INVESTIGATORY PROJECT WORK

Submitted By ADARSH KUMAR Class: XII (Science)

Under the Guidance of MR. SUMAN KUMAR PGT (Chemistry)

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C E R T I F I C A T E

This is to certify that ADARSH KUMAR of Class XII Science has prepared the investigatory Computer science project entitled “RAILWAY TICKET RESERVATION”. The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project report for the subject Computer of Class XII. He has prepared the report under my guidance.

Mrs.Jyoti Bhatia

PGT (Computer

Science)

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude

to my project guide Mrs. Jyoti Bhatia Mam for guiding me

immensely through the course of the project. She always

evinced keen interest in my work. Her constructive advice &

constant motivation have been responsible for the successful

completion of this project.

I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I

must thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for

compilation of this project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

CONTENTS

1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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6. Objectives of the Project. . . . . . .

. . . . . .

7. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

8. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

9. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

10.Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

11.CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIM

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT REPORT IS “RAILWAY TICKET RESERVATION ”

Introduction

There are 18 elements essential to plant growth. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are considered fertilizer macronutrients because plants require them in the largest quantity for maximum growth.Nitrogen, phosphprous and potassium are the primary nutrients, which are most likely to be present in inadequate amounts. Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are secondary macronutrients and usually are either present in sufficient quantities or are added coincidentally with other materials (e.g., fungicides, irrigation water). The other 12 nutrients, called micronutrients, are just as important but necessary in smaller amounts. If plants lack any of these elements, they exhibit signs of nutrient deficiency.

Material Required

The requirements for experiment of Chemistry Project Report are as under:

1) Test tubes

2) Test tube stand

3) One dropper

4) Beaker

5) Stop watch

6) Starch and Iodine solution

7) Thermometer

8) Dilute HCL and Dilute NaOH solution.

Chemistry Experiment 1 Procedure

Procedure for Chemistry Experiment 1 is:

1) Collection of Saliva – Rinse mouth throughly with cold water and ensure that it does not contain any food particles. Now take about 20ml of lupe warm water in the mouth and gangle for about three minutes so that saliva mixes up well with it. Spit this into a beaker. Filter, if there is any suspended impurity clear filtrate is saliva solution and contains enzyme ptyalin.

2) Preparation of starch solution – Take about 0.5g of starch in 100ml beaker and add enough water to make a paste. Dilute the paste by adding 50ml water and boil for about 5 minutes.

3) Digestion of starch :- (a)Take 5ml of the starch solution in a test tube. Add 2ml

of saliva solution into it. Mix the solutions well by shaking the tube carefully and start a step watch.

(b) After one minute take out two drops of the mixture solution from the test tube with the help of a dropper and transfer it into another test tube containing about one 1ml of 1% iodine solution. Note the colour produced, if any.

(c)Repeat this test after every one minute taking two drops of the mixture solution and fresh 1% iodine solution continue until the test shows no blue colour. Record the time and blue colour intensity.

Observation

Time Passed after Mixing

1 Minute

2 Minute

3 Minute

4 Minute

Colour Intensity

Deep Blue

Blue Light Blue

No Blue

Absence of blue colour on addition to iodine solution means absence of starch in the mixture solution. That is whole of the starch has got digested or hydrolysed.

Chemistry Experiment 2

Procedure: -Effect of temperature on the digestion of starch by saliva.

1) Take three test tubes and label these 1, 2, and 3.2) Take 5ml of the starch solution, 2ml of the saliva solution

and 5ml of water in each test tube.3) Place test tube Number 1 in water at room temperature, test

tube Number 2 in a beaker containing water at 500 C and test tube Number 3 in boiling water.

4) After 5 minutes, observe the colour change on mixing two drops of the mixture of every tube with one ml of 1% iodine solution. Note the intensity of blue coloured form.

Conclusion

Starch get hydrolysed by saliva amylase

Chemistry Experiment 3

Procedure: - To study the effect of pH on the salivary digestion of starch

1) Take three test tubes and label these 1, 2, and 3.2) Add 5ml of the starch solution, 2ml of the saliva

solution in each test tube.3) Now ass 2ml of water in test tube Number 1 2ml of

Dilute HCL in test tube Number 2 and 2ml of Dilute NaOH solution in test tube Number 3 and shake carefully.

4) Keep the three test tubes in water at room temperature for about 10 minutes.

5) Add 2 drops of the solution of each test tube with 1% iodine solution and observe the colour change

Conclusion

Temperature effects the digestion of starch by salivary with increase in temperature salivary amylase get inactivated and process of digestion do not take place.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 http:// www.google.com/

2 http:// en.wikipedia.org

3 N.C.E.R.T Class 12 Chemistry

4 Dinesh

Chemistry

5 Comprehensive

Chemistry