Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview.

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Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview

Transcript of Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview.

Page 1: Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview.

Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.1 Organic molecules overview

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What are organic molecules? All contain ___________ Four types of organic molecules

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Why is carbon ubiquitous in organic molecules? Stable structure

6 electrons ____ number of bonds

it can form Single, double, triple

bonds Forms long chains

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How are long chains formed? Dehydration synthesis

Monomer + monomer __________ + H20

Hydrolysis __________ + H20

monomer + monomer

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What are functional groups? Can be

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Isomers

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Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.2 Carbohydrates

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What is a carbohydrate? (CH2O)n

Common energy source 4.3 kcal/mol

Name ends in –ose Hydrophilic Straight chain or ring

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What are mono- and disaccharides? Monosaccharides

glucose Fructose Ribose deoxyribose

Disaccharides Maltose Sucrose

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What are polysaccharides? Joining of three or more

monosaccharides via ______ Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin,

peptidoglycan

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Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.3 Lipids

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What are lipids? Common energy store

~ 9 kcal/mol Long chains of C and H Hydrophobic Several types

Triglycerides Phospholipids Waxes Steroids

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What are triglycerides? Fats and oils Contain

Glycerol Fatty acids (contains carboxyl group)

Two types Saturated Unsaturated

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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated Complete

number of ___ Unsaturated

Contains double bonds

Contains fewer ____

Transfats AKA partially

hydrogenated fats

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What are phospholipids? Amphiphilic Create cell membrane Similar to triglycerides as they contain

Glycerol Phosphate group Two fatty acids

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What are waxes? Long chain fatty acids bonded to long-chain alcohols Solid at room temp

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What are steroids? Four-ring lipids Cholesterol is base molecule

Basis for many sex hormones

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Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.4 Proteins

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What are proteins? Perform many

functions Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion

Long chains of _____________

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What are amino acids? Common structure 20 common kinds

hydrophobic, hydrophilic Joined together via ________ to make polypeptides Peptide bond

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What are the shapes of proteins? Shape determines

________ Four levels of

structure Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

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What are some other properties of proteins? Fibrous proteins

Structural hydrophobic

Globular proteins Enzymes Hydrophilic

Chaperone proteins Prions?

Denaturation pH Heat

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Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.5 Nucleic Acids

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What are nucleic acids? Long chains of _________

Three components in nucleotides DNA RNA ATP

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What is the structure of DNA? Double helix

Deoxyribose Nucleotides joined via

_______ Sugar-phosphate backbone

Purines vs. pyrimidines Joined via hydrogen bonds

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What is the structure of RNA? Single stranded Ribose Sugar-phosphate backbone

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What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate Unstable P bond Energy molecule