall months in the year. Year-wise average rainfall received against normal since formation

of the district is detailed below:

YEAR Normal Rainfall

Average

Rainfall Received

% of variation

Average

No. of rainy days

1981-82 1158 1026.5 -11.4 53

1982-83 1158 1039.5 -10.2 53

1983-84 1158 1168 1 61

1984-85 1158 996 -14 54

1985-86 1158 1118.4 -3.4 65

1986-87 1158 1415.6 22.2 61

1987-88 1158 1218.4 5.2 57

1988-89 1158 1086.6 6.2 58

1989-90 1158 1643.8 41.9 71

1990-91 1158 1050.4 -9.3 62

1991-92 1158 1097.5 -5.2 64

1992-93 1158 1058.7 -8.6 66

1993-94 1158 876.3 -4.3 57

1994-95 1158 1235.8 6.7 68

1995-96 1158 1091.3 -5.7 58

1996-97 1158 1105.2 -4.5 62

1997-98 1158 1032.5 -10.8 62

1998-99 1158 1358.5 17.3 72

1999-00 1158 966.7 -16.5 60

2000-01 1131 899.3 -20.5 56

2001-02 1131 955.9 -15.5 59

2002-03 1131 740.7 -34.5 45

2003-04 1131 1188.8 5.1 62

2004-05 1131 919.8 -18.7 52

2005-06 1131 1248 10.3 69

2006-07 1131 1285.5 13.7 60

2007-08 1131 1304.7 15.4 68

2008-09 1131 906.8 -20.0 49

2009-10 1131 1120.7 -1.0 57

2010-11 1131 1611.6 43.0 81

2011-12 1131 891.8 -21.1 60

2012-13 1131 1216.8 -7.5 55

2013-14 1131 1238.9 10 56

The percentage of rainfall received against normal rainfall is varying from year to year; while observing the year-wise rainfall received against normal from 1979 to 2007, it is evident that percentage of deviation is highest during the years 1989(42%), 1986(22%) and 1998(17%), and it

is highly deficient during 2002(-34%), 1993-24%) and 2000(-20%).

On an average, there are 68 rainy days (days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more) in a year in the district.

Year-wise highest rainfall in 24 hours recorded at any station in the district is detailed below:

YEAR STATION DATE

Highest rainfall received during the year in a day

(In mm.) 1980-81 Gummalaxmipuram 11-03-1981 90.0

1981-82 Bhogapuram 18-09-1981 219.0 1982-83 Viyyampeta(Kothavalsa) 17-10-1982 265.3 1983-84 Cheepurupalli 04-10-1983 155.4 1984-85 Bhogapuram 01-08-1984 115.0 1985-86 Nellimarla 12-07-1985 101.6 1986-87 Bhogapuram 12-08-1986 245.4

1987-88 Bhogapuram 04-11-1987 212.8 1988-89 Bobbili 13-09-1988 170.0 1989-90 Merakamudidam 11-05-1990 333.2 1990-91 Vepada 15-10-1990 114.0 1991-92 Bobbili 19-09-1991 205.8 1992-93 Seetanagaram 13-08-1992 115.0 1993-94 Cheepurupalli 31-07-1993 119.8

1994-95 Gummalaxmipuram 10-05-1995 186.4 1995-96 Denkada 10-10-1995 154.2 1996-97 Kothavalasa 02-10-1996 148.6 1997-98 Bondapalli 11-08-1997 127.4

1998-99 Mentada 04-10-1998 136.4 1999-00 Merakamudidam 08-09-1999 128.4

2000-01 Merakamudidam 15-08-2000 117.6 2001-02 Garividi 26-07-2001 105.8 2002-03 Badangi 13-06-2002 103.3 2003-04 Vizianagaram 07-10-2003 219.8 2004-05 S.Kota 03-07-2004 102.2 2005-06 Merakamudidam 01-11-2005 270.4

2006-07 Pusapatirega 04-08-2006 314.7 2007-08 Vizianagaram 22-06-2007 142.6 2008-09 Merakamudidam 15-09-2008 121.8 2009-10 Mentada 20-11-2009 224.8 2010-11 Kurupam 14-08-2010 173.0

2011-12 Seethanagaram 18-08-2011 136.6 2012-13 Vizianagaram 04-11-2012 194.6 2013-14 Pusapatirega 27-10-2013 273.4

While observing the past 33 years data, highest rainfall

recorded on 11-05-1990 at Merakamudidam station and the next highest recorded on 04-08-2006 at Pusapatirega station due to cyclone. The

rains received during the months of August and October, is much useful to the agricultural operations .

SOILS

The main soils in the District are Red soils, Sandy Loams and Sandy Clay and they constitute 96% of the total area. The soils in the District are predominantly loamy with medium fertility. There are mostly red loamy soils, as far as dry lands are concerned and clay loamy

in case of wet lands. The soils at some places are as thick as 4 Metres. It is likely that the thick soil cover might represent alluvium along the

valleys. Different types of rocks are in abundance in the District.

3. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSISTION

The Vizianagaram district extends over an area of 6539 Sq.

K.M. with a density of 344 persons per Sq. KM covering 1551 villages(1524 Rural villages+27 Villages included in 14 Towns), out of

which 68 are un-inhabited. The total No. of households in the district are 5,87,149 and the sex ration (Male to Female) is 1019. As per 2011

Census, literacy rate is 58.89 with literate population of 12.38 Lakhs, of

which male literates are 68.15 percent and 49.87 percent of female literates. The working population of the district is 9,53,215 of which

40.66 percent are main workers and 8.73 percent are Marginal workers. The population of non-workers are 11,86,512 which is 50.61 percent of the total population. Out of the total workers, cultivators are 2,12,285(9.5%), Agricultural labourers are 5,57,254(23.77%),

Household industry workers are 27,469(1.17%) and other workers are 3,60,954(15.40%).

The district can be divided into two different natural

divisions i.e., plains and hilly region and also into two Revenue divisions viz., Vizianagaram and Parvathipuram. The agency area of

Parvathipuram division covers 7 mandals, Pachipenta, Gummalaxmipuram mandals fully and Saluru, Makkuva,

Ramabhadrapuram, Parvathipuram and Komarada mandal partly. The total population of the district 23,44,474 as per 2011

Census consisting of 11,61,477 males and 11,82,997 Females. The increase in population during the decennium ending 2011 census over

2001 is 4.22 percent for the district as against 11.10 percent for the State. Out of the total population, the Scheduled Caste population is

118907 and Scheduled Tribe population is 108760 which comes to 10.58 and 10.07 percent respectively.

According to 2011 census, rural population of the district is

18.54 lakhs which comes to 79.10 percent, and the Urban population is 4.91 lakhs which comes to 20.95 percent of the total population. There are 14 towns in the district viz., Vizianagaram, Saluru, Parvathipuram Bobbili, Gajapathinagaram, Sreeramnagar, Cheepurupalli, Kothavalasa,

Thummikapalli, Kanapaka, Malicharla, Nellimarla, Jarjapupeta, and

Chintalavalasa. The first 4 towns are Municipalities and the rest are notified Panchayats. All these towns are in plain areas of the district.

PRIDE OF THE DISTRICT

A)WORSHIP PLACES

1. PYDITHALLI AMMAVARI TEMPLE

Pyditalli Ammavaru, a local Goddess situated in Vizianagaram

Town is very famous. ‘Special Festival of “Pyditalli Ammavaru” would be celebrated every year

on the next Tuesday of

Vijayadasami

called Sirumanu Festival. The

Chief priest of the temple is

taken around in a procession, perch- ed atop a 40 feet ‘Siriman’

(Ceremonial Post). The

devotees throw fruits at the

priest’s feet and seek his blessings

and he is believed

to respect the Goddess.

Goddess Pydimamba is the family deity of the Pusapati Kings

and according to folklore, Pydimamba was the sister of King Vijayarama

Raju who ruled Vizianagaram in the mid 18th century. She was a peace-

loving Princess and detested wars. Vijayarama Raju, the Pusapati King who

attacked the neighbouring kingdom of Bobbili, was assassinated by a loyal

chieftain of the defeated King of Bobbili after the war. On hearing the news

of Vijayarama Raju’s death, Pydimamba committed suicide. The same night

she appeared in the dreams of her guardian and asked him to fish out her

idol from the Pedda Cheruvu and install it in a temple, so that she could

constantly keep a watch over her family.

The idol was installed about 250 years ago and the people of

Vizianagaram have been worshipping her ever since.

2. RAMATIRTHAM

The village is situated in Nellimarla mandal at a

distance of 10 KM to the North East of Vizianagaram. It is one

of the holiest places in India, Ramtirtham, is a unique temple

where three major faiths - Jain, Buddhist and Hindu - are represented. The complex is spread over three hills - Bodi

Konda, Gurubhakta Konda and Durga Konda - containing Jain

and Buddhist relics. Commemorative seals, remains

of Chaityas (Prayer Halls) and

Stupas (Semi Circular Buildings), dating back to the

Buddhist period, have also been found here.

It is believed that these hills were the abode of Lord Rama

during his exile in the forest. The main temple is dedicated to Lord Rama

and is believed to have been consecrated by Yudhishtira, the eldest of the

Pandava Princes of the epic Mahabharat. 3. TRIPURANTAKA SWAMY TEMPLE

The Temple is

located in Vizianagaram

Town. Over a period

this temple was

forgotten and was lost

in a dense overgrown

forest. According to

folklore, the Pusapati

king had a dream in

1698 AD, in which he

was intimated about the

temple. After a through

search in the jungles,

the idols of Lord Rama,

Sita and Lakshmana

were found, and were

installed in the temple.

The Tripurantaka Swamy temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Legend states that the Pandavas prayed here and hid their weapons on a ‘Jami’ tree. The Jami tree at the Tripurantaka Swamy temple is considered to be holy for its miraculous properties. The temple is said to be thousands of years old. Folklore says that the local inhabitants tried to shift the

temple but they could not uproot the Shivalinga. Modern day geologists estimate that the Shivalinga extends more than 179 feet deep into the

earth. 4. JAGANNADHA SWAMY TEMPLE

The Temple is located in

Vizianagaram Town. The temple of Lord

Jagannadha situated in the coastal town

of Puri in Orissa is an important pilgrimage

site for the Hindus. As per traditions, replica of the idol of

Lord Jagannadha is immersed into the

sea every twelve years. The Maharaja

of Vizianagaram requested the priests

of Puri to permit him to bring the replica to Vizianagaram with the intent of installing the idols in a temple, but his request was denied. It is said that a

band of loyal followers of the Maharaja’s dived into the sea and retrieved the idol on the night of the immersion. This idol was brought to

Vizianagaram and installed in the Jagannadha Swamy temple.

5. GUMCHI TEMPLE

The Temple is

located in Vizianagaram Town. It is dedicated to

Lord Hanuman, the faithful disciple of Lord

Rama. In Hindu mythology, Hanuman was the son of the

Surya Deva (Sun God) and had features of a

monkey. He was a faithful devotee of Lord

Rama and helped him vanquish the demon

king Ravana.

The structure was originally built in 1713as a post for the guards to protect

a nearby lake ‘Amma Koneru’ (Mother Lake). It was converted to a temple

in the early 20th century when an idol of Lord Hanuman was found in a

nearby well. This is the only temple in India where the idol of Hanuman has

the paws of a monkey.

6. IBBILINGESWARA TEMPLE (SARIPALLI)

This temple is situated

in Saripalli Village in distance of 7

KM from Vizianagaram towards

North East. The beautiful and

ancient Ibbilingeswara temple

shows influence of the

architectural style prevalent

during the Kalinga period and is

situated on the banks of river

Champavati. The temple is

constructed with stones chiselled

perfectly to fit each other without

any bonding medium. Because of

its beauty, the local inhabitants

believe that, the temple was

constructed by the Gods. This

temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva

and is estimated to have been

constructed around 1000 AD

7. KUMILI TEMPLE

Kumili village

also known as Kumbilapuram, is situated in Denkada Mandal was one of

the first estates leased to the House

of Vizianagaram and was the capital of

Pusapati dynasty before it was shifted

to Vizianagaram. The temple at Kumili is

unusual in that it has

symbolic representations of Hinduism, Islam and Christianity within the

precincts. The entrance to the temple has carvings of prominent national leaders. Thus the temple is representative of all the major faiths as well as

the patriotic fervour of the country. The inner dome of the temple has

murals depicting stories from Ramayana. There are elaborate carvings on the pillar in the courtyard, which depict various Hindu Gods and

Goddesses.

8. KANYAKA PARAMESWARI TEMPLE


in Vizianagaram Town and it was

built in the year 1890 by the

Komatis (Trading community) in

the honour of a village girl

belonging to their community, who

committed suicide to protect her

honour. The temple was

constructed on the land donated by

the Maharaja of Vizianagaram.

9. VENU GOPALA SWAMY TEMPLE (Bobbili)

The House of

Bobbili was deeply religious. The temple

of the family deity – Venugopala Swamy

- had been in existence since

Bobbili was founded, but the present temple was built by Chinna Ranga Rao,

when he took over the reins of Bobbili

after the ill-fated war. It is located

close to the royal

residence and is the most revered temple

in Bobblili. The Gopuram (Entrance) was built

by Swetha Chalapati Ranga Rao in 1851.

It is the only temple in the region where

the Gopuram is higher than the main

temple. The base of the Gopuram is made of solid stone while the six

stories over it are made of stone and brick masonry. The base of the

Gopuram itself is approximately 9 meters high. On festive occasions, the

idols of the deities in the temple are adorned with jewellery made of gold

and precious stones, estimated to be worth millions of dollars.

The Vasant Mandapam stands aloof in the placid waters of a lake. The idol

from the temple of Lord Venugopala Swamy is brought to the lake annually to celebrate the onset of spring. Legend has it that the Lord enjoys a day

of solitude with his wife here. Post sojourn, the idol is installed in Dola Yatra Mandapam on the banks of the lake for a day and then carried back to the main temple. The mandapams were constructed by Maharaja Krishnadas Ranga Rao, in 1825.

10.SRI SANTHI KSHETRAM: Sri Santhi Kshetram is located in Gantlam village of Denkada Mandalam in Vizianagaram District. The Temple Lord Sri Vignanayaka Swamy, Lord Sri Srimatthiru Venkateswara Swamy and Godess Padmavathi Devi.The structure was built in2006-07(6.3.206 to 23.6.2007) by Sri Ballina Srihari Rao Chairman of Sri Santhi Group of companies in Gantlam Village of Denkada Mandal. It is 14 KM away from Vizianagaram and 6 KM away from NH.from Savaravilli village.

B) THE MONUMENTS

1. VIZIANAGARAM FORT

Vijayarama Raju-I laid the foundation of Vizianagaram fort in

1713 A.D. on the auspicious day of Vijaya Dashmi. The Victory arch was

the main entrance to the Vizianagaram fort prior to the construction of

Nagaar Khana. It has a temple of Lord Hanuman on one side and Goddess

Lakshmi on the other. The Goddess is also known as ‘Kota Shakti’ or the

guardian of the fort. The Raja of Vizianagaram would seek blessings of the

Goddess before embarking on any military expedition.

The main entrance to the fort is through the East Gate. Nagaar Khana is situated atop this gate. ‘Nagaara’ is an Indian percussion

instrument. A literal translation of ‘Nagaar Khana’ would mean ‘Drum Room’. It was used for drawing attention of the people for announcing

royal edicts. The drummer also used the Nagaara to announce and alert the inmates to the arrival of royal guests.

The West Gate is the rear entrance to the Vizianagaram fort. This gateway is built in Rajasthani style and has a viewing pavilion on top.

It connects the fort to the Pedda Cheruvu and to the royal tombs. As per Hindu customs and traditions, the deceased should be taken for cremation

only from the rear door of the household. The West Gate with the royal tombs close by served this purpose.

The fort was surrounded by a moat. The area between the west wall and the moat has been converted into a splendid park with well laid out gardens and lush green lawns by the present day administration.

2. GANTA STAMBHAM (Clock Tower)

During the British Raj, the Kings

of Vizianagaram made frequent

visits to London. The Big Ben in

London inspired them to make a

replica in the town. The Ghanta

Stambham (Clock Tower)

originally had a sandstone finish

with a white top and has now

been painted cream and red. This

68 feet high octagonal building

was built at a cost of only

Rs.5,400. in 1885 and is located

very close to the fort, right in the

heart of the city .

3. MOTI MAHAL

The Moti Mahal was constructed in 1869 by Vijayarama Raju-

III as the Maharaja’s court. The monument echoes memories of a grand

past wherein a resplendent king assisted by richly dressed courtiers held

court and administered the kingdom in their collective wisdom and

goodwill. The main door is decorated with two exquisite marble statues

which speak of the good taste as well as the wealth of the occupants. The

Moti Mahal is the main and most prominent building in the

Vizianagaram

fort. It was donated to the MANSAS Trust by Dr. P.V.G Raju. Today, it

serves the noble purpose of furthering education by housing a college

meant exclusively for women on the first floor. The link with its past is

maintained through a display of artifacts in a museum on the ground floor

of Moti Mahal.

4. OUDH KHANA

It offers a glimpse

into the fascinating style in

which the royalty of

Vizianagaram lived. It is an

octagonal stone structure,

which stands adjacent to the

Phool Bagh Palace. It was

built exclusively for the

Maharajah to bathe. It is a 50

feet high stone structure with

spiral steps leading to the

water tank on top to which

water was pumped from a

nearby well

5. ALAKANANDA PALACE

The Alaknanda Palace was built in 1857 for the royal guests. This opulent palace

provided its occupants with all comforts of life in the lap of natural and man-made

beauty. The area around the palace is well laid out with walkways and gardens. A

runway, built in the grounds, enabled the royal visitors to alight straight from their

aircraft into the palace. At present, the Alaknanda Palace is used as the

headquarters of the 5th

Battalion of the Andhra Pradesh Armed Reserve Police.

6. KORUKONDA PALCE

A little further away from Alakananda palace, the Korukonda Palace stands

majestically amidst open playgrounds and well-laid gardens. The Palace and the

surrounding 1,000 acres of land have been developed into a premier educational

institution by the Indian Navy, which runs a school for children aspiring to join the

armed forces.

7. PERLA HOME

The Perla Vari home was also built in 1895 and is one of the best-preserved old buildings in the city. It was the first building to have

electricity in the region. Amongst other things, the master bedroom of their

house boasted of a bed covered with silver. The building had an attached library that is still functional. The main hall is adorned with beautiful

chandeliers and period furniture brought from Europe as well as numerous

artifacts collected from all over the world.

8. BOBBILI FORT

The founder of House of Bobbili, Pedda Rayudu, was the 15th

descendant of the Rajas of Venkatagiri. He came into the area as part of the contingent of Golconda Fauzdar Sher (Tiger) Mohammad Khan. He

founded the town, built a fort, and named it Pedda Puli (Great Tiger) after the name of his patron. With the passage of time, the name was corrupted

to Pebbuli, Bebbuli and finally Bobbili. The town was almost wiped out during the war against Vizianagaram, which ended in the tragic massacre.

Though no remnants exist of the original Bobbili fort, there are

numerous palaces which serve as residence for the royal family. The

Durbar Mahal was built in 1893 as a meeting hall where the Raja held his court and received royal emissaries. Two stone elephants stand guard on

either side of the steps leading to the ‘Durbar’. Today, the first floor houses a museum of various artifacts pertaining to the Bobbili of yore, while the

lower floor is used as the office.

9. RAJ MAHAL

The Bobbili Rajas built a

number of palaces to lavish

hospitality on their guests. The

Raj Mahal, also known as the

Chikkavaram Guest House, is

one such palace. It is situated in

isolated splendour

on the outskirts of modern day town.

Visitors to the palace have to

traverse a long driveway to reach the palace premises. It was built in

1888 by Maharaja Venkata Swetha Chalapati Ranga Rao.

10. BOBBILI GUEST HOUSE

Another visible symbol of

royal propensity for expenditure

on magnificent

buildings can be seen in the form

of the Guest House which

was built by the Raja of Bobbili in 1920, originally as a wedding

gift for his son.

The building was designed as a leisure resort and had ample recreational

facilities for royal indulgence. It also has a beautiful garden spread over

acres of land. The four minarets and the central dome of the Guest House

are a prominent landmark of Bobbili. The two adjacent outhouses served

as servants’ quarters and the kitchen.

C) PLACES OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE

1. VIZIANAGARAM

It is the district headquarters. It is an important Railway junction on the East Coast Railway and connects Raipur-Vizianagaram line

with the Howrah-Madras line. It was the capital of Rajahs of Vizianagaram who yield power from 17th Century AD. The town contains magnificent Fort

which depicts the past glory of these Rajahs. This is a place of historical importance and it attained great prominence in the past and centre of arts

and culture under the patronage of the enlighting in the ruling family of Vizianagaram. Many of the existing Educational and Cultural Institutions at

the place had their origin from the time of Rajahs of Vizianagaram

Maharaja college was the second Degree College in the Composite Madras State covering the entire South India dating back to

1857. It was started by Vijayarama Raju-III as a middle school to promote modern education in Vizianagaram and was upgraded to a college

in 1871. The college came under the aegis of MANSAS in 1958,. The

centenary celebrations of the college were held in 1971 and were inaugurated by His Excellency V.V.Giri, the then President of India.

Besides other educational institutions, a Music College and a

Sanskrit College are functioning in the town. The Music College established in 1919 by Vijaya Rama Raju with Adibatla Narayanadas as Principal, with

the express purpose of promoting Classical music, Vocal, Veena, Violin, Mrudangam, Nadaswaram and Harikatha were taught. Students from all

over the state and also from Southern states like Tamilnadu and Kerala came and joined in the Music College. Sri Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao,

Saluru Rajeswara Rao and Smt.P.Suseela, famous cinema singers came

from this college and served the country through their concerts and renowned like a shining stars.

Sanskrit College is a major seat oriental learning devoted to the study of Vedas and their interpretation. It was established by Vijayarama Raju-III who had spent a part of his life amidst Sanskrit Scholars at Varanasi. He has established a Sanskrit School in

Vizianagaram in 1860 AD, which was later upgraded to a college in 1900. The first principal of the college, Kilambi Ramanujachari was a great

Sanskrit Scholar of those times. At its inception, the college was attached to the Beneras Hindu University, but in 1926 it became affiliated to

regional Andhra University.

Vizianagaram is one of the centres of cultural development in the State. The temple of “Pyditalli Ammavaru”, a local Goddess situated

in the town is very famous. Special Festival of ‘Pyditalli Ammvru’ called Sirimanu Festival would be celebrated every year on the next Tuesday of

Vijayadasami. The celebrations are being inaugurated by the Rajahs of

Vizianagaram. The natives of the town settled elsewhere come back to their town during this period and the city bears a joyous look with welcome

arches, performing stages and decorations all over the place during the period.

2. BOBBILI

Bobbili is situated at a distance of 63 KMs away from

Vizianagaram. One Lingappa, son of Pedda Rayudu, 15th descendent of Rajahs of Venkatagiri, selected this place as his headquarters, built a Fort, naming it as Bebbuli(Peddapuli) as a compliment to his patron, Sher Mohammad Khan, fauzdar of Chicacole, from whom obtained the Rajam

area. Due to the efflux of time, it gradually came to be called Pebbuli, Bebbuli and finally Bobbili. It is an important railway junction on the

Raipur-Vizianagaram line.

It is also associated

with the historic battle fought against the Rajahs

of Vizianagaram and French on one side and Rajahs of Bobbili on the other on 24th January,

1757. To commemorate this tragic event, the war

Memorial erected in the year 1758 AD at the place

where the actual battle took place by the Rajahs

of Bobbili can still be seen

towards the North East on the out skirts of the town

The Bobbili town is famous for the manufacturing of Veenas carved

by the sculptures located in Gollapalli(v) near the Town. Nearly 300

households of this village involved in the preparation of Veenas for their livelihood for the last 100 years. One single piece of Panasa and Sampangi

wood is being used for its preparation by the sculptures. There is also a famous Venugopala Swamy temple in the middest of

the Town

3. SALURU

Saluru, the headquarters of the Mandal is situated at a distance of 60 KMs from Vizianagaram Town. The Jeypore-Vizianagaram bus

services of Orissa State pass through this town, providing quick transport and communication facilities even to the agency areas. Owing to its

strategic situation and proximity of important markets such as Viskhapatnam and Vizianagaram, it gives a stimulus to trade and provides

an out let to the marketable surplus, particularly of the agency areas. This

town can therefore be considered as the gateway of the export of all the produce from the agency areas and northern States of Orissa and Madhya

Pradesh to the important markets. The NH43 is passing through the town and most of the people living in the town are depending upon motor

transport industry and agriculture. The most important institution at this place is the Veda Samajam Sanskrit High School, which was established in

1888 AD. Saluru is the second largest Municipality in the district.

4. GOVINDAPURAM

It is situated in Puspatirega Mandal at a distance of 30 KMs from Vizianagaram. Amongst the modern temples in the district, the

‘Geeta Bhavan’ at Govindapuram deserves special mention. It is a beautifully built monument in the form of Chariot, which attracts a large number of piligrims. It has a spiritual prayer cum meditation hall where

the people come to gain spiritual solace. This village is nearer to Chintapalli sea shore, where light house was constructed by French.

5. THOTAPALLI

This village is situated at a distance of about 8 KMs from

Parvathipuram Town in Garugubilli mandal. This is famous for Sri Venkateswara Swamy and Sri Rama Temple on the banks of the river, Nagavali. It attracts a good number of pilgrims from both within and outside the district.

6. GARIVIDI

Garividi, alias Shreeramnagar is situated at a distance of 5 KMs

from Cheepurupalli Town and 23 KMs from Vizianagaram and this place became prominent after the establishment of Ferro Manganese plant. The

Ferro Alloys Corporation Industry located in the town utilizing the Manganese ore available in and around this place to convert into

Manganese is exported from there to the foreign countries.

7. GOSTHANI SAROVAR VIHAR

It is situated at Thatipudi Reservoir at a distance of 20 KMs

from Vizianagaram. Earlier, a reservoir called Tatipudi Reservoir was constructed on the Gosthani river. This place has been named as “Gostani

Sarovar Vihar” and several measures like Boat facility and cottages etc., are taken to attract the tourists. On its full development, it is expected

that this may be considered as an important tourist centre in the district.

8. PUNYAGIRI

It is situated at a distance of 3

KMs from S.Kota, the mandal

headquarters.

Sri Dara-

gangamma and Sivalayam is the

ancient temple, which is situated on the hill known as “Punyagiri” in the

vally of Eastern Ghats at a height of

1000 ft. above the sea level.

The place is known for its mean water falls and valleys with beautiful surroundings of nature. On the right side of the way to hill, there is another waterfall known as “Chinaputtudara” which is said to be eminate

from the idol and develops as natural spring. There are pathways leading to surrounding tribal villages from the Punyagiri hill. Large number of

devotees and piligrims congregate for 3 days on the occasion of Mahasivaratri festival for worship and fulfillment of vows.

Folklore states that the Pandavas stayed in this forest during their “vanavas” or exile. The Shivalingam in the Punyagiri temple is

washed by the waters of a near by perennial spring. Traditionally after

cremation of the dead, the ashes from the funeral pyre are scattered in this spring and “astikalu” pooja is performed here to provide solace to the soul of the departed.

9. DHARMAVARAM

It is situated at a distance of about 6 KMs from S.Kota mandal headquarters. It is the seat of Sanyasayya, a disciple of Lord Shiva. Sri

Sanyaseswara Swamy temple is situated amidst the fields of the village locally known as “Pagoda”. The idol of Siva in this place is not in the shape

of Lingam, but in the shape of Eswara which is ‘Svayambhu’. Bestowing the issue is believed to be the power of Sanyasayya. The barren couple

proceed to the place on Monday morning, after bathing in a tank near the Pagoda and adorning themselves with whatever ornaments they have, they

go into the Pagoda where a man of the Jangam Caste serves as Poojari.

He makes Pooja of Sanyasayya with flowers in the name and on behalf of every women in attendance. After the pooja is over, a flower drops down

from the idol, it is reckoned as an auspicious sign. Persons bearing the names of Sanyasi, Sanyasayya, Jogi, Jogayya, Ramajogi etc., are always

understood to have been born under the favour of Sanyasayya Swamy. The villagers of the area get the deity anointed “Abhishekam” with milk

supplied by them on every Monday. Maha Sivaratri festival is celebrated on a grand scale for 5 days during which devotees throng in large

numbers. 10. SAMBARA

Sambara village is situated near by Makkuva mandal headquarters. Sri Polamamba Ammavari temple is situated in the village.

It is as famous as Pydithalli Ammavaru at Vizianagaram. A Jatara is

celebrated in honor of Sri Polamamba in the second week of January and Lakhs of people to be attended from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram,

Visakhapatnam and West Godavari districts and also from Orissa. Gomukhi river is passing through this village.

D) THE PEOPLE

The people of Vizianagaram are peaceful and hospitable. The

district has a rich heritage and occupies a central place in the world of

Telugu art and culture. It boasts of many great luminaries who have been torchbearers in their respective fields and the region proud. The details of

important personalities are detailed below:

1. GURAJADA APPA RAO (1862-1960)

The most celebrated

son of Vizianagaram is Gurujada Appa Rao. He is

known as the ‘Morning Star’

of Telugu literature, and is the most celebrated modern

Telugu writer. He took it upon himself to take the

Telugu culture closer to people by promoting what

he called ‘Veduka Bhasha’(People’s Language).

Before his advent, most of the literary works were

written in Sanskrit.

Gurujada lived most of his life in and around

Vizianagaram. His father

was employed in the service of the Maharaja.

The budding poet did his schooling in the city under the patronage of the

then principal of Maharaja College, Chandrashekhara Sastry. Post matriculation he worked as a teacher in Maharaja High School. On

completing his graduation in 1886, Gurujada Appa Rao worked as head clerk in the Deputy Collector’s office. He joined as a lecturer in Maharaja

College in 1887.

Gurujada’s celebrated drama ‘Kanya Sulkam’ was staged for the first time in 1892 and became an instant hit. It was the first Telugu

drama written in spoken rather than scholarly language. The drama expressed Gurujada’s personal crusade against the social evils such as

child marriage and dowry. Throughout his life, he continued to enrich the Telugu literature and society by his writings. He died on 30-11-

1915

2. ADIBATLA NARAYANADAS (1864-1945)

One of the most

respected figures is Adibatla

Narayandas, known amongst

the Telugu speaking populace

as ‘Harikatha Pitamaha’

(Grandfather of Harikatha).

He was a prodigal son of

Vizianagaram who was a

versatile genius in poetry,

music and dance.

Adibatla’s mastery of English, Persian, Sanskrit and

Telugu were his biggest assets. He has composed songs and verses in all these

languages. He has translated Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat

from Persian to Telugu. His understanding of Hindustani

and Carnatic music enabled him to compose songs that

still resound in the Andhra country. He was also the

court poet of Vizianagaram. Amongst his works are innumerable

Harikathas like ‘Rukmini Kalyanam’, ‘Janaki Sapadham’, ‘Prahlada Charitram’ etc. His ‘Nava Rasa Tarangi’ is a translation and comparison of

Shakespeare with Kalidasa in Telugu. He was appreciated by Ravindranadha Tagore for his excellency in Harikatha.

3. DWARAM VENKATASWAMY NAIDU

He was born into a family of musicians in 1893. His

inherent talent on violin earned him the sobriquet of ‘Fiddle Naidu’ at a

tender age of 14. In 1919, he was invited to join as Professor of Violin in

the Vizianagaram College of Music at a young age of 25 years. He became

the college principal after the retirement of Adibatla Narayandas in 1936.

Dwaram was considered to be a gifted innovator

by the other musicians of

his days. With his extraordinary skills and talent, he proved that the violin could be used

to play Carnatic Music at par with other traditional

instruments like Veena.He was known for his

extremely well developed soft bowing technique

combined with a firm fingering technique. The

sweetness of his violin impressed even legends

like Yehudi Menuhin and

Rabindranath Tagore. He was awarded many titles

including the ‘Sangeetha Kalanidhi’ by Madras

Music Academy in 1941, and the ‘Padma Shree’ by.

the Government of India

in 1959.

His musical compositions are popular even today. Many well known poets have written lyrics to his compositions. He died in the year 1964

4. KODI RAMA MURTHY NAIDU (1897-1934)

Kodi Rama Murthy Naidu an excellent wrestler was born in

1885. He worked as Physical Education Teacher in Branch

College in Vizianagaram. He was also called the ‘Kaliyuga Bheema’

was famous for his physical prowess. He got profound knowledge in Vayu stambana and Jala stambana. He displayed his

phenomenal strength in different parts of the world and performed

before King George V, during the British Emperor’s visit to India in

1911. It is said that amongst his

many feats, he could pull a rail engine with his teeth, have a road

roller or an elephant go over his chest, and break iron chains with his bare hands. He was awarded with “Indian Sando” for his

excellence. There were many attempts to kill him due to professional rivalry and he was poisoned to

death in 1934.