Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical ...
Cheryl Denny. Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism.
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Transcript of Cheryl Denny. Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism.
When Behaviorism is Beneficial for LearnersTeacher directed instructionBasic skill acquistionAutomaticity of Math factsDrill and practiceClassroom managementPositive reinforcement
When Cognitivism is Beneficial for LearnersProblem solvingReasoningGuided learningScaffoldingCollaborative groupsModeling
When Constructivism is Beneficial for LearnersAdvanced knowledgeGroup projectsHands on explorationClass discussionsExperimentsResearch projects
Task B: Learning Theory Used in Lesson Plan• Behaviorism
• Lesson Plan: “Seven Fat Cats” (Utah LessonPlans, 2003)
• Teacher reads “Seven Fat Cats”• Students identify rhyming words
Learning Theory – Lesson PlanLesson Plan for “Seven Fat Cats” (Utah
LessonPlans, 2003)Behaviorism
• Teacher directed instruction• Teacher directed activities• Basic rhyming skills• Sound matching• Drill and practice
Lesson Plan in CognitivismAdd brain storming map
Students identify additional rhyming wordsFollow up activity
Collaborative groups Rhyming word fill in
Group discussionShare collaborative group work
Behaviorism or Cognitivism for Lesson PlanCognitivism
Begin with original lessonExpand lesson: include Cognitivism
componentsEncourages
Student involvement Reasoning and thinking skills Cooperative learning skills
Wiggins Backward DesignIdentify desired results• Individualizes instruction for audience• Ensures instruction is viable
Acceptable evidence for assessmentVerifies learning occurs
Plans learning and instructionHones and drives writing of instruction
Strengths of Wiggins TheoryIdentifies desired results
Goals and objectives Established before writing instruction
Ensures instruction addresses goals and objectives
Identifies assessment processTailors and directs instruction
Planning instructionMaximizes effective learning
Limitations of WigginsState standards
Big idea might not include all standardsGoals
Subject to vaguenessStudent feedback
None required
Strengths of Gagne’s EventsGaining attention
Engages brain activityObjectives
Prepares learnerPrior learning
Builds on established brain pathways Learner guidance and feedback
Encourages students
Limitations of Gagne’s EventsInstructional planning
No step included in model for planningNine step model
LengthyLaborious
Strengths of Teaching for UnderstandingGenerative topics
Correlates to students’ interestsUnderstanding goals
Can span over a school yearPerformance of understanding
Students demonstrate new knowledgeAssessment is ongoingDesigner can begin in any order
Weaknesses of Teaching for UnderstandingDesign is not extraordinarily structured
Guidelines are vagueLearner audience
More suitable for upper grades
Gagne’s DesignEngages learners
Catches attentionDirects instruction by objectives
Prepares learnersProvides learner guidance
Necessary for young learnersElicits practice
Crucial for acquisition of basic skills
ReferencesUtah LessonPlans. (2003, August 8). Seven
Fat Cats. Retrieved from http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=5640