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CHEMOSYNTESIS 

Haydy Layli O. (14)

Khalifatur Raziqin (17)

Rediana Murti N. (24)

XII IA-4SMAN 1 PROBOLINGGO

2011

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Chemosynthesis

In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biologicalconversion of one or more carbon molecules

(usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrientsinto organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic

molecules (e.g. hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) ormethane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight,

as in photosyntesis. Simply that chemosynthesis is

the biosynthetic reactions that use energy fromchemical reactions (oxidation reactions).

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•Chemoautotrophs organisms that obtaincarbon through chemosynthesis, are

phylogenetically diverse, but groups that includeconspicuous or biogeochemically-important taxa

include the sulfur-oxidizing gamma and epsilonproteobacteria, the Aquificaeles, the

Methanogenic archaea and the neutrophilic iron-

oxidizing bacteria.

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•Many microorganisms in dark regions of the oceans

also use chemosynthesis to produce biomass fromsingle carbon molecules. Two categories can bedistinguished. In the rare sites at which hydrogen

molecules (H2) are available, the energy available from

the reaction between CO2 and H2 (leading to productionof methane, CH4) can be large enough to drive the

production of biomass. Alternatively, in most oceanic

environments, energy for chemosynthesis derives fromreactions in which substances such as hydrogen sulfideor ammonia are oxidized. This may occur with or

without the presence of oxygen.

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Organism which do chemosynthesis

1) Chemosynthesis in Sulfuric bacteria reaction

proceeds as follows :

Thiobacillus

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2) Bacterial nitrogen, such as Nitrosomonas andNitrosococcus obtain energy by oxidizing theNH3which has reacted with CO2 to form

ammonium carbonate ((NH4) 2CO3)

Nitrosomonas Nitrosococcus  

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3) Other types of bacteria are able to carry outchemosynthesis include Nitrobacter. These bacteria areable to oxidize nitrite compounds in the medium. The

result is a nitrate compound and liberating the energywhich will be used to synthesize organic compounds.

Nitrobacter  

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Questions

1) State the difference between Photosynthesis

and chemosynthesis on :Basic materials, Energy sources, Actors,results, place for reaction

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CHEMOSYNTHESIS

1. SULFUR BACTERIA

CO2 + 2 H2S CH2O + 2 S +H2O

2. IRON BACTERIA

FERRO FERRI

3. N BACTERIA ( Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter)

(NH4)2CO3+O2

Synthesis of organic compounds from chemical reactions of inorganiccompounds. Occur in certain bacteria which hasn`t chlorophyll

Nitrosomonas

Nitrococcus

2HNO2+CO2+3H2O+Energi

Ca(NO2)2+O2

Nitrobacter

Ca(NO3)2+Energi 

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 AMONIUM NITRIT NITRAT

NITRIFIKASI

DENITRIFIKASI

AMONIUM NITRIT NITRAT

Nitrosomonas

Nitrococcus

Nitrobacter

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