Chemistry10.1. The Mole: A Measurement of Matter You could measure the amount of sand in a sand...

Chemistry10.1Chemistry10.1

The Mole: A Measurement of MatterThe Mole: A Measurement of Matter

You could measure the You could measure the amount of sand in a sand amount of sand in a sand sculpture by counting sculpture by counting each grain of sand, but it each grain of sand, but it would be much easier to would be much easier to weigh the sand. You’ll weigh the sand. You’ll discover how chemists discover how chemists measure the amount of a measure the amount of a substance using a unit substance using a unit called a mole, which called a mole, which relates the number of relates the number of particles to the mass.particles to the mass.

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Measuring MatterMeasuring Matter

Measuring MatterMeasuring Matter

– What are three methods for What are three methods for measuring the amount of measuring the amount of something?something?

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Measuring MatterMeasuring MatterYou often measure the amount of You often measure the amount of

something by one of three different something by one of three different methods—by methods—by countcount, by , by massmass, and by , and by volumevolume..

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for Sample Problem 10.1for Sample Problem 10.1

Problem Solving 10.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

Sample problem 10.1Sample problem 10.1

We are solving mass of 0.50 bushels of applesWe are solving mass of 0.50 bushels of apples We know: 0.20 bushels = 1 dozen apples We know: 0.20 bushels = 1 dozen apples 1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg

Answer:Answer: 0.50 bushel x 0.50 bushel x 1 dozen__1 dozen__ x x 2.0kg__ 2.0kg__ 0.20 bushel 1 dozen0.20 bushel 1 dozen

= 5.0 kg= 5.0 kg

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What is a mole?What is a mole?

What is a Mole?What is a Mole?

What Is a Mole?What Is a Mole?– How is Avogadro’s number related to a How is Avogadro’s number related to a

mole of any substance?mole of any substance?

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A mole of any substance contains A mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s number of Avogadro’s number of representative particles, orrepresentative particles, or

6.02 6.02 10 102323 representative representative particles.particles.– The term The term representative particlerepresentative particle

refers to the species present in a refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, substance: usually atoms, molecules, or formula units.molecules, or formula units.

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What is a Mole?What is a Mole?– Converting Number of Particles to MolesConverting Number of Particles to Moles

One One molemole (mol) of a substance is 6.02 (mol) of a substance is 6.02 10 102323 representative particles of that representative particles of that substance and is the SI unit for substance and is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance.measuring the amount of a substance.

The number of representative The number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 particles in a mole, 6.02 10 102323, is , is called called Avogadro’s number.Avogadro’s number.

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What is a Mole?What is a Mole?10.1

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– Converting Moles to Number of ParticlesConverting Moles to Number of Particles

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? Moles is 2.17x10? Moles is 2.17x1023 23 particles of Brparticles of Br We know 1 mole = 6.02x10We know 1 mole = 6.02x102323

Answer:Answer: 2.17x102.17x1023 23 X X 1 mole 1 mole = 0.360mol Br= 0.360mol Br

6.02x106.02x1023 23

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We are looking for the # of atoms in 1.14 mol SOWe are looking for the # of atoms in 1.14 mol SO33

We know there are 4 molecules in SOWe know there are 4 molecules in SO33

We know 1 mole of SOWe know 1 mole of SO3 3 is 6.02x10 is 6.02x1023 23 molesmoles

Answer:Answer: 1.14 mol X 1.14 mol X 6.02x106.02x1023 23 molmol X X 4 atoms4 atoms mol moleculemol molecule

= 2.75x10= 2.75x102424

The Mass of a Mole of an The Mass of a Mole of an ElementElement

The Mass of a Mole of an ElementThe Mass of a Mole of an Element– How is the atomic mass of an element How is the atomic mass of an element

related to the molar mass of an related to the molar mass of an element?element?

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The atomic mass of an The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams element expressed in grams is the mass of a mole of the is the mass of a mole of the element.element.–The mass of a mole of an The mass of a mole of an element is its element is its molar mass.molar mass.

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One molar mass of carbon, sulfur, mercury, One molar mass of carbon, sulfur, mercury, and iron are shown.and iron are shown.

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Animation 11Animation 11

– Animation 11 Animation 11 – Find out how Avogadro’s number is Find out how Avogadro’s number is

based on the relationship between the based on the relationship between the amu and the gram.amu and the gram.


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The Mass of a Mole of a The Mass of a Mole of a CompoundCompound

The Mass of a Mole of a The Mass of a Mole of a CompoundCompound– How is the mass of a mole of a How is the mass of a mole of a

compound calculated?compound calculated?

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– To calculate the molar mass of a To calculate the molar mass of a compound, find the number of compound, find the number of grams of each element in one mole grams of each element in one mole of the compound. Then add the of the compound. Then add the masses of the elements in the masses of the elements in the compound.compound.

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Substitute the unit grams for atomic mass Substitute the unit grams for atomic mass units. Thus 1 mol of SOunits. Thus 1 mol of SO33 has a mass of 80.1 has a mass of 80.1 g.g.

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The Mass of a Mole of a CompoundThe Mass of a Mole of a Compound

Molar Masses of Glucose, Water, and Molar Masses of Glucose, Water, and ParadichlorobenzeneParadichlorobenzene

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Chemistry10.1. The Mole: A Measurement of Matter You could measure the amount of sand in a sand...

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