CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.
-
Upload
thomas-cooper -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.
![Page 1: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHEMISTRY
Maybe I should be wearing goggles
![Page 2: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemistry Pre-Test
1. What is matter?
2. Name the particles of the atom
3. List the CHARGES of each particle
4. How do we determine the Atomic Number of an element?
5. How do we determine the Atomic Mass of an element?
6. Name at least five (5) elements and their symbols
![Page 3: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Matter?
• Anything that can be smelled, tasted, touched…
• Has mass and volume (takes up space)
• Matter exists in a state or phase
• Phases of matter include solid, liquid, gas, non-Newtonian, & plasma
![Page 4: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Common Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
![Page 5: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Non-Newtonian substances
sometimes behave like a solid and
sometimes like a liquid
![Page 6: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plasmas consist of freely moving charged particles, (electrons & ions)
It is perhaps the most common
phase of matter in the universe
![Page 7: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Matter is made up of atoms… What’s an Atom?
• The word ATOM (átomos) was first used by the Greek philosopher Democritus
• Atom translates to “Indivisible”• It is the smallest particle characterizing an element• We can’t see the parts of atoms, even with modern
technology, so we have an Atomic Theory• A theory is a good, logical idea about something
but it hasn’t been proven to be true
![Page 9: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Democritus460-370 BCE
![Page 10: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atomic TheoryIt’s thought that atoms are made of
these common particles:
• PROTON- has a positive Charge (P+)
• NEUTRON- has a neutral charge; has both positive and negative attributes (N=)
• ELECTRON- has a negative charge (e-)
![Page 12: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Atomic Structure
Proton
Neutron
electron
Nucleus
Electron Clouds
![Page 13: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Benfey’s Periodic Table 1960
![Page 14: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Stowe Periodic Table 1988
![Page 15: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mayan Periodic Table 2001
![Page 16: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Spiral Periodic Table 2005
![Page 17: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dufour Periodic Table
![Page 18: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
There is no single periodic table…
![Page 20: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Most Common Periodic Table
• First organized using the known properties from other chemists like Stanislao Cannizzaro
• Dmitri Mendeleev created the most
commonly used table of elements in 1869
![Page 21: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mendeleev’s table 1869
![Page 22: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Most Commonly Used Table
![Page 23: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Period of elements
•Organized horizontally
•Indicates # of electron levels
![Page 24: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Family of elements
•Organized vertically
•Indicates # of electrons in outer cloud
![Page 25: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nitrogen
2 75 N
14.0067
Atomic Number (# of P+)
# of e- in each electron cloud Atomic Mass (# of P+
& N=)
Elemental Name
Elemental Symbol (Often from Latin or Greek)
(1st letter is upper case, 2nd is lower case)
![Page 26: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Q: How can I calculate the number of neutrons in an
element??
![Page 27: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Elemental Names & Symbols
• Fe
• Iron; Latin Ferrum meaning “firm”
• Cu
• Copper; Greek for island of Cypress/ Cuprius
• Na
• Sodium; Natrium (Latin) meaning “soda”/ “salt”
• Ag
• Silver; from Latin Argentum meaning “bright”
![Page 28: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
More Elemental Names & Symbols
• Au
• Gold; (Latin) Aurum- Roman Goddess of dawn
• Hg
• Mercury; Greek Hydragyrium meaning ‘liquid silver’
• Pb
• Lead; Latin for Plumbum; origin of ‘plumber’
![Page 30: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Element song?
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html
![Page 33: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
John DaltonSeptember 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844
• All matter is made of atoms
• Atoms of an element are identical
• Atoms are rearranged in reactions
![Page 34: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Elements are individual atoms…
• When elements join together a compound forms
• Elements join forming molecules of a compound
• There several ways for molecules to form…
![Page 35: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Covalent Bonding
•Atoms join together to form molecules of a compound through bonding
•Atoms “prefer” to have 8 e- in the outer cloud
•In order to become more stable, elements will share e-
•Water (H2O) is an example of covalent bonding
![Page 36: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
H H
O
![Page 37: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
• Occurs with salts
• One element gives up an electron while another gains an electron
• In the case of Sodium Chloride, Na gives up an electron and Cl gains one
• This creates ions: the Na atom has a positive charge & the Cl atom has a negative charge
• Opposite charges attract and a compound is formed
![Page 38: CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY Maybe I should be wearing goggles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0021a28abf838cc2ddd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Na Cl