Chemistry of lipids fatty acids ppt BIOCHEMISTRY
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Transcript of Chemistry of lipids fatty acids ppt BIOCHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDSFATTY ACIDS
Dr. Vijay Marakala, MBBS, MD.
Assistant professor BIOCHEMISTRY SIMS & RC
FATTY ACIDS
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon side chain
R COOHHydrocarbon chain Carboxylic group
FATTY ACIDS
Esterified • Esterified with various lipids• Common
Free • FFA• Blood
Occurrence
FATTY ACIDS - CLASSIFICATION
D/U Total no of carbon atoms
Even chain FA
Odd chain FA
D/U Length of hydrocarbon chain
Short chain FA
Medium chain FA
Long chain FA
Very long chain FA
D/U Nature of hydrocarbon chain
Saturated FA
Unsaturated FA
Branched chain FA
Hydroxy FA
EVEN CHAIN FA
Most of the fatty acids that occur in natural lipids are even carbons.
ODD CHAIN FATTY ACIDS
Propionic acid
• 3 Carbon
Valeric acid
• 5 Carbon
Seen in milk and microbial cell walls
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
In which hydrocarbon side chain is saturated (no double bonds).
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
In which hydrocarbon side chain is unsaturated. One or more double bonds are present.
Monounsaturated FA
• One double bond
Polyunsaturated FA
• 2 or more double bonds
Subclassified according to number of double bonds
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
SATURATED & UNSATURATED FA
Numbering of carbon atoms in FA
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
αβω
Carboxyl endMethyl end
Palmitic acid
Nomenclature of Fatty Acids
Saturated fatty acids
Saturated FA have both trivial names and systematic names.
Usually saturated FA end as anoic acids.
Nomenclature of Fatty Acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
They have trivial names, systematic names, ω-end names and shorthand forms.
Usually Unsaturated FA end as enoic acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids
Representation of double bonds of FA 2 systems
1. C-System
2. ω-or n-System
Nomenclature of Fatty Acids
1. C-System
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7 -COOH18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1
Oleic acid (C:18:1:∆9)
2. ω-or n-System
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7 -COOH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 18
Oleic acid (C:18:1:ω-9)
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
They are not synthesized in the body.
So they must be obtained from diet.
They are also called as poly unsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA).
They are - Linoleic acid (LA),
- Linolenic acid (LNA) and
- Arachidonic acid (AA).
Functions of EFA
1.Synthesis of Ecosanoids
2.Maintenance of structural integrity of cells
3.Development of retina and brain
4.Antiatherogenic effect
Thromboxanes Leukotrienes Prostaglandins
EFA deficiency
Occurs if EFAs are excluded from diet for long period
The syndrome in humans characterized by
Horny eruptions on the posterior and lateral parts of limbs, on the back and buttocks.Dermatitis Poor wound healing
Phrynoderma