Chevron OLGA User Meeting
-
Upload
mohamed-hushain -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Chevron OLGA User Meeting
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
1/80
Mu t p ase F ow anFlow AssuranceOl a Users Meetin
Sam KashouETC Flow Assurance, MCP Team
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
2/80
Safety Moment
Ensure safety devices are in place and functioning.
2
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
3/80
Objective
To give a high level overview of Flow
Assurance in Multiphase Flow
fluid faces while flowing insidewe ores, pipe ines, an risers, etc.
have.
3
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
4/80
What i sFlow Assurance
The ability toproduce and transport
in an economically and technically
.
Designing and operating the productionand transportation systems to manage
challenges to the flow throughout the
e e.
4
Flow Assurance = Cash Flow Assurance
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
5/80
Identify FA drivers that will influenceconcep se ec on
Identify technology gaps & developso u ons
Ensure preferred concept is feasible froma perspec ve
Ensure preferred concept can be
opera e sa e y an e ec ve y
5
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
6/80
What could happen if Flow AssuranceStudies are not performed?
6
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
7/80
Hydrate Blockage and RemediationOffshore Pipeline (plug can be many meters
long and in many sections of line)
Due to improper MEG dosage to prevent hydrates
7
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
8/80
Hydrate Blockage Offshore
8
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
9/80
Wax in Pipeline
9
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
10/80
Napthenates
10
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
11/80
Asphaltenes
11
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
12/80
SluggingTest Separator Liquid Rates, Feb 7
1000
1200
1400
ate,m3/d
400
600
800
tSeparatorL
iquid
0
200
8500 8510 8520 8530 8540 8550 8560
Time, minutes
Te
12
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
13/80
Explosion, Fire
I t Co u l d be due to internal pipe corrosionand lack of corrosion monitoring
13
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
14/80
Is this Flow Assurance?Overloaded Donkey (cant move, therefore cantflow - gravity dominated flow)
14
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
15/80
Flow Assurance Activities
SYSTEM
SAMPLING
SOLIDS
FORMATION
DESIGN
PARAMETERS
HYDRAULIC
MODELINGSTRATEGIES
HYDRATES DIAMETERSMULTIPHASE
FLOW
BOUNDARIES
STARTUP &
ANALYSES WAX
ASPHAL- CHEMICAL
SLUGGING
SHUTDOWN
FLUID
MODELING
TENES
SCALE
INJECTION
TOPSIDES
THERMAL
MODELINGINTER-
15
EQUIPMENT VENTION
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
16/80
The Flow Assurance Challenge
16
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
17/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
IDENTIFY AND
ASSESSOPPORTUNITY
GENERATE AND
SELECTALTERNATIVE(S)
DEVELOP
PREFERREDALTERNATIVE(S)
EXECUTE OPERATE ANDEVALUATE
17
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
18/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED WITHTHE PROJECT WORKSCOPE?
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
ASSESS
OPPORTUNITY
Fluid Sampling Program
Reservoir Fluids
Water Samples
Plan Fluid Testing Program
Measure Key Fluid Properties
PVT Data
Water Composition
H drate
18
Wax & Asphaltenes
Scale
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
19/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED WITHTHE PROJECT WORKSCOPE?
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
SELECT
ALTERNATIVE(S)
Flow Assurance Activities
Perform any additional
experimental testing e ne u property pre ct ons
Steady state hydraulics ofconcepts
of concepts
System deliverability
Preliminar FA Miti ation lan
19
Input to subsea facilities design
work
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
20/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED WITHTHE PROJECT WORKSCOPE?
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
PREFERRED
ALTERNATIVE(S)
Flow Assurance Activities
Continue experimental work if
needed p ate re nement o pre erre
concept(s) using
Details of subsea facilities
Refine transient simulations
Updates of FA MitigationStrate
20
Development of Subsea
Operating Philosophy
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
21/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED WITHTHE PROJECT WORKSCOPE?
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
EXECUTE
Flow Assurance Activities
Major flow assurance related
tasks complete
Selection / compatibility of
treating chemicals
Operating procedures
Start-up & commissioning
21
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
22/80
HOW ARE FLOW ASSURANCE STUDIES INTEGRATED WITHTHE PROJECT WORKSCOPE?
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5
OPERATE AND
EVALUATE
ow ssurance c v es
Provide support to operations as
needed: Modifications to chemical
selection Program
Support of processing
z Separation
z Naphthenates
22
Blockage remediation issues
Optimize production
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
23/80
FLOW ASSURANCE Spectrum
ReservoirFluids S stem
u p ase
Flow
Integration
Solids Injection
FlowInternal Operability
Assuranceorros on
Thermal
23
Sand
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
24/80
FLOW ASSURANCE Spectrum (1)
(1) Reservoir Fluids
, ,
(2) Multiphase Flow
z Rheology, flow modeling
z Pressure loss, diameter of tubing & flowlines
z ugg ng an qu surge
(3) Solids
z Hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, naphthenates, etc.
z Flow restrictions or blockages
24
(4) Internal Corrosion
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
25/80
FLOW ASSURANCE Spectrum (2)
(5) Emulsions
(6) Sand
z Sand transport / deposition
z Erosion
erma anagemen
z Insulation, heating
25
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
26/80
FLOW ASSURANCE Spectrum (3)
(8) System Operability
zVarious operating modes: normaloperation, shutdown, startup, well
testing, turndown/rampup, pigging,
etc.
(9) Chemical Injection
(10) System Integration
26
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
27/80
(1) RESERVOIR FLUIDS
Hydrocarbons
z Saturates / Paraffins /
Alkanes
z Aromatics THERE CAN BE THOUSANDSOF DIFFERENT MOLECULESIN A RESERVOIR FLUID
z es ns
z Asphaltenes
-
z Water
z Mineral salts
z CO2, H2S, mercaptans, N2,
He
THIS LEADS TO COMPLEXFLUID BEHAVIOR
WHICH CAN BE DIFFICULT TO
27
z Metals
z Microorgansims
ANALYZE AND PREDICT
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
28/80
RESERVOIR FLUIDS
Form the Basis for Flow Assurance and other
design work; Fl o w A s s u r a n c e w o r k i s a s
g o o d a s t h e Re se r v o i r F l u i d Sam p l i n g
a n d A n a l y s i s .
PVT Pressure, Vo ume, Temperature
z Describes the thermodynamic relationship between pressure,
volume, and temperature for all phases
Phase Behavior
z Phase refers to the state of matter: gas, liquid, solid,
z ,
relative quantities of each phase
Fluid Properties
28
z Parameters related to solids formation
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
29/80
RESERVOIR FLUIDS
PHASE ENVELOPE
300
350
RESERVOIR
Highest possibletemperature andpressure for which
250
LIQUID
CRITICAL POINT
CRICONDENBAR
s nc qu orgas phases can beobserved
200
ssure
(bara
)
CRICONDENTHERM
WELLHEAD
CHOKEFLOWLINE/
PIPELINE
100
Pr
TWO PHASE REGION
50
VAPOR
DEW POINT CURVE
TOPSIDES SEPARATOR
29
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Temperature (C)
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
30/80
RESERVOIR FLUIDS
Sampling
F
Separator
F
Liquid Sampling Port
Downhole Sampling Tool
30
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
31/80
(2) MULTIPHASE FLOW
Multiphase flow is the simultaneous flow of
multiple fluid phases (gas, oil, and water) inside a
flow device.
The flow device can be:
z Reservoir
z Wellbore
z Flowlines
z Risers
31
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
32/80
Quiz: What is a Pipeline?
zA i eline is a lon hole surrounded b
metal concentric with hole,
zO.D. of all pipes must exceed the I.D.
otherwise the hole will be on the outside,
PipelinezAll pipe is to be hollow throughout
blockageen re eng , as o , gas, an wa er canbe added on site.
32
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
33/80
MULTIPHASE FLOW
Flow Regimes in Pipes
, ,
stability, slug catcher sizing, etc.
Dispersed Bubble Flow Annular Flow
Slug Flow Stratified Flo
33
Fl R i i Pi li
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
34/80
Flow Regimes in Pipelines
-
- -
Various Flows
34
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
35/80
Flow Regimes in Pipelines,Severe Slugging
35
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
36/80
MULTIPHASE FLOW
Holdup (HL)
.
z Due to slip HL > fraction of liquid due to phase
behavior
Gas
~50% Liquid Holdup
Liquid
36
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
37/80
MULTIPHASE FLOW
Holdup, this is very real
Gas Condensate Liquid Holdup Example
PIPESIM Plot Mar 17 2001
60000
40000
50000
ldu
p(bbl)
Gas
Li uid
20000
30000
lLiquid
Ho
Gas
0
10000Tot
Liquid
37
PIPESIM for Windows Baker Jardine & Associates, London
Stock-tank Gas at Outlet (MMSCFD)
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
38/80
(3) SOLIDS
Hydrates
Scale
Asphaltenes
Calcium Naphthenates
38
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
39/80
HYDRATES
Ice that burns
39
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
40/80
HYDRATES
Water molecules
Methaneguest molecule
40
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
41/80
HYDRATES
Subcooling Definition250
200Design
PressureSubcooling or Temperature Depression
150
ure
(bara
)
Hydrate Zone100
Pres
Design Temperature
Hydrate Free
0
41
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
42/80
HYDRATES
Hydrate prevention - Chemical Inhibitors
f Methanol
f yco s , , , o ers
Salt (brine)
z Low dosage (a.k.a. LDHI)
f Anti-agglomerants (prevents accumulation)
f Kinetic inhibitors (delay nucleation)
42
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
43/80
HYDRATES
Hydrate prevention
above hydrate formation conditions)f Insulation
f Active heating
z
z Low pressure operation (maintain pressure below
hydrate formation conditions)
43
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
44/80
WAX / PARAFFINS
Wide range of high molecular
weight paraffins (alkanes or
saturated hydrocarbons)
Slightly soluble in oil
Solidify from oil primarily
due to a decrease in temperature
44
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
45/80
WAX / PARAFFINS
As wax solidifies from oil, there are
zWax deposition on tubing and pipe walls
during normal flow
z Gelling of the oil during shutdown
z Increases in viscosity due to wax
articles sus ended in the oil
45
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
46/80
WAX / PARAFFINS
Wax Management
z Pigging
z Chemical injection
z Insulation
z c ve ea ng
z Operating procedures
46
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
47/80
Pigging
- -
47
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
48/80
SCALE
A deposit of inorganic mineral compounds
48
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
49/80
SCALE
Scale formation and deposition occurs due to:
z Mixing of different waters
z Corrosion
Deposition can occur in t e:
z Formation
z Wellbore
z Flowlines
49
z Process equipment
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
50/80
SCALE
Scale can be managed by:
zPrevent deposition using chemical
inhibitors
zPre-treatment to remove scale
zAllow scale to form and periodically
remove it
50
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
51/80
ASPHALTENES
What are Asphaltenes?
,
z Defined by solubility
What is a Colloidal System?
z Dispersion of one phase in a continuous phase
z Example: Milk fat in water
51
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
52/80
ASPHALTENES
Causes of Asphaltenes deposition
z Gas lifting
Asphaltenes can deposit
z Formation, wellbore
tubing, flowlines,
and to sides
Courtesy of Baker Petrol itCourtesy of Baker Petrol it
Asphaltenes can
cause emulsion As halteneAs haltene
52
problems depositiondeposition
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
53/80
ASPHALTENES
Asphaltenes Control
z Inhibitors
prevent asphaltene deposition
orma y n ec e a e o om o e
well
53
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
54/80
CALCIUM NAPHTHENATES
Naphthenates are a solid that forms from a
reaction between calcium in produced water and
naphthenic acid in oil
Found in some West African and North Sea fields
High TAN oils (TAN = total acid number)
54
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
55/80
(4) INTERNAL CORROSION
Corrosion can occur inside a pipe any time water
is present
Corrosion is accelerated by the presence of O2
,
CO2, or H2S (sour)
Pipeline failures are a big
potential liability
Corrosion prevention
z Chemical inhibitors
z
Protective coatings, corrosion resistant alloysz Limit flow rates / velocities
55
z Other
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
56/80
(5) EMULSIONS
Emulsions are complex mixtures of immiscible
liquids consisting of a dispersed liquid in a
continuous liquid phase
Water-in-oil emulsions
z Most common in crude oil systems
z Exists in water cuts as hi h as 80%
Oil-in-water emulsions
Increased viscosity
56
Separation problems
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
57/80
EMULSIONS
Viscosity
A3WCMU14Albacore-Leste Oil -Brine Fluid
2500100
o
F
Flow Velocity2 ft/sec.
Fluid Temperature
osity,cP2000
120
o
F
110oF
FluidVis
1000
1500
130oF
500
140oF
57
Water-Cut, %
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
58/80
(6) SAND
Belongs on the beach
58
SAND
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
59/80
SandSAND
Small quantities of sand are typically produced from oil
and gas reservoirs
Sand can have detrimental impacts on production
z Erosion
z Increase corrosion
z Can form restrictions or plugging
can se e n ops es equ pmen
Sand transport
be defined for sand transport
59
SAND P di ti d M it i
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
60/80
SandSAND Prediction and Monitoring
Prediction in design phase
z ore ana ys s we es a a
z Erosion & solids transport modeling
Continuous or periodic monitoring for sand
-
If a well begins to produce significant sand, then
z
z Permanently shut-in
z Operate at reduced flow rate
60
SAND D t ti
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
61/80
SandSAND Detection
Subsea sand detectors are commercially
available
zIntrusive
zAcoustic
61
S dSAND Detection
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
62/80
SandSAND Detection
62
(7) THERMAL MANAGEMENT
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
63/80
(7) THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Why are we interested in thermal
mana ement?
zMany of the potential solids are
hydrates and wax
z significantly) with decreasing temperature
z Insulation keep the heat you have
63
z Active heating add energy
THERMAL MANAGEMENT
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
64/80
THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Insulation
z Flowlines
z Subsea equipment
64
Pipeline Insulation Manufacturing
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
65/80
Pipeline Insulation Manufacturing
65
(8) OPERABILITY
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
66/80
(8) OPERABILITY
Development of Operating Philosophies,
Strate ies and eventuall Procedures
Integration of Flow Assurance into system
Definition of operating boundaries/ranges
Consider various modes of operation
O erational monitorin
Intervention requirements
66
GENERAL OPERABILITY STRATEGIES
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
67/80
GENERAL OPERABILITY STRATEGIES
For Life Cycle
zSteady State Operations (line sizes,
pressure and temperature drops,
flow rates, etc.)
(Production Start-up, Planned Shut-
, u - , , .
67
(9) CHEMICAL INJECTION
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
68/80
(9) CHEMICAL INJECTION
Chemicals are needed to control a number of
potential solids and production chemistry
concerns
Chemical compatibility
Chemical Injection Design Philosophy
z Chemical performance testing
z Operation monitoring
68
CHEMICAL INJECTION
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
69/80
CHEMICAL INJECTION
STORAGE
Example Chemical Injection Layout
TANK
PUMPFILTER
FLOWMETER
FLOWCONTROL
VALVE
M TUTA UMBILICAL
SUBSEA TREE
SUTAFLYINGLEADS
69
Introduction(10) SYSTEM INTEGRATION
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
70/80
Introduction( 0) S S G O
Consider all components of production
z Reservoir, wells, subsea equipment,ow nes, r sers, ops es process ng
facilities, control and umbilical
, .
Consider interaction of all components
Address design interfaces
70
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
71/80
Emulsions/ Foaming
Advanced MPF Modeling
Corrosion ControlAsphaltene Control
Wax Control
Hydrate Control
MP Flow Improvement Scale Control
71
Integrated Production System Model
Systems World WideExisting and to be Developed
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
72/80
g p
Field Country Length Diameter Depth Subsea Production Fluid
[km] [in] [m] Development Start
Gorgon Australia 70 34 200 Yes ? 3 Phase
Jansz Australia 134 30-34 1340 Yes ? 3 Phase
Wheatstone Australia 160 34 190 Both ? 3 Phase
WTR Australia 165 18 140 Yes ? 3 PhaseOrmen Lange Norway 120 2x30 800-1100 Y es 2007 3 Phase
atar Gas II ata 90 32 50 No 2006 3 PhaseSnhvit Norway 143 28 250-345 Yes 2005 3 PhaseGoldeneye UK 105 20 120 No 2004 3 PhaseScarrab/Saffron Egypt 90 20 to 36 90 Yes 2003 3 PhaseSouth Pars 2+3 Iran 105 2x32 65 No 2002 3 Phase
Canyon Express US 92 2x12 2200 Yes 2002 3 PhaseFirebird US 10 dual 6 300 yes 2001 3 PhaseHuldra Norway 145 22 120 No 2001 3 phaseGemini US 44 dual 12 1050 Yes 1999 3 Phase
a e s an ana a o aseSable Island Canada 175
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
73/80
Deepwater pipe section replacement
73
Being at the wrong place and at the wrong time
Final Thoughts, Is this Flow Assurance?
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
74/80
Pipeline or
a way
Blockage?
74
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
75/80
Flow Assurance Modeling Example
75
Modeling: LNG Plant Start-up Gas Flow Rate
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
76/80
80
100% gas flow is 22.5 BCM annual gas rate
60
70
(MMm
3/D) ramp up to
25% in
3 months hold at25% for
Hold at
100%
40
50
a
tLNG
Plan
Gas
hold at
12.5% for 1
month
ramp up to
50% over 1
month
20
30
sFlow
Ra
te
ramp up
from 0 to
12.5% in
3 monthshold at 50%
for 12
months
ramp up to
100% over
1 month
0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 84
G.
3 months
76
Time (days)
Modeling: LNG Plant Start-up Pipeline Pressure
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
77/80
150
160100% is 22.5 BCM annual gas rate
110
120
130
140
(bar)
Inlet
ramp up to
25% in
3 months hold at
25% for
1 month
Hold at
100%
70
80
90
100
n
ePressure
12.5% for 1
monthramp up to
50% over 1
month Outlet
20
30
40
50Pipe
li
ramp up
from 0 to
7.5% in
12.5% in
3 months hold at 50%
for 12
months
ramp up to
100% over
1 month
0
10
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 84
Time da s
mon s
77
Modeling: LNG Plant Start-up
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
78/80
26000
100% gas flow is 22.5 BCM annual gas rate
18000
20000
22000
ne
(m
3)
25% in
3 monthshold at
25% for
1 month
12000
14000
16000
up
inPipe
li
ramp up to
50% over
1 month
ramp up to
100% over
1 month
12.5% for
1 month
4000
6000
8000
10000
Liqu
idHol
Condensate
ramp up
from 0 to
ramp up to
12.5% in
3 monthshold at
50% for
12 months
Hold at
100%
0
2000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840
Water/MEG
7.5% in
3 months
78
Time (days)
Modeling: LNG Plant Start-up Liquid Flow Rate
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
79/80
2500
100% gas flow is 22.5 BCM annual gas rate
ram u to
1750
2000
2250
lant(m
3/D)
hold at
25% in
3 monthshold at
25% for1 month
ram u to
1000
1250
1500
ateatLNG
12.5% for
1 monthramp up to
50% over 1
month
hold at
100% over
1 month
500
750
iquidFlow
Condensateramp up
from 0 to
12.5% in
3 months
50% for
12 months Hold at
100%
0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 84
Water/MEG
.
3 months
79
Modeling: LNG Plant Start-up Accumulated Liquid Flow
-
7/28/2019 Chevron OLGA User Meeting
80/80
40000
22.5 BCM annual gas rate
30000
35000
Plan
t(m
3)
20000
25000
Flow
atLN
hold at 50%
ramp up to
50% over 1
month
5000
10000
TotalLiqui for 12
months
25000 m3 of
liquid produced
in a month
0300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400
Time da s
a ou m
80