Chicago StyleFootnoting and Citing

1 Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper. (never start over with 1)

2 Footnote numbers are always inserted after punctuations.

3 First time you cite a source, YOU will include FULL CITATION.

4 Cite author’s names as they appear in the texts.

“The project [of modernity] amounted to an extraordinary intellectual effort on the part of Enlightenment thinkers to develop objective science, universal morality and law, and autonomous art according to their inner logic.”1 Science, so the story went, stood as inherently objective inquiry that could reveal truth—universal truth at that. Enlightenment thinkers, such as Kant, believed in the “universal, eternal, and . . . immutable qualities of all of humanity”;4 by extension, “equality, liberty, faith in human intelligence . . . and universal reason” were widely held beliefs and seen as unifying forces.5

1. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1990), 12.

Ibid(in the same place)

If your second reference to a text comes immediately after the first, use “Ibid” in place of the author’s name and the book title.

Include the page number if it is different from that listed in the first reference

“The project [of modernity] amounted to an extraordinary intellectual effort on the part of Enlightenment thinkers to develop objective science, universal morality and law, and autonomous art according to their inner logic.”1 Science, so the story went, stood as inherently objective inquiry that could reveal truth—universal truth at that. Enlightenment thinkers, such as Kant, believed in the “universal, eternal, and . . . immutable qualities of all of humanity”;2 by extension, “equality, liberty, faith in human intelligence . . . and universal reason” were widely held beliefs and seen as unifying forces.3

1. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1990), 12.

2. Ibid.3. Ibid., 13.

Subsequent Reference

If you use a source again in your footnotes, but it is not directly after the complete citation .

Author’s last name, title in shortened form, page number.

“The project [of modernity] amounted to an extraordinary intellectual effort on the part of Enlightenment thinkers to develop objective science, universal morality and law, and autonomous art according to their inner logic.”1 Science, so the story went, stood as inherently objective inquiry that could reveal truth—universal truth at that. Enlightenment thinkers, such as Kant, believed in the “universal, eternal, and . . . immutable qualities of all of humanity”;2 …….It is now asked at present if we live in an enlightened age, the answer is no, but we do live in an age of enlightenment.3 Later modernists began to acknowledge the fragmentation, ambiguity and larger chaos that characterized modern life4 but, perhaps ironically, only so they might better reconcile their disunified state.

1. David Harvey, “Modernity and Modernism,” in The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1990), 12.2. Ibid.3. Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?,” in Perpetual Peace and Other Essays, trans. Ted Humphrey ( Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983), 41.4. Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity, 22.

1 Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper.

2 Footnote numbers are always inserted after punctuations.

3 First time you cite a source, YOU will include FULL CITATION.

4 Cite author’s names as they appear in the texts.

1.Type out the text you wish to footnote.2.Put your curser at the end behind the

punctuation3.Click on Reference click insert footnote 4.This should jump you to the bottom of the

page where you enter your citation information.

5.When you get to the next space you want to insert a footnote follow instruction (1-4).

Footnoting in Word

DifferencesFrom MLA to Chicago

In Chicago Style citations you use commas not periods to separate items.

In Chicago Style you put author’s first name and last name. MLA is author’s

last name, first name.

Citing Print Book

Use for first citation

Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100.

Author’s Name, Book Title, (Place of publication, Publisher, copyright), Pages.

One Author

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

Pollan, Omnivore’s Dilemma, 3.

Two or more Author

Use for first citation

Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2007), 52.

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

Ward and Burns, War, 59–61.

Citing Editor, Translator, Or Compiler

Use for first citation

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.

Editor/Translator/Compiler name, Book Title, (Place of publication: publisher, copyright date), pages.

Lattimore, Iliad, 24.

Citing Website SourceAuthor if available, “Name of Article,” Name of the website,

accessed date (month,day, year,) URL.

Use for first citation

“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, accessed July 19, 2008, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

“Toy Safety Facts.”

Citing a Print ArticleAuthor’s Name, “Article Name,” Journal Name Volume

(copyright): page #.

Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s Republic,” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440.

Use for first citation

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

Weinstein, “Plato’s Republic,” 452–53.

Citing On-Line Journal SourceCite JSTOR, database or Ejournal article

Author’s Name, “Name of Article,” Name of Journal Volume #,

no. issue # (copyright date): Page #(s), Access date,

DOI or URL.

Use for first citation

Use the rest of time if not using IBID

Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.

Kossinets and Watts, “Origins of Homophily,” 439.

Difference Print and Online Journal

Date accessed

DOI or URL

Source to HELP!Chicago Manual of Style- http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

Purdue Owl: Chicago Style https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/04/

University of Washington Chicago Style Citing Hand Out http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=chicago+style+citing+handout&ei=UTF-8&fr=moz35