Chemistry

Unit 1Chapter 1, 2, & 5

Class Supplies

• Notebook (lecture / discussion / notes)

• Scientific Calculator

• 3-ring binder or folder for each unit

1.1 Chemistry

• Why study Chemistry?– Problem Solving

• What is Chemistry?

– The study of matter (stuff) and the changes it undergoes (reactions - chemical changes)

• Macroscopic vs. Microscopic ??

Steps of Scientific Method

Experimental variables ?

What does experiment do?

Scientific Theory vs. Law?

Experiment parts

• Independent variable (manipulated)• Dependent variable (responding)• Constant (all other “variables”)• Control group• Experimental group

Chapter 5 - Measurements

• Review these topics• Scientific Notation• SI measurement system

– units– prefixes– uncertainty and significant figures– temperature - only worry about C <-> K– density - derived unit

• Accuracy vs. Precision• Conversion factors

Chapter 2 - Matter - what is it?• Matter - Something that has mass & takes

up space• Mass vs Weight• Physical Property -

a quality of condition that can be measured or observed without changing the composition - Name some?

• Physical change - a change that doesn’t change the substance

States of Matter

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html visual motion

GAS

SOLID LIQUID

Condensation

EvaporationVaporizationBoiling

melting

Freezing

DepositionSublimation

http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/state.html

Definite or Indefinite

Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Definite Indefinite Indefinite

Volume Definite Definite Indefinite

Matter Definitions

• Element

• Compound

• Substance

• 1 type of atom

• 2 or more types of atoms - chemically combined - has a chemical formula

• Matter with uniform composition - elements or compounds

Matter Definitions

• Mixture– Homogeneous– Heterogeneous

• Mixtures can be separated by using any difference in substance’s physical properties

• Special types of Separations– Filtration (which property?)– Distillation (which property?)

Matter ClassificationBreaking down matter into substances and mixtures of substances.

Matter - what is it? (cont)

• Chemical Property -

the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical rxn to form new substances

• combustion - burning in oxygen• rusting - chemical property of Fe• others?

• Chemical change - a change that changes the substance into a new substance (has new physical properties)

Separation Technique - Distillation

Separate based on?

Which substance is separated first?

Common for Distilled water (DI water) (Deionized water)

Atomic / Nucleus Size

Elements are composed of atoms

This is the typical size of an atom, which is ~10 nm diameterAbout 100 thousand in a line would be 1 millimeter.